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Daten und Fakten zu Braun- und Steinkohlen

Um die weitere Ausgestaltung des Kohleausstiegs besteht weiterhin ein hoher Diskussion- und Entscheidungsbedarf. Um diesen gesellschaftlichen Diskussionsprozess zu begleiten, setzt das Umweltbundesamt mit diesem aktualisierten Hintergrundpapier seine Veröffentlichungsreihe "Daten und Fakten zu Braun- und Steinkohlen" fort. Die Publikation beleuchtet die aktuelle und perspektivische Rolle der Kohlen als Energieträger aus energiewirtschaftlicher, umweltpolitischer und ökonomischer Sicht (wie steigende Preise für CO2-Emissionszertifikate). Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de

Daten und Fakten zu Braun- und Steinkohlen (2017)

Deutschland droht sein Klimaziel zu verfehlen. Ein wesentlicher Grund: Rund 40 Prozent der ⁠Bruttostromerzeugung⁠ stammen immer noch aus Braun- und Steinkohle. Das aktualisierte ⁠UBA⁠-Hintergrundpapier beleuchtet diese Energieträger aus energiewirtschaftlicher, ökonomischer und umweltpolitischer Sicht. Wegen der schlechten Umwelt- und Klimabilanz ist ein zügiger Kohleausstieg dringend geboten.

Schätzung der Umweltkosten in den Bereichen Energie und Verkehr - Empfehlungen des Umweltbundesamtes

Das Hintergrundpapier gibt einen Überblick über einige zentrale Inhalte der Methodenkonvention 2.0 zur Schätzung von Umweltkosten und ihrer Anhänge. Das Umweltbundesamt fasst mit der Methodenkonvention 2.0 den wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisstand auf diesem Gebiet zusammen, legt konkrete Vorschläge für best-practice Kostensätze vor und macht transparent, welche Annahmen und Werturteile hinter den vorgeschlagenen Kostensätzen stehen. Die Methodenkonvention schafft damit eine valide Grundlage für die Schätzung der Umweltkosten und erleichtert ihre praktische Nutzung.

Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) for Environmental Development and Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance

Background: Only recently has the environment been clearly implicated in the risk of antibiotic resistance to clinical outcome, but to date there have been few documented approaches to formally assess these risks.<BR>Objective: We examined possible approaches and sought to identify research needs to enable human health risk assessments (HHRA) that focus on the role of the environment in the failure of antibiotic treatment caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens.<BR>Methods: The authors participated in a workshop held 4-8 March 2012 in Québec, Canada, to define the scope and objectives of an environmental assessment of antibiotic-resistance risks to human health. We focused on key elements of environmental-resistance-development "hot spots,Ł exposure assessment (unrelated to food), and dose response to characterize risks that may improve antibiotic-resistance management options.<BR>Discussion: Various novel aspects to traditional risk assessments were identified to enable an assessment of environmental antibiotic resistance. These include a) accounting for an added selective pressure on the environmental resistome that, over time, allows for development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB); b) identifying and describing rates of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the relevant environmental "hot spotŁ compartments; and c) modifying traditional dose-response approaches to address doses of ARB for various health outcomes and pathways.<BR>Conclusions: We propose that environmental aspects of antibiotic-resistance development be included in the processes of any HHRA addressing ARB. Because of limited available data, a multicriteria decision analysis approach would be a useful way to undertake an HHRA of environmental antibiotic resistance that informs risk managers.<BR>Quelle: http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1206316/

Kurzanalyse Nr. 6: Ressourceneffizienz im Fokus der betrieblichen Kostenrechnung

Die vorliegende Kurzanalyse soll eine Einführung in die Thematik der umweltbezogenen Kostenrechnung und einen groben Überblick über die wichtigsten Ansätze geben. Detailliert wird auf die ausgewählte Methode der Materialflusskostenrechnung als ein Instrument des betrieblichen Umweltmanagements eingegangen. Darüber hinaus werden das Konzept der Lebenszykluskosten sowie die Anwendung auf die Investitionsrechnung von Anlagen und Prozessen dargestellt und erläutert.

