API src

Found 247 results.

Related terms

Markt für Gold

technologyComment of gold mine operation and refining (SE): OPEN PIT MINING: The ore is mined in four steps: drilling, blasting, loading and hauling. In the case of a surface mine, a pattern of holes is drilled in the pit and filled with explosives. The explosives are detonated in order to break up the ground so large shovels or front-end loaders can load it into haul trucks. ORE AND WASTE HAULAGE: The haul trucks transport the ore to various areas for processing. The grade and type of ore determine the processing method used. Higher-grade ores are taken to a mill. Lower grade ores are taken to leach pads. Some ores may be stockpiled for later processing. HEAP LEACHING: The ore is crushed or placed directly on lined leach pads where a dilute cyanide solution is applied to the surface of the heap. The solution percolates down through the ore, where it leaches the gold and flows to a central collection location. The solution is recovered in this closed system. The pregnant leach solution is fed to electrowinning cells and undergoes the same steps as described below from Electro-winning. ORE PROCESSING: Milling: The ore is fed into a series of grinding mills where steel balls grind the ore to a fine slurry or powder. Oxidization and leaching: Some types of ore require further processing before gold is recovered. In this case, the slurry is pressure-oxidized in an autoclave before going to the leaching tanks or a dry powder is fed through a roaster in which it is oxidized using heat before being sent to the leaching tanks as a slurry. The slurry is thickened and runs through a series of leaching tanks. The gold in the slurry adheres to carbon in the tanks. Stripping: The carbon is then moved into a stripping vessel where the gold is removed from the carbon by pumping a hot caustic solution through the carbon. The carbon is later recycled. Electro-winning: The gold-bearing solution is pumped through electro-winning cells or through a zinc precipitation circuit where the gold is recovered from the solution. Smelting: The gold is then melted in a furnace at about 1’064°C and poured into moulds, creating doré bars. Doré bars are unrefined gold bullion bars containing between 60% and 95% gold. References: Newmont (2004) How gold is mined. Newmont. Retrieved from http://www.newmont.com/en/gold/howmined/index.asp technologyComment of gold production (US): OPEN PIT MINING: The ore is mined in four steps: drilling, blasting, loading and hauling. In the case of a surface mine, a pattern of holes is drilled in the pit and filled with explosives. The explosives are detonated in order to break up the ground so large shovels or front-end loaders can load it into haul trucks. UNDERGROUND MINING: Some ore bodies are more economically mined underground. In this case, a tunnel called an adit or a shaft is dug into the earth. Sort tunnels leading from the adit or shaft, called stopes, are dug to access the ore. The surface containing the ore, called a face, is drilled and loaded with explosives. Following blasting, the broken ore is loaded onto electric trucks and taken to the surface. Once mining is completed in a particular stope, it is backfilled with a cement compound. BENEFICIATION: Bald Mountain Mines: The ore treatment method is based on conventional heap leaching technology followed by carbon absorption. The loaded carbon is stripped and refined in the newly commissioned refinery on site. Water is supplied by wells located on the mine property. Grid power was brought to Bald Mountain Mine in 1996. For this purpose, one 27-kilometre 69 KVA power line was constructed from the Alligator Ridge Mine substation to the grid. Golden Sunlight Mines: The ore treatment plant is based on conventional carbon-in-pulp technology, with the addition of a Sand Tailings Retreatment (STR) gold recovery plant to recover gold that would otherwise be lost to tailings. The STR circuit removes the heavier gold bearing pyrite from the sand portion of the tailings by gravity separation. The gold is refined into doré at the mine. Tailing from the mill is discharged to an impoundment area where the solids are allowed to settle so the water can be reused. A cyanide recovery/destruction process was commissioned in 1998. It eliminates the hazard posed to wildlife at the tailings impoundment by lowering cyanide concentrations below 20 mg/l. Fresh water for ore processing, dust suppression, and fire control is supplied from the Jefferson Slough, which is an old natural