Rewetting peatlands is an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, after rewetting, the areas are highly heterogeneous in terms of GHG exchange, which depends on water level and source, vegetation, previous use, and duration of rewetting. These challenging conditions require new technologies that go beyond discrete sampling. Here we present data from two autonomous lander platforms deployed at the sediment-water interface (bottom lander) of a shallow coastal peatland (approx. 1 m water depth) that was rewetted by brackish water from the Baltic Sea, thus becoming part of the coastal water through a permanent connection. These landers were equipped with six commercially available state-of-the-art sensors, and temporal high-resolution measurements of physico-chemical variables, including partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), were made. The resolution of the field data ranged from 10 seconds to 120 minutes and was obtained for partial pressure of CO2 (Contros HydroC-CO2) and CH4 (Contros HydroC-CH4), temperature, salinity, pressure (water depth), oxygen (O2) (CTD-O2 with SBE-37SMP-ODO), the concentrations of phosphate (SBE HydroCycle PO4), nitrate (SBE SUNA V2), chlorophyll a and the turbidity (both with SBE-FLNTUSB ECO) as stationary measurements at two different locations in close proximity. The CTD and oxygen measurements provide exact water depth data for the respective lander locations. In the other data sets (e.g., CO2 measurements) rounded data are inserted instead of the exact depth data, which is 0.6 m for lander_1 and 0.9 m for lander_2. SUNA raw data are provided for completeness. However, we found them of insufficient quality to estimate nitrate concentrations due to interferences and biofouling. The deployment and recovery of the landers, and thus the measurements, took place between 02 June 2021 and 09 August 2021, and the sensors were operated under permanent wired power supply and a centralized timestamp. The sensors were maintained and cleaned bi-weekly. Results show considerable temporal fluctuations expressed as multi-day, diurnal, and event-based variability, with spatial differences caused by biologically-dominated variables.
Klimamodelle sagen voraus, dass sich in naher Zukunft im Antarktischen Ozean signifikant die Temperatur und der PH-Wert ändern werden, bedingt durch den Anstieg der Konzentrationen troposphärischer Treibhausgase und vor allem durch den erhöhten Kohlenstoffdioxidausstoß aus fossilen Brennstoffen. Solche Änderungen wirken sich auf die Zusammensetzung des Phytoplanktons aus und damit auch auf die Stoffkreisläufe wichtiger Elemente (Kohlenstoff, Stickstoff, usw.). Ziel dieses interdisziplinären Projektes ist die genauere Bestimmung der räumlichen und zeitlichen Variabilität der Biomasse von unterschiedlichen Phytoplanktontypen im Antarktischen Ozean. Einerseits wird hiermit das Verständnis der Rolle des antarktischen Phytoplanktons für das Ökosystem vertieft und andererseits deren Beitrag für den globalen Kohlenstoffzyklus genauer quantifiziert. Durch die einzigartige Kombination von Satellitendaten zweier unterschiedlicher Instrumententypen soll die Konzentration verschiedener Phytoplankton-Typen im Antarktischen Ozean zum ersten Mal mit umfassender zeitlicher und räumlicher Abdeckung bestimmt werden. Die Gesamtbiomasse wird durch eine an die Antarktis angepasste Prozessierung mit Hilfe multispektraler Satellitenmessdaten berechnet. Der Anteil wesentlicher Phytoplanktontypen an der Gesamtbiomasse wird anhand der Auswertung charakteristischer Absorptionsstrukturen von hyperspektralen Messdaten (PhytoDOAS-Methode) ermittelt. Somit soll ein synergetisches Produkt aus sich ergänzenden Informationen multi- und hyperspektraler Satelliteninstrumente entwickelt werden, das auf ähnliche Satelliteninstrumente, deren Messungen in naher Zukunft starten, übertragbar sein wird. Damit kann dann ein Datensatz über die Verteilung von Phytoplanktontypen über Dekaden erstellt werden. Mit dem im Projekt entstehenden Datensatz über die Verteilung der Phytoplanktontypen soll deren Variabilität und Korrelation mit sich ändernden Umweltfaktoren im Antarktischen Ozean in den vergangenen untersucht werden. Darüber hinaus soll unser Datensatz genutzt werden, zur Verbesserung und Evaluierung eines Ökosystem-Models, welches die Biogeographie verschiedener Phytoplanktontypen durch Parametrisierung physiologischer Eigenschaften an ein Ozeanzirkulatonsmodell errechnet. Mit Hilfe des Langzeitdatensatz und dem damit verbundenen Wissen über die Variabilität der Phytoplanktontypen, wird ein Fundament geschaffen, um den Einfluss der Klimaveränderungen im Antarktischen Ozean zu bemessen.