Wiederverwendung: Selektive Entfernung monovalenter Ionen aus salzhaltigen Wässern für die Grundwasseranreicherung und Trinkwasseraufbereitung

Das Projekt "Wiederverwendung: Selektive Entfernung monovalenter Ionen aus salzhaltigen Wässern für die Grundwasseranreicherung und Trinkwasseraufbereitung" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Siedlungs- und Industriewasserwirtschaft, Professur für Verfahrenstechnik in Hydrosystemen durchgeführt. Auf Grund des global ansteigenden Wasserbedarfs und den sinkenden zur Verfügung stehenden Süßwasserressourcen, besteht ein weltweites Interesse an effizienten Entsalzungsverfahren. Süßwasser, das vom Meer oder von geogenen Salzvorkommen beeinflusst wird, weist u. a. oft erhöhte Konzentrationen an Natrium und Chlorid auf. Hohe Nitrat- und Sulfatkonzentrationen resultieren hingegen meist aus landwirtschaftlichem Einfluss. Eine vollständige Entsalzung der Wässer ist nicht sinnvoll, sondern lediglich nur eine Verminderung der monovalenten Ionen nötig. Das Ziel dieses Forschungsvorhabens ist die Entwicklung eines energieeffizienten, selektiven, membranbasierten Entsalzungsverfahrens zur gezielten Entfernung monovalenter Ionen aus salzhaltigem Grund- und Oberflächenwasser sowie die Überprüfung potenzieller Anwendungen und Einsatzgebiete unter Berücksichtigung wasserchemischer, ökonomischer und ökologischer Aspekte. Es werden selektive Membranen für einen spezifischen Rückhalt monovalenter Salze entwickelt und in neukonstruierten Modulen für den Einsatz in einem elektrochemischen Verfahren in Labor- und Pilotanlagen verbaut. Mit den Anlagen werden Untersuchungen zur Identifikation optimierter Prozess- und Anlagenparameter in Abhängigkeit unterschiedlicher Rohwasserqualitäten und Aufbereitungsziele durchgeführt. Es wird geprüft, welche resultierenden Effekte und Herausforderungen bei der Grundwasseranreicherung und der Trinkwasseraufbereitung gegeben sind. Die entwickelte Technologie wird anhand einer ganzheitlichen ökonomisch-ökologischen Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung internationalen Zielgrößen wie den Nachhaltigkeitszielen gegenübergestellt, um Handlungsempfehlungen abzuleiten. Durch die Wahl der Partner aus Industrie, Wissenschaft und Praxis ist das Konsortium in der Lage, Anlagen zu bauen und die innovative Technologie bei Praxispartnern vor Ort zu testen und zu bewerten. Die Ergebnisse tragen somit maßgeblich zur Sicherung der Wasserressourcen, national wie international, bei.

Compiling and Refining Environmental and Economic Accounts (CREEA)

Das Projekt "Compiling and Refining Environmental and Economic Accounts (CREEA)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Nederlandse Centrale Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek durchgeführt. Objective: The main idea behind this project is to refine and elaborate economic and environmental accounting principles as discussed in the London Group and consolidated in the future SEEA 2012, to test them in practical data gathering, to troubleshoot and refine approaches, and show added value of having such harmonized data available via case studies. This will be done in priority areas mentioned in the call, i.e. waste and resources, water, forest and climate change / Kyoto accounting. In this, the project will include work and experiences from major previous projects focused on developing harmonized data sets for integrated economic and environmental accounting (most notably EXIOPOL, FORWAST, a series of Eurostat projects in Environment Accounting, and to a lesser extent EU KLEMS and WIOD). Where possible data gathered in the project will be consolidated in and enrich such existing databases (most notably the EXIOPOL and FORWAST databases). The project will be executed by a mix of National Statistical Institutes and top research institutes in this field Europe, of whom the majority was involved already in EXIOPOL, FORWAST and various EUROSTAT projects setting up environmental and economic accounts, or have dedicated expertise on key domain areas. The project has made special provisions for further engagement of (European) participants in the London Group.

Low Resource consumption buildings and constructions by use of LCA in design and decision making (LORE-LCA)

