Die Daten sind aus dem Projekt „Bilanzierung des Grundwasserdargebotes für das Land Brandenburg“ (HGN-Gutachten 2021) im Zusammenhang mit den Daten zum Projekt „Hydroisohypsenplan 2017“ aus dem Umweltplan-Gutachten (2017) aggregiert worden. Auf Grundlage stichtagsbezogener Grundwasser-/ Oberflächenwasserstandsdaten des Frühjahres 2015 erfolgte über das Interpolationsverfahren „Detrended Kriging/Residual Kriging“ in Kombination mit einer geohydraulischen Modellierung, die Berechnung der Hydroisohypsen (Linien gleicher Grundwasserstände auf NHN bezogen). Für die Darstellung der unterirdischen Einzugsgebiete wurden zuerst die oberirdischen Einzugsgebiete ausgegrenzt. Danach erfolgte die Ausgrenzung der unterirdischen Einzugsgebiete in Ableitung der o. g. Hydrodynamik aus dem Frühjahr 2015. Unterirdische Einzugsgebiete werden auch Grundwassereinzugsgebiete genannt. Die Daten sind aus dem Projekt „Bilanzierung des Grundwasserdargebotes für das Land Brandenburg“ (HGN-Gutachten 2021) im Zusammenhang mit den Daten zum Projekt „Hydroisohypsenplan 2017“ aus dem Umweltplan-Gutachten (2017) aggregiert worden. Auf Grundlage stichtagsbezogener Grundwasser-/ Oberflächenwasserstandsdaten des Frühjahres 2015 erfolgte über das Interpolationsverfahren „Detrended Kriging/Residual Kriging“ in Kombination mit einer geohydraulischen Modellierung, die Berechnung der Hydroisohypsen (Linien gleicher Grundwasserstände auf NHN bezogen). Für die Darstellung der unterirdischen Einzugsgebiete wurden zuerst die oberirdischen Einzugsgebiete ausgegrenzt. Danach erfolgte die Ausgrenzung der unterirdischen Einzugsgebiete in Ableitung der o. g. Hydrodynamik aus dem Frühjahr 2015. Unterirdische Einzugsgebiete werden auch Grundwassereinzugsgebiete genannt. Die Daten sind aus dem Projekt „Bilanzierung des Grundwasserdargebotes für das Land Brandenburg“ (HGN-Gutachten 2021) im Zusammenhang mit den Daten zum Projekt „Hydroisohypsenplan 2017“ aus dem Umweltplan-Gutachten (2017) aggregiert worden. Auf Grundlage stichtagsbezogener Grundwasser-/ Oberflächenwasserstandsdaten des Frühjahres 2015 erfolgte über das Interpolationsverfahren „Detrended Kriging/Residual Kriging“ in Kombination mit einer geohydraulischen Modellierung, die Berechnung der Hydroisohypsen (Linien gleicher Grundwasserstände auf NHN bezogen). Für die Darstellung der unterirdischen Einzugsgebiete wurden zuerst die oberirdischen Einzugsgebiete ausgegrenzt. Danach erfolgte die Ausgrenzung der unterirdischen Einzugsgebiete in Ableitung der o. g. Hydrodynamik aus dem Frühjahr 2015. Unterirdische Einzugsgebiete werden auch Grundwassereinzugsgebiete genannt.
Das Projekt "Linking internal pattern dynamics and integral responses - Identification of dominant controls with a strategic sampling design" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum.In hydrology, the relationship between water storage and flow is still fundamental in characterizing and modeling hydrological systems. However, this simplification neglects important aspects of the variability of the hydrological system, such as stable or instable states, tipping points, connectivity, etc. and influences the predictability of hydrological systems, both for extreme events as well as long-term changes. We still lack appropriate data to develop theory linking internal pattern dynamics and integral responses and therefore to identify functionally similar hydrological areas and link this to structural features. We plan to investigate the similarities and differences of the dynamic patterns of state variables and the integral response in replicas of distinct landscape units. A strategic and systematic monitoring network is planned in this project, which contributes the essential dynamic datasets to the research group to characterize EFUs and DFUs and thus significantly improving the usual approach of subdividing the landscape into static entities such as the traditional HRUs. The planned monitoring network is unique and highly innovative in its linkage of surface and subsurface observations and its spatial and temporal resolution and the centerpiece of CAOS.
