In the frame of the project microbial turnover processes of phosphorous shall be investigated in forest soils and drivers for the corresponding populations as well as their activity pattern shall be described. Furthermore microbial transport and uptake systems for phosphorous should be characterized to understand the competition between plants and microbes for phosphorous in more detail, in relation to the availability of phosphorous and other nutrients. Therefore it is planned to investigate different soil compartments with different nutrient amounts (litter layer - rhizosphere - bulk soil). To reach the described goal molecular metagenomic methods will be used to characterize the structure and function of microbial communities as well as to describe the regulation of selected important pathways. In addition quantitative real time PCR and enzymatic measurements will be used to describe the abundance and activity of the corresponding populations and to describe their relevance for P turnover in the different soil compartments under investigation. With this we hope to reconstruct mainly the microbial phosphorous cycle and give important data to improve the model development of P dynamics in forest soils.
In this project, we will investigate the spatial heterogeneity of soil phosphorus (concentration of total P, P speciation) in soils with different P status with modern analytical (synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy and spectromicroscopy) and geostatistical methods at different scales (soil aggregates: (sub)micron to mm scale; particular regions of soil profiles (e.g. root channels, surrounding of stones): mm to dm scale; entire soil profiles: dm to m scale; selected patches of the forest stand: m to 5m scale). We expect that our results will provide new insights about spatial heterogeneity patterns of soil P concentration and P speciation in forest soils and their relevance for P availability and P nutritional status of Norway spruce and European beech.
Es wird ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Morphometrie einer Reihe von Hauptholzarten und deren Stammabfluss hergestellt, um hieraus die wichtigsten bestandeshydrologischen Daten (Interzeption, Waldbodenniederschlag usw.) abzuleiten. Das Ziel der Untersuchung besteht darin, aufgrund von Luftbildaufnahmen, die die Morphometrie von Baeumen mit zu erfassen Imstande sind, Waldnettoniederschlagskarten zu fertigen, um die Wasserhaushaltsgroessen bewaldeter Gebiete genauer eingrenzen zu koennen.
The hypothesis that the dark septate root endophyte Phialocephala fortinii provides biological control of Phytophthora diseases to trees is tested under two temperature regimes. Phytophthora spp. are very aggressive plant pathogens affecting also woody plants in the natural environment. Studies on biological control of Phytophthora diseases are scarce, but antagonistic effects of endophytic fungi have been demonstrated in a few cases. In temperate and boreal forests, conifers are much less susceptible to Phytophthora diseases than deciduous broadleaf trees, whereas their roots are very frequently colonized by dark septate endophytes (DSE) with Phialocephala fortinii s.l., a supposedly asexual ascomycete, being the dominant component. This fungus also colonizes hardwoods, but to a lesser degree. Recent population genetic studies showed that P. fortinii s.l. consists of at least 15 reproductively isolated cryptic species (CSP). We hypothesise that P. fortinii s.l. may protect its host from Phytophthora disease depending on CSP and environmental conditions. A model system will be developed and applied to test this hypothesis using Norway spruce (Picea abies), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Phytophthora citricola. The experimental program will be multidisciplinary in approach and include molecular, mycological, phytopathological (infection experiments, epifluorescence microscopy) and statistical methods.
Populations of P. fortinii from allover Europe are examined using microsatellites to construct gene genealogies and infer evolutionary history. The tree-root endophyte Phialocephala fortinii s.l. (mitosporic Ascomycota) is the dominant colonizer of conifer root systems in forests in the northern hemisphere. P. fortinii s.l. is genetically highly diverse and forms a complex of several cryptic species. Recombination occurs or has occurred within cryptic species and to some extent also among them (introgression). Cryptic species occur sympatrically and they can form large thalli, but it remains unclear whether the observed patterns of spatial distribution reflect local climax situations or are the results of recent gene and genotype flow. One of the key objectives will be to estimate population genetic parameters (eg. migration rates, genotype flow, recombination) within and among populations of cryptic species in forests where man-mediated genotype flow can be excluded. Other key objectives are the determination of the number, frequency, distribution and evolutionary history of the cryptic species in Europe and to identify the driving forces for speciation. The approach will be multidisciplinary and will include standard mycological and microbiological methods as well as molecular genetic techniques such as microsatellite fingerprinting and DNA sequencing. The evolutionary history of haplotypes at both the population and species level will be reconstructed and the results will be compared with known patterns of pleistocenic glaciations and postglacial recolonization of host trees. The project will be a significant contribution to the understanding of the population and evolutionary genetics of a versatile and ecologically extremely successful fungal genus and it will shed light on the effects of pleistocenic and postglacial climatic changes on fungal speciation.
Bleibelastung der Waldböden in mg pro kg
Zinkbelastung der Waldböden in mg pro kg
Benzo(a)pyrenbelastung der Waldböden in mg pro kg
Kupferbelastung der Waldböden in mg pro kg
Cadmiumbelastung der Waldböden in mg pro kg
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