Rewetting peatlands is an important measure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, after rewetting, the areas are highly heterogeneous in terms of GHG exchange, which depends on water level and source, vegetation, previous use, and duration of rewetting. These challenging conditions require new technologies that go beyond discrete sampling. Here we present data from two autonomous lander platforms deployed at the sediment-water interface (bottom lander) of a shallow coastal peatland (approx. 1 m water depth) that was rewetted by brackish water from the Baltic Sea, thus becoming part of the coastal water through a permanent connection. These landers were equipped with six commercially available state-of-the-art sensors, and temporal high-resolution measurements of physico-chemical variables, including partial pressures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), were made. The resolution of the field data ranged from 10 seconds to 120 minutes and was obtained for partial pressure of CO2 (Contros HydroC-CO2) and CH4 (Contros HydroC-CH4), temperature, salinity, pressure (water depth), oxygen (O2) (CTD-O2 with SBE-37SMP-ODO), the concentrations of phosphate (SBE HydroCycle PO4), nitrate (SBE SUNA V2), chlorophyll a and the turbidity (both with SBE-FLNTUSB ECO) as stationary measurements at two different locations in close proximity. The CTD and oxygen measurements provide exact water depth data for the respective lander locations. In the other data sets (e.g., CO2 measurements) rounded data are inserted instead of the exact depth data, which is 0.6 m for lander_1 and 0.9 m for lander_2. SUNA raw data are provided for completeness. However, we found them of insufficient quality to estimate nitrate concentrations due to interferences and biofouling. The deployment and recovery of the landers, and thus the measurements, took place between 02 June 2021 and 09 August 2021, and the sensors were operated under permanent wired power supply and a centralized timestamp. The sensors were maintained and cleaned bi-weekly. Results show considerable temporal fluctuations expressed as multi-day, diurnal, and event-based variability, with spatial differences caused by biologically-dominated variables.
As part of the MOSES Project, in April 2023 methane measurements were started in the north-western part of the island Heligoland in the German Bight (North Sea). The objective was to complement the measurements of the Sternfahrten to identify the carbon cycle and its flow from the start of the Elbe river into the North Sea. Therefore, a Contros methane sensor for dissolved methane was deployed under water at about 10 to 12 meter depth (depending on the tide) close to the underwater observatory (UW-OBS) MarGate (54°11' N, 7°52' E), from the COSYNA Project. To ensure correct values latter was cleaned frequently from growing organisms by scientific divers. The present data contains the data from 2024, the second year running the sensors. Based on the concentrations of dissolved methane the methane emissions (diffusive flux) was calculated.
In continuation of the previous cruises (Sternfahrten) we covered a similar area with the RVs Ludwig Prandtl and Mya II. All instruments were set up in the MOSES laboratory container. Standard hydrographic parameters were determined with a pocket ferrybox running with ship's surface water supply. In addition, dissolved methane was determined continuously. We used a degassing unit which was using surface water from the ship's water supply. The gas mixture was subsequently analysed with a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatos. Conversion to methane concentration was performed with water samples, from which the methane content was determined with gas chromatography. Atmospheric methane concentrations were obtained from the ICOS-station Helgoland. Wind speed was obtained from the ships meteorological systems. The diffusive flux was calculated as outlined in the additional meta data description.
Teil der Statistik "Treibhausgasemissionen" Raum: Bayern
In January 2024 a river flood by the Elbe and Weser resulted in very high discharge of freshwater into the German Bight. To follow this river, plume the RV Mya II cruised from Sylt and between Helgoland, Cuxhaven, Büsum. All instruments were set up in the MOSES laboratory container. Standard hydrographic parameters were determined with a pocket ferrybox running with ship's surface water supply. In addition, dissolved methane was determined continuously. We used a degassing unit which was using surface water from the ship's water supply. The gas mixture was subsequently analysed with a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatos. Conversion to methane concentration was performed with water samples, from which the methane content was determined with gas chromatography. Atmospheric methane concentrations were obtained from the ICOS-station Helgoland. Wind speed was obtained from the ships meteorological system. The diffusive flux was calculated as outlined in the additional meta data description.
