Das Projekt "ProSmart T - Projekte BIOTOPE und WATER" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von ifp - Institut fuer Planungsdaten in der Stadt- und Regionalforschung und Oekologie durchgeführt. Der Zuwendungsantrag 'Technologieentwicklung Umwelt' mit den Projekten BIOTOPE und WATER ist Teil des Gemeinschaftsvorhabens ProSmart, das von den Firmen DSS, CAF, GEOS, FEZ und ifp im Rahmen des Zusammenarbeitsvertrages eingereicht wird. In Zusammenarbeit mit dem Innovationspartner GFZ-Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam soll die Verwendung von Hyperspektraldaten (HYMAP) in Synergie mit herkoemmlichen multispektralen (DAEDALUS) bzw. hochaufloesenden panchromatischen (HRSC) Daten zur Verbesserung der Kartierergebnisse im Rahmen der Biotop- und Nutzungstypenkartierung (Projekt BIOTOPE) bzw. zur Bestimmung der Wasserqualitaet in Binnen- und Kuestengewaessern (nur HYMAP-Daten, Projekt WATER) untersucht werden. Die Auswertung der Hyperspektraldaten erfolgt unter Adaption und Weiterentwicklung bekannter Techniken in Hinblick auf (1) die technische Auslegung des Sensors und (2) die spezielle Themenstellung. Die technische Spezifikation der Demonstrationsbeispiele und die Ergebnisbewertung unter fachlichen, finanziellen und operationellen Aspekten erfolgt in Zusammenarbeit mit Pilotnutzern, den spaeteren Bedarfstraegern.
Das Projekt "Pilot dismantling of the KRB-A BWR. Dismantling of contaminated components of the reactor building and to activated internals of the reactor pressure vessel - Development and application of concrete sawing and melt encapsulation (Onion packa)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Kernkraftwerk RWE-Bayernwerk GmbH durchgeführt. Objective: The prototype Boiling Water Reactor Gundremmingen A (KRB-A BWR) of the Kernkraftwerk RWE-Bayernwerk GmbH (KRB) had a capacity of 250 MWe and was operated from 1966 to 1977. Dismantling work has been started for some time (especially the turbine hall has been dismantled), and complete removal of the power station is foreseen to be completed by 2000. The 2 foregoing EC programmes have been involved by 4 R and D contracts in the past dismantling work on KRB-A. KRB-A dismantling is a European undertaking according to the definition of the Euratom Treaty. Considering that the experience to be gained from the dismantling of the first representative nuclear installations in the Community should be made available to all Member States, the Commission selected KRB-A as a pilot dismantling project for the 1989-93 R and D programme on the decommissioning of nuclear installations. The Commission, through shared-cost participation in specific parts of the project, intends promoting the use of advanced techniques and the performance of collateral investigations, in order to enhance the generation of useful knowledge and experience to serve in subsequent decommissioning tasks. In particular, the generation of specific data on costs, working hours and job doses as well as on the amount of created secondary waste is considered as an important objective of this project. The assessment of techniques and procedures will be performed in collaboration with CEN/SCK Mol and VAK-GmbH, which are decommissioning the Pressurised Water Reactor BR-3 and the VAK BWR, respectively. The results and conclusions of the assessment work undertaken in contract FI2D0002 are taken into account for the implementation of work in this contract. As a BWR, KRB-A is representative for such reactors, existing elsewhere in the Community. The first phase of the contract involves the dismantling and segmenting of contaminated components of the reactor building in air (partly with subsequent decontamination), and of activated internals of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) in remotely controlled underwater operation. Estimations of maximal values for specific contamination or activation are in the order of 10 superscript 4 and 10 superscript 6 Bq/square cm, respectively. The second phase contains the development of specific tools and the segmentation of further steel components and concrete structures as well as the development of procedures for the conditioning of molten steel (onion package) and of decontamination waste. General Information: WORK PROGRAMME. 1. Dismantling in air of contaminated and low-activated components of the reactor building, partly with subsequent decontaminating/melting. 1.1. Dismantling of a secondary steam generator with various tools (band saw, flame cutting). 1.2. Dismantling of a primary circulation pump by band saw. 1.3. Dismantling of a primary clean-up cooler with various tools (band saw, diamond-tipped wire saw). 1.4. Dismantling of a shutdown ...