channel of the Jefferson River. Ore processing also uses water pumped from the tailings impoundment. Pit water is treated in a facility located in the mill complex prior to disposal or for use in dust control. Drinking water is made available by filtering fresh water through an on-site treatment plant. Electric power is provided from a substation at the south property boundary. North-Western Energy supplies electricity the substation. Small diesel generators are used for emergency lighting. A natural gas pipeline supplies gas for heating buildings, a crusher, air scrubber, boiler, carbon reactivation kiln, and refining furnaces. Cortez Mine: Three different metallurgical processes are employed for the recovery of gold. The process used for a particular ore is determined based on grade and metallurgical character of that ore. Lower grade oxide ore is heap leached, while higher-grade non-refractory ore is treated in a conventional mill using cyanidation and a carbon-in-leach (“CIL”) process. When carbonaceous ore is processed by Barrick, it is first dry ground, and then oxidized in a circulating fluid bed roaster, followed by CIL recovery. In 2002 a new leach pad and process plant was commissioned; this plant is capable of processing 164 million tonnes of heap leach ore over the life of the asset. Heap leach ore production is hauled directly to heap leach pads for gold recovery. Water for process use is supplied from the open pit dewatering system. Approximately 90 litres per second of the pit dewatering volume is diverted for plant use. Electric power is supplied by Sierra Pacific Power Company (“SPPC”) through a 73 kilometre, 120 kV transmission line. A long-term agreement is in place with SPPC to provide power through the regulated power system. The average power requirement of the mine is about 160 GWh/year. REFINING: Wohlwill electrolysis. It is assumed that the gold doré-bars from both mines undergo the treatment of Wohlwill electrolysis. This process uses an electrolyte containing 2.5 mol/l of HCl and 2 mol/l of HAuCl4 acid. Electrolysis is carried out with agitation at 65 – 75 °C. The raw gold is intro-duced as cast anode plates. The cathodes, on which the pure gold is deposited, were for many years made of fine gold of 0.25 mm thickness. These have now largely been replaced by sheet titanium or tantalum cathodes, from which the thick layer of fine gold can be peeled off. In a typical electrolysis cell, gold anodes weighing 12 kg and having dimensions 280×230×12 mm (0.138 m2 surface) are used. Opposite to them are conductively connected cathode plates, arranged by two or three on a support rail. One cell normally contains five or six cathode units and four or five anodes. The maximum cell voltage [V] is 1.5 V and the maximum anodic current density [A] 1500 A/m2. The South African Rand refinery gives a specific gold production rate of 0.2 kg per hour Wohlwill electrolysis. Assuming a current efficiency of 95% the energy consumption is [V] x [A] / 0.2 [kg/h] = 1.63 kWh per kg gold refined. No emissions are assumed because of the purity and the high value of the material processed. The resulting sludge contains the PGM present in the electric scrap and is sold for further processing. OTHER MINES: Information about the technology used in the remaining mines is described in the References. WATER EMISSIONS: Water effluents are discharged into rivers. References: Auerswald D. A. and Radcliffe P. H. (2005) Process technology development at Rand Refinery. In: Minerals Engineering, 18(8), pp. 748-753, Online-Version under: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2005.03.011. Newmont (2004) How gold is mined. Newmont. Retrieved from http://www.newmont.com/en/gold/howmined/index.asp Renner H., Schlamp G., Hollmann D., Lüschow H. M., Rothaut J., Knödler A., Hecht C., Schlott M., Drieselmann R., Peter C. and Schiele R. (2002) Gold, Gold Alloys, and Gold Compounds. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Online version, posting date: September 15, 2000 Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Online-Version under: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a12_ 499. Barrick (2006b) Environment: Performance Tables from http://www.barrick. com/Default.aspx?SectionID=8906c4bd-4ee4-4f15-bf1b-565e357c01e1& LanguageId=1 Newmont (2005b) Now & Beyond: Sustainability Reports. Newmont Mining Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.newmont.com/en/social/reporting/ index.asp technologyComment of gold production (CA): OPEN PIT MINING: The ore is mined in four steps: drilling, blasting, loading and hauling. In the case of a surface mine, a pattern of holes is drilled in the pit and filled with explosives. The explosives are detonated in order to break up the ground so large shovels or front-end loaders can load it into haul trucks. UNDERGROUND MINING: Some ore bodies are more economically mined underground. In this case, a tunnel called an adit or a shaft is dug into the earth. Sort tunnels leading from the adit or shaft, called stopes, are dug to access the ore. The surface containing the ore, called a face, is drilled and loaded with explosives. Following blasting, the broken ore is loaded onto electric trucks and taken to the surface. Once mining is completed in a particular stope, it is backfilled with a cement compound. ORE AND WASTE HAULAGE: The haul trucks transport the ore to various areas for processing. The grade and type of ore determine the processing method used. Higher-grade ores are taken to a mill. Lower grade ores are taken to leach pads. Some ores may be stockpiled for later processing. BENEFICIATION: In the Porcupine Mines, gold is recovered using a combination of gravity concentration, milling and cyanidation techniques. The milling process consists of primary crushing, secondary crushing, rod/ball mill grinding, gravity concentration, cyanide leaching, carbon-in-pulp gold recovery, stripping, electrowinning and refining. In the Campbell Mine, the ore from the mine, after crushing and grinding, is processed by gravity separation, flotation, pressure oxidation, cyanidation and carbon-in-pulp process followed by electro-winning and gold refining to doré on site. The Musselwhite Mine uses gravity separation, carbon in pulp, electro¬winning and gold refining to doré on site. REFINING: Wohlwill electrolysis. It is assumed that the gold doré-bars from both mines undergo the treatment of Wohlwill electrolysis. This process uses an electrolyte containing 2.5 mol/l of HCl and 2 mol/l of HAuCl4 acid. Electrolysis is carried out with agitation at 65 – 75 °C. The raw gold is intro-duced as cast anode plates. The cathodes, on which the pure gold is deposited, were for many years made of fine gold of 0.25 mm thickness. These have now largely been replaced by sheet titanium or tantalum cathodes, from which the thick layer of fine gold can be peeled off. In a typical electrolysis cell, gold anodes weighing 12 kg and having dimensions 280×230×12 mm (0.138 m2 surface) are used. Opposite to them are conductively connected cathode plates, arranged by two or three on a support rail. One cell normally contains five or six cathode units and four or five anodes. The maximum cell voltage [V] is 1.5 V and the maximum anodic current density [A] 1500 A/m2. The South African Rand refinery gives a specific gold production rate of 0.2 kg per hour Wohlwill electrolysis. Assuming a current efficiency of 95% the energy consumption is [V] x [A] / 0.2 [kg/h] = 1.63 kWh per kg gold refined. No emissions are assumed because of the purity and the high value of the material processed. The resulting sludge contains the PGM present in the electric scrap and is sold for further processing. WATER EMISSIONS: Effluents are discharged into the ocean. REFERENCES: Newmont (2004) How gold is mined. Newmont. Retrieved from http://www.newmont.com/en/gold/howmined/index.asp Renner H., Schlamp G., Hollmann D., Lüschow H. M., Rothaut J., Knödler A., Hecht C., Schlott M., Drieselmann R., Peter C. and Schiele R. (2002) Gold, Gold Alloys, and Gold Compounds. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Online version, posting date: September 15, 2000 Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Online-Version under: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a12_ 499. Auerswald D. A. and Radcliffe P. H. (2005) Process technology development at Rand Refinery. In: Minerals Engineering, 18(8), pp. 748-753, Online-Version under: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2005.03.011. technologyComment of gold production (AU): OPEN PIT MINING: The ore is mined in four steps: drilling, blasting, loading and hauling. In the case of a surface mine, a pattern of holes is drilled in the pit and filled with explosives. The explosives are detonated in order to break up the ground so large shovels or front-end loaders can load it into haul trucks. UNDERGROUND MINING: Some ore bodies are more economically mined underground. In this case, a tunnel called an adit or a shaft is dug into the earth. Sort tunnels leading from the adit