Das Projekt "E 2.2: Contributions of expanded raw material availability and waste utilization to sustainable fruit processing in the tropics and subtropics" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Lebensmittelwissenschaft und Biotechnologie, Fachgebiet Lebensmittel pflanzlicher Herkunft (150d) durchgeführt. Since the beginning of the Uplands Program in 2000, subproject E2 has been aimed at adjusted strategies for the utilization of mangoes, lychees and longans. The whole processing chain from fruit production through fruit processing to marketing has been studied in an interdisciplinary approach together with subprojects D1.1 (Fruit production) and E3.1 (Market potential) in Thailand. Various levels, such as raw material quality as well as technological and economic evaluation of fruit processing, have been investigated. In fruit processing, technological focus has been on fluid mango products. Continuation of E2 in phase 2 of the Uplands Program aims at sustainable food processing on two levels. Regarding quality profiles of raw fruits for fresh marketing or processing, quality and food safety aspects of fruits produced out of season is in the center of attention, since increased capacity utilization is expected due to increase or extension of harvesting periods per year, which should be based on ecologically compatible fruit production. Continuing research on mango processing, material circulation in food processing is intended by utilization of waste from fruit processing to recover by-products, especially pectins as gelling and stabilizing agents or bioactive fiber, prior to the use of residual waste as feed, thus reducing disposal problems and increasing added value by processing of the whole raw material into high-value main and by-products. Investigating the long-term effects of present and new off-season fruit production techniques applied by D1.1-2 (Alternate bearing) on fruit yield and quality in terms of appearance, basic components such as soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamins and selected secondary plant metabolites (polyphenols), E2.2 is involved in the interdisciplinary research on the potential of off-season fruit production. Present public discussion on food safety, which is caused by increasing export problems due to exessive use of agrochemicals in Thailand, requires to test the effect of long-term application of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and KClO3. Both agrochemicals are presently used in root treatment of mango and longan trees, respectively, to induce flowering and off-season fruit production. Quantitative residue analyses in fruits will be performed by E2.2 applying GC-MS and HPLC. Conflicting reports on PBZ mobility in the plant support the need to prove the absence of non-tolerable PBZ residues in off-season mango fruits, thus strengthening the objective of D1.2 (Alternate bearing) in replacement of PBZ. Together with B2.2 (Agrochemical transport), residue analysis in the soil will be performed for the highly persistent triazolic plant growth regulator PBZ to monitor the impact of long-term application of PBZ on environmental risks in present off-season fruit production techniques over the period of phase 2. (abridged text)
Das Projekt "Logistics best practice (BESTLOG)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Technologie und Management, Fachgebiet Logistik durchgeführt. Objective: The decoupling of economic growth and the growth of transport represents a major objective within the European transport policy. The major contributor to transport growth has to be seen in the increased transport intensity of value creation. On the supply side, the non-optimal utilisation of transport capacities and modes contributes to the growth of transport, for example in the lack of acceptance of inter-modal transport. This has been a major issue for policy makers for many years. In order to get a better understanding of the interrelation between logistics decisions and transport demand, the EC supported a number of research projects, such as SULOGTRA, EUTRALOG and PROTRANS. As a result, substantial scientific evidence has been produced. However, to achieve the Commission objectives, these findings must be translated into the daily operations of shippers and logistics service providers.
Das Projekt "Mobility, Climate Change, Governance" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Freiburg, Institut für Kulturgeographie durchgeführt. Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. There is worldwide political consensus that the greenhouse effect is largely a result of human activities and that it is necessary to take action against this phenomenon over the next decades. In the transport sector, it will prove to be particularly difficult to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as the expected growth in transport volumes will outpace technological efficiency gains. Climate governance will thus become paramount in implementing low-carbon societies. The interdisciplinary research group at the FRIAS has a focus on linkages between mobility, climate change and governance. The main aim consists in thinking through and re-structuring this emerging field of research. Involving external experts and several partners at the University of Freiburg, a series of workshops will be held at the FRIAS to lay the ground for publications, research proposals and future cooperation.
Das Projekt "Prüfung und Umsetzung der nationalen und europäischen Normierungsprozesse für eine einheitliche Emissionsberechnung bei Transportdienstleistungen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Öko-Institut. Institut für angewandte Ökologie e.V. durchgeführt. Nach der Prognose von ProgTrans wird sich die gesamte Güterverkehrsleistung von 2005 bis 2050 auf mehr als 1200 Mrd. tkm verdoppeln und die vom Güterverkehr verursachten Umweltbelastungen werden weiter ansteigen. Voraussetzung für ein 'Carbon Management' bzw. aktiven Klimaschutz bei Speditionen und Logistikunternehmen ist die Kenntnis der CO2-Emissionen aller Prozesse. Aus diesem Grund startete 2009 das UFOPLAN-Vorhaben 'Carbon Footprint - Monitoring für den CO2-Ausstoß in der Logistikkette und Abbau von Hemmnissen zur Emissionsminderung' (FKZ 3709 45 139), das im Ergebnis zu einem Vorschlag für die einheitliche Berechnung von CO2-Emissionen im Logistikbereich führte. Die zugrunde liegenden Annahmen und Methoden wurden vom Auftragnehmer während dieses Vorhabens bereits in die nationalen und europäischen Normierungsprozesse (DIN bzw. CEN) eingebracht. Die entstandenen Normentwürfe befinden sich im Moment in der Kommentierungsphase. Um die erarbeitete Methodik auch in der nationalen und internationalen Norm zu verankern, soll im Rahmen eines Vorhabens zur 'Normierung der Emissionsberechnung bei Transportdienstleistungen' der Normierungsprozess geprüft und umgesetzt werden. Als Ergebnis soll eine Norm entstehen, die auch die im Auftrag des BMU erarbeiteten grundlegenden Annahmen und Methoden widerspiegeln. Die Norm verbessert die Handhabung der Logistikunternehmen zur Emissionsberechnung und unterstützt so die Bemühungen zum Klimaschutz bzw. das 'Carbon Management'. Nur durch die aktive Emissionsminderung auch von Seiten der Unternehmen ist es möglich, den mit dem Verkehrswachstum verbundenen Anstieg der CO2-Emissionen abzumildern.