Das Projekt "Biogenic soil structures: feedbacks between bioactivity and spatial heterogeneity of water storage and fluxes from plot to hillslope scale" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Geoökologie, Abteilung Umweltsystemanalyse.Soil structure determines a large part of the spatial heterogeneity in water storage and fluxes from the plot to the hillslope scale. In recent decades important progress in hydrological research has been achieved by including soil structure in hydrological models. One of the main problems herein remains the difficulty of measuring soil structure and quantifying its influence on hydrological processes. As soil structure is very often of biogenic origin (macropores), the main objective of this project is to use the influence of bioactivity and resulting soil structures to describe and support modelling of hydrological processes at different scales. Therefore, local scale bioactivity will be linked to local infiltration patterns under varying catchment conditions. At hillslope scale, the spatial distribution of bioactivity patterns will be linked to connectivity of subsurface structures to explain subsurface stormflow generation. Then we will apply species distribution modelling of key organisms in order to extrapolate the gained knowledge to the catchment scale. As on one hand, bioactivity influences the hydrological processes, but on the other hand the species distribution also depends on soil moisture contents, including the feedbacks between bioactivity and soil hydrology is pivotal for getting reliable predictions of catchment scale hydrological behavior under land use change and climate change.
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Das Projekt "Forschergruppe (FOR) 1598: From Catchments as Organised Systems to Models based on Dynamic Functional Units (CAOS), From subsurface structures to functions and texture - linking virtual realities and experiments at the plot and hillslope scales" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Wasser und Gewässerentwicklung, Bereich Hydrologie.This project will explore the interplay between soil water, tracer and soil heat budgets depending on the prevailing context and develop advanced approaches for their coupled treatment within the subsurface domains of an EFU (the least entity of the CAOS model). Based on an improved understanding of the fingerprints of vertical preferential flow in the water, mass and heat transport in the unsaturated zone we will derive suitable closure relations that account for these fingerprints in the unsaturated subsurface domain of an EFU during rainfall driven conditions. We will furthermore derive descriptions for water, mass and heat budgets in the unsaturated subsurface domain during energy driven conditions and derive the necessary constitutive relations that account for the effect of soil heterogeneity on storage of water, mass and energy based on virtual experiments. Next we will explore coupled water and heat transport in the saturated subsurface domain with special emphasis on groundwater surface water exchange and derive process descriptions of minimum adequate complexity. Furthermore we will contribute to an optimal combination of soil physical and geophysical methods for exploring near subsurface lateral structures at the hillslope scale in joined work task with Project F.
Das Projekt "14C content of specific organic compounds in subsoils" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität zu Köln, Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie.Organic matter (OM) composition and dynamic in subsoils is thought to be significantly different from those in surface soils. This has been suggested by increasing apparent 14C ages of bulk soil OM with depth suggesting that the amount of fresh, more easily degradable components is declining. Compositional changes have been inferred from declining ä13C values and C/N ratios indicative for stronger OM transformation. Beside these bulk OM data more specific results on OM composition and preservation mechanisms are very limited but modelling studies and results from incubation experiments suggest the presence and mineralization of younger, 'reactive carbon pool in subsoils. Less refractory OM components may be protected against degradation by interaction with soil mineral particles and within aggregates as suggested by the very limited number of more specific OM analysis e.g., identification of organic compound in soil fractions. The objective of this project is to characterize the composition, transformation, stabilization and bioavailability of OM in subsurface horizons on the molecular level: 1) major sources and compositional changes with depth will be identified by analysis of different lipid compound classes in surface and subsoil horizons, 2) the origin and stabilization of 'reactive OM will be revealed by lipid distributions and 14C values of soil fractions and of selected plant-specific lipids, and 3) organic substrates metabolized by microbial communities in subsoils are identified by distributional and 14C analysis of microbial membrane lipids. Besides detailed analyses of three soil profiles at the subsoil observatory site (Grinderwald), information on regional variability will be gained from analyses of soil profiles at sites with different parent material.