Das Projekt "Projekt: BLUE BOX - Messsystem fuer Faehrschiffe; Vorhaben:" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von GO Systemelektronik GmbH durchgeführt. Blue Box - Messsystem fuer Faehrschiffe. Entwicklung und Herstellung eines automatisierten Messsystems zur Erfassung von Seewasserqualitaetsmerkmalen fuer den Routineeinsatz auf Faehrschiffen. Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen von MERMAID bilden die Grundlage fuer das Blue Box Projekt. Erarbeitete Einzelloesungen fuer Sensoren, Analog-, Digital-Elektronik, CAN-Bus sollen vom wissenschaftlichen Partner als Gesamtloesung eines vollstaendigen Mess- und Datenerfassungssystem zusammengefuehrt und unter fertigungs- und anwendungsorientierten Gesichtspunkten ueberarbeitet und als Funktionsmuster erstellt werden. Nach erfolgreichem Testbetrieb in der Landstation des Blue Box Projektes erfolgt die Erstellung erster Funktionsmuster fuer den Testbetrieb auf See. Diese Vorgehensweise soll nach Projektabschluss in einem ueberschaubaren Zeitraum zu einem marktfaehigen Produkt fuehren, das mit partiellen Modifizierungen auch Anwendungen fuer weitere Bereiche ausserhalb der Meeresmesstechnik zulaesst.
Das Projekt "Teilprojekt 2" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Bundesamt für Sera und Impfstoffe, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut durchgeführt. Von Hartung und Wendel wurde 1995 ein neuer Pyrogentest auf Basis von humanem Blut vorgeschlagen, der sich die menschliche Fieberreaktion zu Nutze macht. In der ersten Foerderperiode wurde die Methode mit dem Paul-Ehrlich-Institut fuer Biologische Arzneimittel evaluiert und praevalidiert. Parallel zu einer europaeischen Validierung der Methode im Ringversuch, in dem die Transferierbarkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit der Methode getestet wird, sollen hier diese Bestrebungen in zwei Punkten komplementiert werden: a) Fuer biologische Arzneimittel, die derzeit den Kaninchen-Pyrogentest vorsehen, sollen Pruefvorschriften erstellt und validiert werden. b) Die Kryokonservierung des Vollblutes, was eine Standardisierbarkeit und leichte Verfuegbarkeit verspricht und ein Schnelltest auf Basis von Pro-Interleukin-1ss oder sogar seiner mRNA soll erarbeitet werden. Es besteht die berechtigte Hoffnung, dass mit Abschluss der Arbeiten die endgueltige Abloesung des Kaninchen-Pyrogentests im Arzneibuch erfolgen kann.
Das Projekt "Abrasive water jet cutting technique from the stage of laboratory into real application" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hannover, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Institut für Werkstoffkunde durchgeführt. Objective: In order to qualify the cutting by abrasive water jets for application in contaminated or activated environment, the cutting techniques developed for laboratory application (CEC contracts FI1D0069 and FI1D0067) are to be adapted for remote-controlled application. Secondly, concepts for the handling of the secondary waste are to be developed and proved. First, the existing abrasive cutting head is to be adapted to remote-controlled work under a water shield up to 15 m, in an inaccessible environment. For this application, methods have to be implemented and proved to control the cutting operation, for instance the state of wear and the cutting results (e.g., depth of the kerf, cutting through). Additionally, parts showing wear are to be remotely replaced so as to allow long-term reproducible operation. The second step concerns investigations on the secondary waste. Besides a calculation of the composition and amount of secondary waste depending on cutting parameters, strategies will be developed and tested to catch the waste as close as possible at the place of production. Filtration techniques to separate abrasives and cut material from water and air will be adapted from other cutting techniques and will be tested. All tests will be carried out under no radioactive conditions, but at real scale in special water basins. The aim of this research work is to set up a tool which is suitable for work under realistic conditions. A control system and the remote replacement of worn parts are further important aims of this research work. General Information: WORK PROGRAMME: 1. Definition of cutting parameters for decommissioning purposes (UH-IW); 2. Development of controlling systems for processes parameters and the cutting result (UH-IW); 2.1. Preparation of a 2-dimensional feeding mechanism for underwater cutting tests. 2.2. Development of an on-line controlling system to detect the state of wear inside the cutting head. 2.3. Development and adaptation of controlling methods to verify the cutting result during or just after cutting. 2.4. Design of a cutting head which includes controlling systems, cutting tests to qualify the sensor systems. 3. Development of methods to remotely replace worn parts of the cutting head under water (UH-IW); 4. Characterization and handling of secondary waste; 4.1. Preparation of test facilities for measuring aerosols and suspended particles when cutting in air and under water (UH-IW). 4.2. Measurement and characterization of the secondary emissions when cutting or kerfing in air or under water (CEA). 4.3. Development of methods to lower the spreading out of emissions in air or under water (UH-IW). 4.4. Cutting tests to determine the efficiency of measures to lower the emissions and to determine the filtration systems (UH-IW, CEA). Achievements: In order to qualify cutting by abrasive water jets for application in contaminated or activated environments the cutting techniques developed for laboratory application ...
