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Meer & Küste zum Thema Nachhaltiger Angeltourismus inkl. Müllvermeidung

Kurzbeschreibung Als Teil des EU-Projektes CATCH widmet sich die aktuelle Ausgabe des Magazins Meer & Küste 6/ 2017 dem Thema Nachhaltigkeit im Küsten- und Angeltourismus. Der Leser erfährt u.a., was getan werden kann, um umweltschonend zu angeln, in welchem Umfang mittlerweile Kunststoffe und Weichmacher im Angelequipment enthalten sind, welchen Einfluss diese beim Verbleib in der Umwelt haben können und wie wichtig es ist, bereits Kinder und Jugendliche für ein verantwortungsvolles Handeln beim Angeln zu sensibilisieren. Das Magazin richtet sich im Wesentlichen an Touristen, Küstenbewohner und Küsteninteressierte, spricht aber auch Fachleute aus Universitäten, Behörden und Vereinen an. Darüber hinaus werden mit der aktuellen Ausgabe gezielt Angler als neue Zielgruppe gewonnen. Auflage: 35.000 Stück Auslage kostenlos in Angelfachmärkten, Tourist-Informationen, Jugendherbergen, Umweltbildungszentren, wissenschaftlichen Institutionen und Behörden entlang der Ostseeküste oder in digitaler Form (http://eucc-d-inline.databases.eucc-d.de/files/documents/00001197_MuK_2017_web.pdf) erhältlich. Ergebnisse Siehe Website

Input of plant protection products into groundwater via bank filtration

Plant protection products (PPPs) can be transported from the target area to other environmental compartments, e.g. groundwater. To minimize potential negative impacts, their environmental fate is assessed as part of the PPPs authorization process. Bank filtration describes the process where surface water infiltrates into groundwater systems, transporting dissolved or particulate compounds through the subsurface. The report provides a literature review of the state of the art on the processes and influencing factors of bank filtration, summarises bank filtration rates for pesticides, and evaluates the suitability of the model Exposit 3.02 to represent the removal of PPPs via bank filtration. Veröffentlicht in Texte | 115/2025.

Ökotoxikologische Wirkungen von quartären Ammoniumverbindungen (QAV) und Belastung in Gewässern

QAV werden ubiquitär eingesetzt: u.a. in Desinfektionsmitteln, Kühlflüssigkeiten, Schleimbekämpfungsmitteln, Holzschutzmitteln und Reinigungsmitteln). Laut Daten des Statistischen Bundesamts umfasste das Handelsvolumen in DE im Jahr 2020 etwa 26.000 Tonnen nur für den Gebrauch von QAVs in Desinfektionsmitteln (Destatis, Stand: 25.02.2021). Aufgrund der adsorptiven Eigenschaften ist zu erwarten, dass QAVs nach Eintrag in die aquatische Umwelt unmittelbar an Schwebstoffe und Sedimente binden. Anhand von Analysen in Zu- und Abläufen von Kläranlagen, Wasser und Sediment soll ein Abbild der Belastungssituation in Gewässern dargestellt werden. Die ökotoxikologische Relevanz der Belastung des Sediments mit QAVs soll anhand von Tests mit sedimentbewohnenden Insekten überprüft werden. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse soll die Umweltrisikobewertung von QAVs auf blinde Flecken überprüft werden und die gewonnenen Daten später ergänzend für die Modellierung zum Verhalten und Verbleib in der Umwelt und die Effektbewertung der jeweiligen Substanzen verwertet werden.

Input of plant protection products into groundwater via bank filtration

Plant protection products (PPPs) can be transported from the target area to other environmental compartments, e.g. groundwater. To minimize potential negative impacts, their environmental fate is assessed as part of the PPPs authorization process. Bank filtration describes the process where surface water infiltrates into groundwater systems, transporting dissolved or particulate compounds through the subsurface. The report provides a literature review of the state of the art on the processes and influencing factors of bank filtration, summarises bank filtration rates for pesticides, and evaluates the suitability of the model Exposit 3.02 to represent the removal of PPPs via bank filtration.