Das Projekt "Low Resource consumption buildings and constructions by use of LCA in design and decision making (LORE-LCA)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von SINTEF Materials and Chemistry durchgeführt. The building sector shows enormous energy- and material flows. 40 percent of the European primary energy consumption refers to buildings and the building sector is responsible for more than 50 percent of waste materials in Europe. The European commission is aware of the importance of the building sector for sustainability and forces among other things sustainable development on a legislative level. Examples are the European Building Directive (2002/91/EG) and the Communication from the Commission to Council and the European Parliament, COM (2005) 718 'Thematic Strategy on the Urban Environment. As already mentioned the building sector offers large potentials towards a sustainable development. But how to measure and assess sustainability of buildings? In order to assess all environmental impacts of buildings applicable instruments are required, considering the whole life cycle, including ecological issues and economical and social aspects. LCA (Lifecycle analysis) comprises a comprehensive accounting of all material and energy inputs of a building throughout its life cycle and consolidates the results in form of an environmental evaluation of the building. In the current project existing assessment instruments for the building sector are screened, compared, and tested regarding their suitability for daily use. Within the project integrative European wide standards for Life Cycle Assessment of buildings, as well as recommendations for stakeholders, landlords and designers will be worked out. Dissemination of LCA-applications for the building sector will be done by workshops and training sessions for above mentioned target groups. Prime Contractor: SINTEF Materials and Chemistry; Trondheim; Norwegen.

SustainaBle uRban plannIng Decision support accountinG for urban mEtabolism (BRIDGE)

Das Projekt "SustainaBle uRban plannIng Decision support accountinG for urban mEtabolism (BRIDGE)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas durchgeführt. The BRIDGE programme (sustainaBle uRban plannIng Decision support accountinG for urban mEtabolism) is a joint effort of 14 European Organizations aiming at incorporating sustainability aspects in urban planning processes, accounting for some well recognised relations between urban metabolism and urban structure. BRIDGE was launched in order to assist urban planners to present and evaluate planning alternatives towards a sustainable city. Project description The Bridge project will focus on the understanding of patterns of energy and material flows through the urban community's economy to provide a systemic reading of the present situation for goal and objective setting and development of indicators for sustainability. The core of BRIDGE will develop a tool to assist decision making processes by providing tools for the design and a structured presentation of alternatives and mechanisms for the comparative analysis, ranking, and selection (DSS). The observations of physical flows, the models and/or the models results, the environmental impact assessment methodologies and the socio-economic costs assessments methodologies will be integrated in the BRIDGE DSS and scenarios will be provided for resources optimization in the urban fabric. Aim & Objectives BRIDGE is a joint effort of 14 European Organizations aiming at incorporating sustainability aspects in urban planning processes, accounting for some well recognised relations between urban metabolism and urban structure. BRIDGE also aims at devising of innovative planning strategies for urban planning and design in Europe. BRIDGE will provide the means to quantitatively estimate the various components of the urban metabolism, the means for quantitative estimate their socio-economic and environmental impacts, as well as the means for resource optimisation in urban fabric. The main objectives of the proposed project BRIDGE are: Bridge the gap between bio-physical sciences and urban planners Illustrate the economic advantages of accounting for environmental issues on a routine basis in urban planning decisions. Provide the means to quantitatively estimate the various components of the urban metabolism from local to regional scales. Provide the means to quantitatively estimate the environmental impacts of the above components. Provide the means to translate the above environmental impacts to socio-economic costs. Support the development of sustainable planning strategies to decouple resource use and economic development. Provide the means to optimise resources in urban planning. Involve local and regional stakeholders in validation of project's achievements. Support the implementation of EU policy on urban environment.

Enslic building - Energy Saving in Buildings through Promotion of Life Cycle Assessment

Das Projekt "Enslic building - Energy Saving in Buildings through Promotion of Life Cycle Assessment" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Interuniversitäres Forschungszentrum für Technik, Arbeit und Kultur (IFZ) durchgeführt. The building sector is responsible for almost 40 percent of the European final energy consumption. Huge amounts of raw materials are also consumed along with their associated embedded energy. Depending on the chosen indicator between 10 and 60 percent of the environmental impact of a building is a result of the build phase and materials used. LCA comprises a comprehensive accounting of all material and energy inputs to the building throughout its life cycle and consolidates the results in the form of an environmental evaluation of the building. It can also be supplemented with a costs database in order to report in detail the economic costs incurred throughout the life cycle, known as Life Cycle Costing. The project aims to draw on the existing information generated from previous research projects regarding: design for low energy consumption, integrated planning, evaluating of environmental performance of building, design for sustainability and LCA techniques applied to buildings. Life Cycle Costing (LCC) in construction projects is becoming more and more of a priority in EU public procurement and building related projects. It may become mandatory at an EU level for some public procurement in the future. This action will serve to support further dissemination of LCC to industry by links with current initiatives. The output which will be compiled with the collaboration of key target groups will be a set of guidelines with a methodology which clarifies the various aspects of the LCA, e.g., purpose, benefits, needs, flexibility and different techniques. This will be applied to real buildings by a number of collaborating target groups who have already expressed their interest.

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