In continuation of the previous cruises (Sternfahrten) we covered a similar area with the RV Heincke. All instruments were set up in the MOSES laboratory container. Standard hydrographic parameters were determined with a pocket ferrybox running with ship's surface water supply. In addition, dissolved methane was determined continuously. We used a degassing unit which was using surface water from the ship's water supply. The gas mixture was subsequently analysed with a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatos. Conversion to methane concentration was performed with water samples, from which the methane content was determined with gas chromatography. Atmospheric methane concentrations were obtained from the ICOS-station Helgoland. Wind speed was obtained from the ships meteorological systems. The diffusive flux was calculated as outlined in the additional meta data description.
Within the framework of the GEOSTOR Project, the CO2 storage potential of the Jurassic succession in the German Central Graben was analysed. Twelve potential trap structures were initially mapped along the base of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation, which serves as the primary seal for potential reservoir sandstones within the Central Graben Subgroup. The Kimmeridge Clay Formation is generally continuously distributed across the German Central Graben, with only localized penetrations by rising salt diapirs. In contrast, the Central Graben Subgroup, serving as a potential reservoir unit, exhibits an uneven distribution across the area, limiting the presence and continuity of reservoir rocks within each trap structure. To further delineate the spatial extent of the mapped reservoir structures, the base of the Central Graben Subgroup was used as an additional reference layer. Due to the intermittent nature of Jurassic sandstones within the Central Graben Subgroup, a subsequent analysis classified each structure based on borehole data to confirm the presence of reservoir sands. Structures were categorized as ‘proven,’ ‘not present,’ or ‘uncertain’ depending on sandstone availability and continuity within the trap. All mapped reservoir structures are buried at depths ranging from 2225 to 3043 meters (apex depth) and are considered closed systems, situated within a complex structural network of salt diapirs, faults, and pinch-outs. Capacity calculations were conducted following the method outlined by Fuhrmann et al. (2024), and the horizons used for mapping are based on the work of Müller et al. (2023) and Thöle et al. (2021). Fuhrmann, A., Knopf, S., Thöle, H., Kästner, F., Ahlrichs, N., Stück, H.L., Schlieder-Kowitz, A., Kuhlmann, G., (2024). CO2 storage potential of the Middle Buntsandstein Subgroup-German sector of the North Sea. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 136. Müller, S.M., Jähne-Klingberg, F., Thöle, H., Jakobsen, F.C., Bense, F., Winsemann, J. & Gaedicke, C. (2023). Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous tectonostratigraphy of the German Central Graben, southern North Sea. – Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 102: e4. DOI:10.1017/njg.2023.4 Thöle, H., Jähne-Klingberg, F., Doornenbal, H., den Dulk, M., Britze, P. & Jakobsen F. (2021). Deliverable 3.8 – Harmonized depth models and structural framework of the NL-GER-DK North Sea. GEOERA 3DGEO-EU; 3D Geomodeling for Europe; project number GeoE.171.005. Report.
The CO2 storage potential of the Middle Buntsandstein Subgroup within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the German North Sea was analysed within the framework of the GEOSTOR-Project. A total of 71 potential storage sites were mapped based on existing 3D models, seismic and well data. Static CO2 capacities were calculated for each structure using Monte Carlo simulations with 10,000 iterations to account for uncertainties. All potential reservoirs were evaluated based on their static capacity, burial depth, top seal integrity and trap type. Analysis identified 38 potential storage sites with burial depths between 800 m and 4500 m, reservoir capacities (P50) above 5 Mt CO2 and suitable sealing units. The best storage conditions are expected on the West Schleswig Block where salt-controlled anticlines with moderate burial depths, large reservoir capacities and limited lateral flow barriers are the dominant trap types. Relatively poor storage conditions can be anticipated for small (P50 <5 Mt CO2), deeply buried (> 4500 m) and structurally complex potential storage sites in the Horn and Central Graben. For more detailed information on the methodology and findings, please refer to the full publication: Fuhrmann, A., Knopf, S., Thöle, H., Kästner, F., Ahlrichs, N., Stück, H. L., Schlieder-Kowitz, A. und Kuhlmann, G. (2024) CO2 storage potential of the Middle Buntsandstein Subgroup - German sector of the North Sea. Open Access International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 136 . Art.Nr. 104175. DOI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2024.104175
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