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Total and phytoplankton group chlorophyll concentrations from underway spectrophotometry with water mass classification in the East Greenland Sea from Polarstern expeditions 2015-2024

We present a high spatially resolved (around 300 m) data set on the chlorophyll-a concentrations of all phytoplankton (total chlorophyll-a), diatoms, haptophytes and chlorophytes various phytoplankton pigments (unit: mg/m³) estimated from particulate absorption data derived from underway AC-S measurements operated on eight R/V POLARSTERN expeditions in the Greenland Sea (North of 66.3°N to 82°N within the Atlantic Ocean) between 2015 to 2024: PS93.2, PS99.2, PS107, PS121, PS126, PS131, PS136 and PS143-2. For each data point we further provide the percentage of Atlantic Water and Polar Water and the association into the three regions: East Greenland Sea, Central Fram Strait and West Spitsbergen Current. Mind that the classification of water masses and regions is only valid for the Hausgarten area (78°N to 80°N and 7°W to 15°E). The details of the instrument set-up, the data and the methods are described in Bracher et al. (2025).

Continuous optical chlorophyll-a and turbidity data along RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM129/1

Underway optical chlorophyll-a and turbidity data were collected along the cruise track with Sea-Bird Scientific ECO FLNTU sensors installed within two autonomous measurement containers, as part of the "Reinseewassersystem" (RSWS). The containers measure alternatingly. While one container is measuring, the other one is being cleaned. The boxes switched generally every 12 hours. The water inlet for the RSWS is at about 6.5 m below sea surface. Observed chlorophyll-a and turbidity data were both quality controlled. Analysis of the chlorophyll-a and turbidity data during parallel operation of the sensors in the two boxes showed significant differences between the sensors. The sensors were aligned resulting in consistent chlorophyll-a and turbidity time series. The corrected chlorophyll-a data were calibrated based on chlorophyll-a values from discrete water samples taken from a RSWS water outlet in the hangar. Samples were frozen and measured fluorometrically in the lab. The time series was separated into two sections, coastal and open ocean, which were calibrated independently. The turbidity time series was also compared to suspended particulate matter from water samples, however, correlation was low and therefore the comparison not used for calibrating turbidity. The calibrated chlorophyll-a time series and corrected turbidity time series were compared against Globcolour CHL1 and TSM products, respectively. Details on all quality control steps, the calibration, and the comparison with satellite data can be found in the data processing report. The data set user should keep in mind that some parts of the time series are likely affected by non-photochemical quenching, see data processing report. It was out of the scope of the quality control to flag or correct non-photochemical quenching. The resulting data set contains the original data and corresponding quality flags achieved by the quality control algorithm as well as the calibrated chlorophyll-a and corrected turbidity data with corresponding quality flags. The data source is given through the name of the active container. The data set contains data during transit time and station work. We recommend to use ship's speed to filter for only transit data.

Ferrybox underway observations of physical and optical surface water variables during HE626/2 from 2023-10-27 to 2023-11-07

The data presented here were collected during the cruise HE626-2 with RV Heincke from Bremerhaven to Bremerhaven (2023-10-27 to 2023-11-07). The water intake of the autonomous measurement system was in approx. 3 m depth. All data have been subjected to automated quality checks (see processing report) and visual control. The chlorophyll-a data were additionally calibrated by comparison with discrete samples. Details on all quality control steps and the calibration can be found in the data processing report. The resulting data set contains the quality-controlled data and corresponding quality flags. The data set contains data during transect and station. The rawdata are also available on request from the principal investigator.

Ferrybox underway observations of physical and optical surface water variables during HE626 from 2023-07-20 to 2023-08-09

The data presented here were collected during the cruise HE626 with RV Heincke from Bremerhaven to Bremerhaven (2023-07-20 to 2023-08-09). The water intake of the autonomous measurement system was in approx. 3 m depth. All data have been subjected to automated quality checks (see processing report) and visual control. The chlorophyll-a data were additionally calibrated by comparison with discrete samples. Details on all quality control steps and the calibration can be found in the data processing report. The resulting data set contains the quality-controlled data and corresponding quality flags. The data set contains data during transect and station. The rawdata are also available on request from the principal investigator.

Ferrybox underway observations of physical and optical surface water variables during HE614 from 2023-02-27 to 2023-03-25

The data presented here were collected during the cruise HE614 with RV Heincke from Bremerhaven to Bremerhaven (2023-02-27 to 2023-03-25). The water intake of the autonomous measurement system was in approx. 3 m depth. All data have been subjected to automated quality checks (see processing report) and visual control. The chlorophyll-a data were additionally calibrated by comparison with discrete samples. Details on all quality control steps and the calibration can be found in the data processing report. The resulting data set contains the quality-controlled data and corresponding quality flags. The data set contains data during transect and station. The rawdata are also available on request from the principal investigator.

Ferrybox underway observations of physical and optical surface water variables during HE609 from 2022-10-04 to 2022-10-28

The data presented here were collected during the cruise HE609 with RV Heincke from Bremerhaven to Bremerhaven (2022-10-04 to 2022-10-28). The water intake of the autonomous measurement system was in approx. 3 m depth. All data have been subjected to automated quality checks (see processing report) and visual control. The chlorophyll-a data were additionally calibrated by comparison with discrete samples. Details on all quality control steps and the calibration can be found in the data processing report. The resulting data set contains the quality-controlled data and corresponding quality flags. The data set contains data during transect and station. The rawdata are also available on request from the principal investigator.

Ferrybox underway observations of physical and optical surface water variables during HE598 from 2022-04-29 to 2022-05-24

The data presented here were collected during the cruise HE598 with RV Heincke from Bremerhaven to Bremerhaven (2022-04-29 to 2022-05-24). The water intake of the autonomous measurement system was in approx. 3 m depth. All data have been subjected to automated quality checks (see processing report) and visual control. The chlorophyll-a data were additionally calibrated by comparison with discrete samples. Details on all quality control steps and the calibration can be found in the data processing report. The resulting data set contains the quality-controlled data and corresponding quality flags. The data set contains data during transect and station. The rawdata are also available on request from the principal investigator.

Continuous optical chlorophyll-a and turbidity data along R/V SONNE cruise SO285

Underway optical chlorophyll-a and turbidity data were collected along the cruise track with Sea-Bird Scientific ECO FLNTU sensors installed within two autonomous measurement systems, called self-cleaning monitoring boxes (SMBs). The SMBs measure alternatingly. While one box is measuring, the other one is being cleaned. The water inlet for the SMBs is at about 4 m below sea surface. Observed chlorophyll-a and turbidity data were both quality controlled and the chlorophyll-a data was additionally calibrated using chlorophyll-a reference data from discrete water samples taken from the CTD water sampler at 10 m depth. Sample chlorophyll-a was determined spectrophotometrically following Jeffrey and Humphrey (1975) as in EPA Method 446. Note that the ship crossed various biogeochemical provinces leading to high variability in the data and, additionally, non-photochemical quenching effects can be observed making it difficult to robustly calibrate the data. A comparison of the calibrated chlorophyll-a with satellite data using the GlobColour CHL1 and CHL2 products is additionally provided. Details on all quality control steps, the calibration, and the comparison with satellite data can be found in the data processing report. The resulting data set contains the original data, the calibrated data (in case of chlorophyll-a) and corresponding quality flags achieved by the quality control algorithm. The data source is given through the name of the active SMB. The data set contains data during transit time and station work. We recommend to use ship's speed to filter for only transit data.

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