Das Projekt "Forschergruppe (FOR) 1740: Ein neuer Ansatz für verbesserte Abschätzungen des atlantischen Frischwasserhaushalts und von Frischwassertransporten als Teil des globalen Wasserkreislaufs, Amplitude, mechanism, and dynamical significance of salinity variability in the Atlantic and Nordic Seas, analyzed from satellite data and ocean syntheses" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Hamburg, Institut für marine Ökosystem- und Fischereiwissenschaften, Centrum für Erdsystemforschung und Nachhaltigkeit (CEN).The goal of this project is to quantify freshwater fluxes in the ocean, and improve our understanding of their temporal and spatial changes in terms of the interaction between ocean transport processes, surface net freshwater fluxes and river run-off, as well as mixing processes in the ocean. In particular, we aim at combining all available ocean salinity/freshwater data (including novel satellite-based salinity retrievals and ARGO data), surface freshwater fluxes (including HOAPS and NCEP net surface freshwater fluxes) and river discharge with a numerical model to improve our understanding of net surface sources of freshwater, near-surface freshwater budgets, and full-depth ocean freshwater transports. Respective sub-goals entail: -Improving the quality of SMOS and Aquarius surface salinity data and estimating respective error information required for their subsequent analysis and assimilation. - Expansion of the GECCO data assimilation system to incorporate surface salinity fields. - Evaluation of the sensitivity of subsurface salinity to freshwater fluxes (incl. run-off), surface salinity fields and subsurface salinity changes. - Estimates of surface and subsurface salinity fields, ocean transports of freshwater (including surface freshwater fluxes) from monthly mean SMOS and Aquarius fields, ARGO salinities and underway salinity measurements. - Quantifying the role of surface forcing (E-P-R) versus lateral transports and mixing of freshwater in modulating the freshwater content as function of depths and geographical position. Providing a best possible description of salinity changes and underlying processes in the Atlantic Ocean.
Das Projekt "Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1158: Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas; Bereich Infrastruktur - Antarktisforschung mit vergleichenden Untersuchungen in arktischen Eisgebieten, Investigation of mechanism driving glacial/interglacial variability in stratification/mixing and biological productivity of the Pacific Southern Ocean and potential implications on air-sea CO2-exchange: synthesis of climate and ocean biogeochemical modeling with paleoceanographic reconstructions" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung.Atmospheric CO2 concentrations present a repetitive pattern of gradual decline and rapid increase during the last climate cycles, closely related to temperature and sea level change. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 23-19 kyr BP), when sea level was ca. 120 m below present, the ocean must have stored additionally about 750 Gt carbon. There is consensus that the Southern Ocean represents a key area governing past and present CO2 change. The latter is not only of high scientific but also of socio-economic and political concern since the Southern Ocean provides the potential for an efficient sink of anthropogenic carbon. However, the sensitivity of this carbon sink to climate-change induced reorganizations in wind patterns, ocean circulation, stratification, sea ice extent and biological production remains under debate. Models were not yet able to reproduce the necessary mechanisms involved, potentially due to a lack of the dynamic representation/resolution of atmospheric and oceanic circulation as well as missing carbon cycling. Data on past Southern Ocean hydrography and productivity are mainly from the Atlantic sector, thus do not adequately document conditions in the Pacific sector. This sector is not only the largest part of the Southern Ocean, but it also represents the main drainage area of the marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). In the proposed study we aim to generate paleo-data sets with a newly established proxy method from sediment core transects across the Pacific Southern Ocean. This will enhance the baselines for the understanding and modeling of the Southern Ocean's role in carbon cyling, i.e. ocean/atmosphere CO2 exchange and carbon sequestration. It will also allow insight into the response of the WAIS to past warmer than present conditions. Paired isotope measurements (oxygen, silicon) will be made on purified diatoms and radiolarians to describe glacial/interglacial contrasts in physical and nutrient properties at surface and subsurface water depth. This will be used to test (i) the impact of yet unconsidered dust-borne micronutrient deposition on the glacial South Pacific on shifts of primary productivity, Si-uptake rates and carbon export, (ii) the 'silicic-acid leakage' hypothesis (SALH) and (iii) the formation and extent of surface water stratification. Diatom and radiolarian oxygen isotopes will provide information on the timing of surface ocean salinity anomalies resulting from WAIS melt water. Climate model simulations using a complex coupled atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) in combination with a sophisticated ocean biogeochemical model including Si-isotopes will be used for comparison with the paleo records. The analysis will cover spatial as well as temporal variability patterns of Southern Ocean hydrography, nutrient cycling and air-sea CO2-exchange. With the help of the climate model we aim to better separate and statistically analyse the individual impacts of ocean circulation and bio