Das Projekt "Forschung und Entwicklung und deren Bedeutung fuer die Wasserwirtschaft" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Ecologic, Institut für Internationale und Europäische Umweltpolitik durchgeführt. In diesem Projekt wurde das Zusammenwirken von Wassermanagementsystem und nationalem Innovationssystem mit Bezug auf eine nachhaltige Entwicklung analysiert. Dazu wurde ein Forschungsverbund aus französischen, britischen, italienischen, spanischen und deutschen Partnern gebildet. Ecologic hat in diesem Projekt die Systeme und Mechanismen in Deutschland untersucht, sowie bei dem internationalen Vergleich mitgewirkt.
Das Projekt "Kohlevergasung in einem Fluessigeisenreaktor" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Klöckner Stahl GmbH durchgeführt. Objective: To establish the performance of coal gasification trials based on the principle of the molten iron reactor. General Information: The process is based on the simultaneous carbonization and decarbonization of liquid iron. In a vessel containing a high -carbon iron bath (hot metal), pulverized coal and oxygen are injected through tuyeres installed in the bottom. Lime or converted slag, in ground form, can also be injected through the bottom tuyeres. In a simplified way the following process runs auto thermically at a temperature in the range 1450c - 1550c: - the volatile components of the coal escape and are cracked: - the carbon is dissolved in the iron: - the coal ash together with added materials, such as steel plant slag or lime, forms a basic final slag; - the sulphur introduced by the coal is bound in the basic reactor slag. As well as in the reactor dust: - the coal dissolved in the molten iron reacts with the oxygen and thus generated the product gas. Achievements: In the 60 T converter the coal rate in the trial was 15 to 20T/H of a 14. 4 per cent ash and 29. 5 per cent volatile coal. The trials have shown that the molten bath temperature was stable during the gasification. The gas composition and the main pollutants concentration are given in table 1. Table1: Composition and pollutants in the gas produced by the Klockner process. CO 64 per cent, CO2 2-3 per cent, H2 30-31 per cent, CH4 730PPM, N2 3 per cent, H2S 2-70PPM, COS 5-28PPM, SO2+SO3 0-42PPM, CL 0. 2-7. 1PPM, F 0-3. 6PPM, HCN 0-4. 2PPM, NH3 0. 1-0. 9PPM. NOX 0. 1-0. 5PPM. - Primarily from carrier gas for coal transportation. Due to the high process temperature of 1 400 up to 1 500 C, as well the function of the molten iron, higher molecular hydrocarbons (tars) were not present. The concentrations of chlorine, flour cyanide of hydrogen, ammonia and nitrogen oxides are extremely low. Also the sulphur concentrations are low. This is a particularly interesting feature of this process compared to other gasification processes. The dust quantity was in the range of 20 to 60G/NM3 but this quantity will be easily reduced to about 5MG/NM3 by the gas cleaning system applied in steel making. The recirculation of fines is considered. The results show that the carbon losses can be limited to 1 to 2 per cent and that desulphurisation of the gases occurs partly in the converter stack. In a longer trial (67 T of coal), the converter lining and the tuyeres are in an excellent condition. The slag produced although containing 3 per cent sulphur - is suitable for the production of concrete, as a material for road construction and as fertilizer. The research work has been continued with subsidies of the Federal German Research Ministry.