Aging of tire and road wear particles in terrestrial and freshwater environments - a review on processes, testing, analysis and impact

The environmental fate of tire and road wear particles (TRWPs) receives increasing attention due to the per capita emission volumes of 0.2-5.5 kg/(cap year) and recent reports on the environmental hazard of TRWP constituents. It is expected that aging impacts TRWPs fate in the environment but detailed knowledge is quite limited, yet. Making use of information on tire aging, the available knowledge on environmental aging processes such as thermooxidation, photooxidation, ozonolysis, shear stress, biodegradation and leaching is reviewed here. Experimental techniques to simulate aging are addressed as are analytical techniques to determine aging induced changes of TRWPs, covering physical and chemical properties. The suitability of various tire wear test materials is discussed. Findings and methods from tire aging can be partially applied to study aging of TRWPs in the environment. There is a complex interplay between aging processes in the environment that needs to be considered in future aging studies. In addition to existing basic qualitative understanding of the aging processes, quantitative understanding of TRWP aging is largely lacking. Aging in the environment needs to consider the TRWPs as well as chemicals released. Next steps for filling the gaps in knowledge on aging of TRWPs in the environment are elaborated. © 2021 The Authors

Environmental fate and effects assessment of human pharmaceuticals: lessons learnt from regulatory data

Human pharmaceuticals are extensively studied and assessed before marketing approval. Since 2006, this also includes an assessment of environmental risks. In the European Union, this is based on the guideline on the environmental risk assessment of medicinal products for human use (EMEA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00 corr 2), which is currently under revision. For Germany, the German Environment Agency (UBA) is tasked with the evaluation of environmental risks of human pharmaceuticals. Applicants seeking approval of medicinal products need to submit fate and effect data, in case predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) exceed 10 ng/L in surface waters, or the substance is of specific concern through its mode of action or physico-chemical characteristics. Over the last decade, this regulatory work resulted in an internal agency database containing effect data on approximately 300 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A considerable part of this data is currently not publicly available due to property rights held by the respective applicants. The database was evaluated to draw conclusions on how the current assessment approach may be improved. The evaluation of aquatic effect data shows considerable variation in ecotoxic effect concentrations, but supports the current use of 10 ng/L as PEC action limit. For endocrine-active substances and antibiotics, a clear sensitivity profile was observed, which allows a more targeted assessment in the future. The conclusions drawn from terrestrial effect data are less clear, as the database itself is biased because information is only available for substances with high sorption. Further adaptations of the terrestrial assessment strategy, including action triggers, appear necessary. Fate data show a high persistence of many APIs: approximately 43% of all APIs are classified as very persistent; 12% of these show DT50 values in a range where abiotic or biotic degradation is not expected. Overall, the evaluation has shown that improvements of the current guideline are possible. © The Author(s) 2021

Phosphonate in Wasch- und Reinigungsmitteln und deren Verbleib in der Umwelt - Entwicklung von Analyseverfahren und deren praktische Anwendung bei Proben von Oberflächenwasser, Abwasser und Sediment

Im Verlauf eines Jahres wurden 10 Beprobungen zweier kommunaler Kläranlagen in Stuttgart-Möhringen an der Körsch und in Stuttgart-Mühlhausen am Neckar vorgenommen. Dabei wurden jeweils folgende Matrices zur Quantifizierung der Phosphonate ATMP, EDTMP, DTPMP, HEDP und PBTC entnommen: Kläranlagenzulauf, Ablauf der Vorklärung, Ablauf der Nachklärung und, im Falle der Kläranlage Stuttgart-Mühlhausen, auch Ablauf des Sandfilters und Ablauf des Aktivkohlefilters. Weiterhin wurden Flusswasser, Flusssediment und Flussschwebstoffe vor und hinter der Einleitstelle beprobt. Zusätzlich zur Phosphonatanalytik erfolgte die Erfassung der Kenngrößen Temperatur, Kläranlagendurchfluss, pH, Leitfähigkeit, Feststoffgehalt, chemischer Sauerstoffbedarf und Phosphorgehalt. Die Schwerpunkte der Methodenentwicklung lagen auf der Extraktion von Phosphonaten aus Feststoffproben, der Anpassung der Chromatographie zur Analyse matrixbelasteter Proben und der Etablierung einer automatischen Anreicherung zur Quantifizierung von Oberflächenwasserproben. Im Rahmen dieses Projekts wurde die etablierte ionenchromatographische Trennung erstmals erfolgreich mit einem empfindlichen Tandem-Massenspektrometer gekoppelt. Diese Technik erlaubte die Quantifizierung aus Oberflächenwasserproben bis zu einer Bestimmungsgrenze von 0,1 (my)g/L. Durch Eigensynthese isotopenmarkierter Interner Standards wurde die Empfindlichkeit und Spezifität der Analyse erheblich verbessert. Nach der Etablierung einer robusten Analysemethode erfolgte die Bilanzierung der Phosphonate innerhalb und im Umfeld der beiden Kläranlagen. Dabei zeigte sich, dass HEDP und PBTC in der Regel die höchsten Gehalte aufwiesen. Hohe Eliminierungsraten von 80-90 % nach dem Durchlaufen der Nachklärung wurden festgestellt. Die gegenwärtigen Daten zeigen, dass Phosphonate in der Kläranlage und im Fließgewässer zu hohem Anteil adsorbiert an Feststoffpartikel (unterer bis mittlerer mg/kg-Bereich) vorliegen. Sowohl im Neckar als auch in der Körsch wurden der Einleitstelle signifikant erhöhte Sedimentbeladungen und, abhängig von der Größe des Gewässers, auch erhöhte Schwebstoffbeladungen festgestellt. Die im Oberflächenwasser detektierten Konzentrationen befanden sich, abhängig von der Belastung, im unteren (my)g/L-Bereich und darunter. Quelle: Forschungsbericht

