Das Projekt "Entwicklung und Anwendung eines Ueberwachungssystems fuer die von Fahrzeugen verursachte Luftverschmutzung in einer europaeischen Grossstadt, Vorschlag und Auswertung von Massnahmen zur Verringerung der durch Fahrzeuge verursachten Luftverschmutzung - Fallstudie aus Athen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Trier, European Association for Environmental Management Education - Focal Point Trier -, Europäisches Diplom in Umweltwissenschaften durchgeführt. One of the serious problems for many European cities is air pollution and especially the photochemical pollution that has as main contributor the vehicular traffic. The subject of this project is the definition and evaluation of interventions to the traffic network of the city of Athens as a mean to minimise pollution. The first part of the project gives a description of the subsystems of the Vehicular Pollution Monitoring System (VPMS) such as: the traffic flow monitoring system, the sampling system for vehicular speed, fuel consumption, emission factors of CO. HC's and NOx, and driving conditions. The next part is referred to the application of a VPMS in the city of Athens. The combination of the subsystems of VPMS is discussed in practice, and the data for every main road are presented in a database which is related to a Geographical Information System (GIS) that also completes the comprehensive, spatial and temporal presentation of data. The final part is dedicated to the proposal and evaluation of interventions in the road network of Athens, which have the form of percentages of traffic decrease in specific roads. The amounts of CO, HC, NOx emitted in the atmosphere from every road are a very important parameter in the evaluation procedure. A large part of the evaluation process is taking place in GIS environment for a more efficient presentation of interventions, systematic and complete management of data.
Das Projekt "Universelles PV-Steuerungssystem" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von WIP, Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur GmbH & Co Planungs-KG durchgeführt. General Information: PROJECT OBJECTIVES: The proposed activities aim at developing the first two prototypes of a Universal Photovoltaic Management System (UPMS) based on two selected standard sizes for application in hybrid PV power plants. The basic aims are to achieve substantial cost reduction and reliability improvements over the past conventional balance of system (BOS) configurations. This UPMS concept combines in one container all power electronics, energy management unit, and their cabling necessary to control, regulate power, and monitor a complete hybrid PV plant. Cost reduction and reliability improvements are possible because all of the critical BOS hardware and wiring are integrated in one box, resulting in use of common parts, cheaper transportation, installation, testing, and maintenance. Technical Approach: The technical approach is to develop two basic types of Universal PV Management System (UPMS) which are briefly described below as Types A and B: -Type A: This is intended as a modular standardized size to be used in low-power hybrid PV power plant, installed near the user's or owner's residence, with a standard ac output rating of 3 kVA, PV array sized at 1.5 kW, and battery capacity of 600 Ah. All power electronics, power distribution switching and protective devices, monitoring capability, and energy management systems are completely packaged inside one container. The power sources, one solar irradiance sensor and the residential loads are the only connections to this UPMS. -Type B: This is also modularized and standardized but for larger power applications such as centralized village power source. The standard ratings selected are ac output rating of 15 kVA, PV array sized up to 10kW, and battery capacity of 1,500 Ah. The packaging of the UPMS is the same as Type A. The system would be located at a central point in the village. Expected Achievements and Exploitation: The project will result in the development of two prototypes of a universal PV management system (UPMS) based on two selected standard sizes for application in hybrid PV plants. The basic aims are to achieve significant cost reduction and reliability improvements over the past BOS configuration. All key R and D results will be presented in conferences and key technologies developed will be reported to other EU partners. Prime Contractor: Aplicaciones Tecnicas de la Energia SA, Madrid/Spain.
Das Projekt "Entwicklung, Herstellung und Qualifizierung von kostenguenstigen VPS-Elektroden fuer einen fortschrittlichen alkalischen Wasserelektrolyseur der 1 MW-Klasse im intermittierenden Betrieb" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., Institut für Technische Thermodynamik durchgeführt. Ziel der Arbeiten ist die Qualifizierung von VPS-Elektroden fuer eine Zellflaeche von 0,25 m2 sowie die Herstellung und der Test entsprechender Elektroden im 30 bar-Druckelektrolyseur bei GHW/MTU. Dazu muss die Hochskalierung von VPS-Elektroden auf die Einsatzgroesse erfolgen und die Qualitaetssicherung des Herstellungsprozesses gewaehrleistet werden. Vor dem Test der VPS-Elektroden im Druckbetrieb bei 30 bar muss die Problematik der in situ-Aktivierung von Raney-Nickel-Elektroden mit Nickelnetz-gestuetzten CaTi03-Diaphragmen geklaert werden. Vor dem Hintergrund der Kostenreduzierung im Gesamtvorhaben des 30 bar-Druckelektrolyseurs sind die Entwicklungs- und Herstellkosten von mit dem VPS-Verfahren produzierten 0.25 m2 grossen Elektroden sowie das Potential und die Kosten einer weiteren Hochskalierung zu groesseren Elektrodenflaechen zu ermitteln und einem Kostenvergleich zu unterziehen.