Das Projekt "Development of a resource conserving and environmental protecting coking system: jumbo coking reactor" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Europäisches Entwicklungszentrum für Kokereitechnik durchgeführt. General Information: The new resource-conserving and environment protecting coking system is based on individual, independent Jumbo Coking Reactors with rigid side walls. The construction and process essentials of the new coking system are: 1) the individual reactor system with huge chamber dimensions and rigid side walls. 2. Coal pre-heating in direct combination with Coke Dry Quenching (CDQ). 3. Programmed Heating. 4. Integrated components and systems without environmental impact. The new coking system will be developed to operational maturity during the next 5 years on a Demonstration Plant which will be erected on the premises of the PROSPER Coke Plant and will include: 1. Two Jumbo Coking Reactors as prototypes of the two construction variations: the 'B' type with the bottom arranged regenerator (the traditional construction type), and the 'S' type with the side-arranged regenerator (a new construction approach with particular advantages). 2. A Pusher Machine. 3. Two Coke Cassettes for hot coke transfer and transportation to the CDQ plant. At the Demonstration Plant only: dry coke cooling. 4. A pre-heater and a permanently connected charging chain conveyor based on pre-carbon technology. Both reactor chambers will have the dimensions 850 mm x 10 m x 10 m and are exactly half the length of the first industrial design with a capacity of 100 t. coke/reactor. Both Jumbos have been laid out for pre-heated coal charging. At 1350 deg. C flue temperature a coking time of 24 hours is expected. The under firing will be carried out on the basis of lean gas only: i.e. blast furnace gas. At the Demonstration Plant the lean gas is a synthetic gas of a low colorific value made of coke oven gas and waste gas. The rigid side walls consist of I-beams (Jumbo 'B' type) and reinforced concrete (Jumbo 'S' type). The chamber-facing liners are made of super dense silica with a thickness of only 60 mm. A sophisticated high-tech heat insulation system will keep heat surface loss to a minimum. The door sealing is also a new approach of the engineering study group and has been designed on three different sealing levels, according to three different temperature levels (1000 deg. C, 400 degree C, 100 degree C). Prime Contractor: Europaeisches Entwicklungszentrum für Kokereitechnik; Essen; Germany.
Das Projekt "Verfahrenstechnische Aspekte bei der Kopplung von Methan zu Ethan und Ethylen durch partielle Oxidation" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Energietechnik, Fachgebiet Reaktionstechnik durchgeführt. Ziel ist es, die stoffliche Nutzung des limitierten Naturrohstoffes Erdgas (Methan) voranzutreiben. Angestrebte Produkte sind Ethan und Ethylen. Grundstoffe der chemischen Industrie, die bislang mittels energieintensiver petrochemischer Verfahren hergestellt werden.
Das Projekt "Kinetik und Mechanismen der Saeureerzeugung in Wolken und Niederschlaegen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (Otto-Hahn-Institut) durchgeführt. General Information: The research proposed herein will be conducted in collaboration with research groups at Leeds University and at C.E.R.L. where pulse techniques are in use for the study of radical reactions. The overall aim is to unravel the details of the radical chain oxidation mechanism for so2 in aqueous solution. It will be assumed that oh radicals are generated by photolysis of iron (iii)-hydroxyl ion complexes. The reaction of oh with sulfite and bisulfite then initiates the chain. Oxy-sulfur radicals so3, SO4 and SO5 have been proposed as intermediates in the overall reaction and their roles will have to be elucidated. The work at Mainz will concentrate on the identification of reaction intermediates by radical scavenging techniques, using chromatographic equipment for the determination of products. This involves the development of new analytical procedures. Two lines of research will be persued: one is to quantify the effectiveness of iron (iii) ion complexes as a photolytic source of oh by measuring the associated quantum yields. The other line of work will be devoted to the occurrence of so4 as an intermediate in the oxidation chain and conceivable reactions generating it. Achievements: The transition metal (specially manganese) catalysed mechanism may play a major role in the oxidation of sulphur dioxide in polluted boundary layer clouds, but uncertainties exist concerning the mechanisms and rates of these processes. Research was carried out in order to characterize the reactions of the free radicals involved in the chain mechanism and to investigate the photolysis of iron (III) hydrated complexes as a possible source of hydroxyl radicals. A good understanding of these processes is needed to assess their actual impact on sulphur dioxide oxidation in clouds over continents. A large number of reactions of the SO3(-), SO4(-) and SO5(-) radicals relevant to the oxidation of sulphur dioxide and sulphuric acid in cloud water chemistry have been investigated, using pulse radiolysis and laser photolysis methods. The data obtained have contributed to the identification and characterization of the individual reactions participating in the radical induced chain oxidation of sulphite to sulphate in aqueous solution. The mechanism for the oxidation of formaldehyde to formic acid by the hydroxyl radical has been established. The primary reaction between the hydroxyl radical and hydrated formaldehyde yields the hydrated formyl radical. The subsequent reactions of this radical, self reaction, reaction with oxygen and H2O2 were found to yield formic acid. This in cloud formation of formic acid could significantly contribute to the acidity of precipitation at remote sites. The reaction of formaldehyde with hydroxyl and sulphate radicals may play an important role in inhibiting the chain process of converting sulphur (IV) into sulphur (VI)...
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