Considerations about the relationship of nanomaterial’s physical-chemical properties and aquatic toxicity for the purpose of grouping

Based on the variety of existing nanomaterials with numerous modifications, the effort of investigating environmental fate and effects will be tremendous. Hence, it will be necessary to group nanomaterials which feature similar environmental fate and effects.  Therefore, the project objective was to correlate physical-chemical data with ecotoxicological effects for selected nanomaterials and to define reference values which can serve as a basis for grouping. The report presents the development of concepts for grouping of nanomaterials with regard to their ecotoxicological effects with focus on aquatic ecotoxicity. The project was structured into five steps. First, fourteen nanomaterials were selected according to pre-defined criteria. The selected NMs were different subtypes of Ag, ZnO, TiO2, CeO2 and Cu. In a second step, their physico-chemical properties were determined in water and in all test media. Based on the results hypotheses regarding the expected ecotoxicity were formulated (third step). In a fourth step, the hypotheses were verified by testing the selected NMs in three ecotoxicological tests (acute aquatic toxicity with algae, daphnia and fish embryo according to the OECD Test Guidelines No. 201, 202 and 236). Finally, step five consisted of the compilation of a grouping concept based on nanomaterials physico-chemical parameters which were identified as relevant for the emergence of a toxic effect in aquatic organisms. Veröffentlicht in Texte | 102/2017.

Ultra-trace carbazoles in sediment samples of the Weser and Elbe Rivers and the North Sea in 2012 to 2014

Carbazole and some of its derivatives may possess dioxin-like toxicity and could be persistent in the environment, but information on their distribution and environmental fate is limited. This study developed and validated an ultra-trace targeted-analysis method for the determination of carbazole, 1,2-benzocarbazole, and 13 halogenated carbazoles in sediments from the river, coast, and North Sea. An 8-g sediment sample was extracted using accelerated solvent extraction combined with in-cell cleanup and analyzed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was sensitive and reliable with method detection limits ranging from 4.54 to 52.9 pg/g, and most of the quantification biases and relative standard deviations were <20 and <15%, respectively. Carbazole and 1,2-benzocarbazole were the predominant substances in the sediments (median 565 and 369 pg/g, respectively) followed by 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (median 196 pg/g). The detection frequencies of carbazole, benzo-, 3-chloro-, and 3,6-dichlorocarbazole were >75%, while those of 3,6-dibromo-, 1-bromo-3,6-dichloro-, and 1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichlorocarbazole were approximately 50%. Brominated carbazoles occurred more frequently in marine than river-influenced sediments, which could indicate halogenation after discharge into the river. This is the first study regarding these substances in coastal environments without apparent contamination history. The ubiquity and bioaccumulative potential of these substances needs to be considered.

Closing gaps for environmental risk screening of engineered nanomaterials

Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) have a widespread presence in human life and are components of many products and applications. This warrants an easy and fast evaluation of potential environmental risks. However, so far this is hampered by the multitude of different nanomaterials on the markets in addition to the many variations in form, size and surface modifications. Testing of each variation of ENM is not manageable, and hence the development and application of fast risk screening tools for ENMs is discussed. Here, we present the development of a scoring scheme with regard to ENM environmental risks under consideration of the two compartments water and soil. It allows for the ranking of ENM according to their environmental fate and hazard by taking into account criteria that are meaningful and relevant for ENM. The selection of the criteria is based on conceptual considerations, existing knowledge, and experimental work including transport and transformation studies as well as aquatic and terrestrial toxicity tests. The allocation of the ENM to the scores informs on the potential for transport and transformation and the hazard potential. Fate and hazard scores are subsequently combined into one risk score (1â€Ì10 for aquatic compartment, 1â€Ì7 for terrestrial compartment). The risk score has the intention to indicate which ENM may need prioritization for further action, i.e. with regard to the degree of detail for further testing or modelling. The applicability and consistency of the scoring schemes were assessed by taking different chemical species (e.g. of Ag, TiO2, SiO2, Cu, Fe) of ENM in various modifications (e.g. different shapes and coatings) into account. In conclusion, the established scoring schemes were found to be applicable to rank ENM according to their environmental fate and hazard potential, and thus to their environmental risk potential. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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