Soil organisms in manure or organisms that colonize dung pats can be impacted by the application of veterinary medical products, especially parasiticides, to livestock. For this reason, the authorization process for veterinary medicinal products in the European Union and other countries includes a requirement for “higher-tier” tests when adverse effects on dung organisms can be detected in single-species toxicity tests. However, no guidance documents for the performance of higher-tier tests are available, so far. Therefore, an international research project was undertaken to develop and validate a proposed test method under varying field conditions of climate, soil, and endemic coprophilous fauna. The test took place at Lethbridge (Canada), Montpellier (France), Zurich (Switzerland), and Wageningen (The Netherlands). The aim of the project was to determine if fecal residues of a parasitide with known insecticidal activity (ivermectin) showed similar effects on insects breeding in dung of treated animals, coprophilous organisms in the soil beneath the dung, and rates of dung degradation. Veröffentlicht in Texte | 54/2017.
Press release from the Coordination Centre for Effects at the German Environment Agency Ecosystems such as forests, heaths and surface waters are more sensitive to atmospheric nitrogen pollution than previously thought, according to a report under the Geneva Air Convention of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (CCE). The report ( Review and revision of empirical critical loads of nitrogen for Europe ) provides revised and updated empirical threshold values (critical loads) for harmful nitrogen inputs to natural ecosystems. It is based on an analysis of new scientific data from the past 10 years by a team of 45 leading European nitrogen and ecosystem experts. In 40% of the ecosystem types reviewed, critical loads of nutrient nitrogen had to be adjusted downwards (more sensitive), in considerably less ecosystem types the value was adjusted upwards. Excess reactive nitrogen inputs disturb the nitrogen balance of ecosystems and endanger plant communities, soils, and biodiversity. Due to anthropogenic emissions, the current global biogeochemical flows of reactive nitrogen have been shifted far beyond the proposed planetary boundary, which is set to avoid the risk of generating irreversible changes to ecosystems and their biodiversity due to nitrogen pollution. The revised nitrogen threshold values emphasize even more the need to reduce the amount of reactive nitrogen entering the environment. Nitrogen is primarily emitted from agriculture, i.e. from livestock manure and fertilized fields (primarily as ammonia), but also from combustion processes in vehicles and industry (as nitrogen oxides). Mitigation is most urgently needed where sensitive ecosystems are located within or around agricultural regions with intensive farming of livestock or close to high-traffic motorways or heavy industry. In the Netherlands, the country with the highest livestock density in Europe, the government recently announced plans to compensate farmers for reducing their number of livestock in order to lower nitrogen pollution, in response to a court decision. This may serve as an example for other countries with high livestock densities, such as parts of Belgium and Germany, which also need to increase their efforts to reduce nitrogen pollution to protect sensitive ecosystems. Further information: The report was published on 24 October 2022 by the Coordination Centre for Effects, which operates under the Geneva Air Convention and is hosted by the German Environment Agency. About the CCE: The CCE is an organizational entity under the CLRTAP, the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollutionof the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ( UNECE ). The CLRTAP was signed in 1979 and came into force in 1983. It was the first international legally binding instrument to deal with problems of air pollution at a broader scale. The goal of the convention is to control air pollution and its effects and to develop an extensive programme for the monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transport of air pollutants.
Livestock by species. Counties, areas and provinces of Catalonia wich serves as the Spanish case study area within BESTMAP
Ermittelt werden die Bestände an Rindern, Schweinen, Schafen, Pferden und Geflügel allgemein oder repräsentativ. 1. allgemein alle vier Jahre, beginnend 2003, zum Berichtszeitpunkt 3. Mai : Rinder, Schweine, Schafe, Pferde und Geflügel 2. repräsentativ in jedem Jahr (mit Ausnahme der Jahre, in denen die Erhebung nach Nummer 1 stattfindet), beginnend 2002, zum Berichtszeitpunkt 3. Mai: Rinder, Schweine und Schafe 3. repräsentativ in jedem Jahr zum Berichtszeitpunkt 3. November: Rinder und Schweine.
Ermittelt werden die Merkmale des Grundprogramms der Agrarstrukturerhebung (Angaben der Bodennutzungshaupterhebung, der Erhebung über die Viehbestände und der Arbeitskräfteerhebung), die Rechtsstellung des Betriebsinhabers, die sozialökonomischen Verhältnisse des Betriebes, die gartenbaulich genutzten Flächen des Betriebes, die Flächen unter Glas und Kunststoff, die Lagerräume, die Betriebseinnahmen, die Vermarktung sowie die Berufsbildung des Betriebsleiters.
Kern der Agrarstrukturerhebung bildet das Grundprogramm mit den Angaben der Bodennutzungshaupterhebung, der Erhebung über die Viehbestände und der Arbeitskräfteerhebung in der Landwirtschaft. Das Ergänzungsprogramm umfasst einige, vor allem für die betriebsstatistischen Erhebungen wichtige Merkmale (Gewinnermittlung und Umsatzbesteuerung, sozialökonomische Verhältnisse, Anfall und Aufbringung tierischer Exkremente, Lagerkapazität bei Gülle, Eigentums- und Pachtverhältnisse an der LF, außerbetriebliche Erwerbs- und Unterhaltsquellen, Einkommenskombinationen, Umweltleistungen).
Das Projekt "F 2.2: Risk management of farm households in Northern Vietnam" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Agrar- und Sozialökonomie in den Tropen und Subtropen durchgeführt. Sub-project F2 Rural financial services and sustainable rural development in Northern Vietnam assessed in the 1st phase (July 2000 - June 2003) of the Uplands Program (SFB 564) the conditions of effective financial market functioning in rural Vietnam serving rural economic development with particular emphasis on sustainable agricultural production systems. The sub-project F2-1 analysed the factors that determine access to financial services, particularly credit and savings services, by farm households. The main results of the 1st phase of F2 were threefold. First, the so-called Conjoint Analysis showed that poor rural households are capable and willing to save. Second, the study of the secondary and primary data (118 households in Bac Kan province and 142 households in Son La province) indicated that the two state-owned rural development banks, the Vietnam Bank for the Poor (VBP) and the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (VBARD) together have already an enormous outreach as it concerns the supply of microcredit. The two banks reach 58Prozent of all rural households in Vietnam. Nevertheless, the microcredit is heavily restricted to specific uses, among the uses being the purchase of livestock, one of the most popular presently. Third, participatory workshops with the farm households revealed that the debtors perceive their livelihood as severely threatened by the risk of failing debt-financed investments and other individual risks. As a consequence to the manifold risks that a rural household is exposed to, the households have adopted risk coping strategies to smooth consumption, nevertheless, adaptive strategies to stabilize income are lacking. This can result in coping strategies focusing on the exploitation of natural resources and human capital resulting in unsustainable livelihoods. Based on these results, the consequent conclusion is that more research is needed regarding the third corner-stone of rural finance in developing countries, which is microinsurance. Acquiring microinsurance counts to the adaptive strategies of vulnerable households. In phase 2 (July 2003 - June 2006) of the Uplands Program, sub-project F2 will therefore concentrate its research on livelihood clusters of vulnerable rural households, and their adaptive and coping strategies regarding risks. While adaptive strategies are ex-ante strategies and aim at secure income even in times of crises, coping strategies are a reaction to acute risks and are employed ex-post. Informal social networks and semi-formal microinsurance schemes count to the former strategies and either keep vulnerability levels constant or even reduce them. The latter strategies try to smooth consumption, nevertheless, often at the expense of the future livelihood, thereby increasing vulnerability. (abridged text)
Das Projekt "Teilprojekt PIK" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung e.V. durchgeführt. The Knowledge Hub FACCE MACSUR brings together the excellence of research in modelling grasslands, livestock, crops, farms, and agricultural trade in order to illustrate to political decision makers how climate will affect regional farming systems and food production in Europe. To achieve this goal, MACSUR engages in a range of activities, including methodological comparisons of models and use of their outputs (scaling, uncertainty), linking of complementary models from different sectors, involvement of stakeholders, training of young scientists, and establishing a community of practice across a broad range of scientific disciplines.
Das Projekt "D 4.1: Livestock parasites and parasitic zoonoses in smallholder farming systems of Northern Vietnam" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Zoologie, Fachgebiet Parasitologie durchgeführt. 80Prozent of the Vietnamese population inhabits rural areas, which are dominated by agriculture. After rice production, animal husbandry is the 2nd most important agricultural activity. In the mountainous area of northwestern Vietnam, livestock production is mainly done in smallholder farms, with each farmer keeping small numbers of a variety of species including pigs, cattle, buffaloes, goats and poultry. Within this area dominated by economic constraints, smallholder farming differs according to the distance to towns where market outlets exist. While farmers in valleys (near roads or towns) use e.g. pig production for income generation, the more remote mountain slopes are dominated by subsistence farming. In adaptation to this, different husbandry practices exist, and different animal species / breeds are raised. Generally, pigs are the most important animal species both as a meat source and for sale. While local pig genotypes are gradually being replaced by high yielding exotic breeds in large areas of Vietnam, this development is only slowly reaching the more remote areas of the northwest. Presently, aspects of resource utilization with regard to different animal breeds are under investigation (cf. sub-project D2.2 (Livestock effiency)). However, the impact of this development on aspects of veterinary and public health importance have not been addressed so far, although the transmission of economically important livestock pathogens and zoonotic diseases are intricately linked to husbandry practices and animal genotypes. Several species of livestock parasites not only have economic importance due to their impact on the quality and quantity of animal products, but are causative agents for human disease. Due to the complex life cycles of most parasites - which involve different host species and obligatory host changes - the locally prevailing conditions of animal husbandry, slaughtering facilities and marketing practises have a drastic influence on the transmission intensity. Many parasitic diseases can be effectively controlled by improved slaughtering practises (meat inspection) and information on preventive behaviour to farmers and distributors. However, small scale farming usually favours disease transmission due to uncontrolled home slaughter with unsafe offal disposal and generally unhygienic conditions. Therefore, any changes in animal production systems and the introduction of new animal genotypes is likely to have an impact on parasite transmission and public health, which has to be taken into account when evaluating the local acceptance and sustainability of such systems. In a first phase of this project, prevalence surveys of various parasite species in livestock (pigs, cattle, buffaloes, goats) will be carried out in an area of Son La Province, which includes different types of animal husbandry. (abridged text)
Herr Josef Wieser hat mit Antragsunterlagen vom 17.03.2020 die beschränkte wasserrechtliche Erlaubnis zur Abteufung eines Brunnens auf dem Grundstück Fl. Nr. 382, Gemarkung Münchham, Gemeinde Ering, Landkreis Rottal-Inn, zum Zweck der Entnahme von Wasser für die Trink- und Brauchwasserversorgung der Anwesen Wies 1 und Wies 2, samt Milch-kammer und Viehtränke beantragt. Die jährliche geplante Gesamtentnahmemenge beläuft sich auf 4.890 m3.
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