or shaft, called stopes, are dug to access the ore. The surface containing the ore, called a face, is drilled and loaded with explosives. Following blasting, the broken ore is loaded onto electric trucks and taken to the surface. Once mining is completed in a particular stope, it is backfilled with a cement compound. ORE AND WASTE HAULAGE: The haul trucks transport the ore to various areas for processing. The grade and type of ore determine the processing method used. Higher-grade ores are taken to a mill. Lower grade ores are taken to leach pads. Some ores may be stockpiled for later processing. LEACHING: The ore is crushed or placed directly on lined leach pads where a dilute cyanide solution is applied to the surface of the heap. The solution percolates down through the ore, where it leaches the gold and flows to a central collection location. The solution is recovered in this closed system. The pregnant leach solution is fed to electrowinning cells and undergoes the same steps as described below from Electro-winning. ORE PROCESSING: Milling: The ore is fed into a series of grinding mills where steel balls grind the ore to a fine slurry or powder. Oxidization and leaching: Some types of ore require further processing before gold is recovered. In this case, the slurry is pressure-oxidized in an autoclave before going to the leaching tanks or a dry powder is fed through a roaster in which it is oxidized using heat before being sent to the leaching tanks as a slurry. The slurry is thickened and runs through a series of leaching tanks. The gold in the slurry adheres to carbon in the tanks. Stripping: The carbon is then moved into a stripping vessel where the gold is removed from the carbon by pumping a hot caustic solution through the carbon. The carbon is later recycled. Electro-winning: The gold-bearing solution is pumped through electro-winning cells or through a zinc precipitation circuit where the gold is recovered from the solution. Smelting: The gold is then melted in a furnace at about 1’064°C and poured into moulds, creating doré bars. Doré bars are unrefined gold bullion bars containing between 60% and 95% gold. REFINING: Wohlwill electrolysis. It is assumed that the gold doré-bars from both mines undergo the treatment of Wohlwill electrolysis. This process uses an electrolyte containing 2.5 mol/l of HCl and 2 mol/l of HAuCl4 acid. Electrolysis is carried out with agitation at 65 – 75 °C. The raw gold is intro-duced as cast anode plates. The cathodes, on which the pure gold is deposited, were for many years made of fine gold of 0.25 mm thickness. These have now largely been replaced by sheet titanium or tantalum cathodes, from which the thick layer of fine gold can be peeled off. In a typical electrolysis cell, gold anodes weighing 12 kg and having dimensions 280×230×12 mm (0.138 m2 surface) are used. Opposite to them are conductively connected cathode plates, arranged by two or three on a support rail. One cell normally contains five or six cathode units and four or five anodes. The maximum cell voltage [V] is 1.5 V and the maximum anodic current density [A] 1500 A/m2. The South African Rand refinery gives a specific gold production rate of 0.2 kg per hour Wohlwill electrolysis. Assuming a current efficiency of 95% the energy consumption is [V] x [A] / 0.2 [kg/h] = 1.63 kWh per kg gold refined. No emissions are assumed because of the purity and the high value of the material processed. The resulting sludge contains the PGM present in the electric scrap and is sold for further processing. WATER EMISSIONS: Water effluents are discharged into rivers. REFERENCES: Newmont (2004) How gold is mined. Newmont. Retrieved from http://www.newmont.com/en/gold/howmined/index.asp Renner H., Schlamp G., Hollmann D., Lüschow H. M., Rothaut J., Knödler A., Hecht C., Schlott M., Drieselmann R., Peter C. and Schiele R. (2002) Gold, Gold Alloys, and Gold Compounds. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Online version, posting date: September 15, 2000 Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Online-Version under: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a12_ 499. Auerswald D. A. and Radcliffe P. H. (2005) Process technology development at Rand Refinery. In: Minerals Engineering, 18(8), pp. 748-753, Online-Version under: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2005.03.011. technologyComment of gold production (TZ): The mining of ore from open pit and underground mines is considered. technologyComment of gold refinery operation (ZA): REFINING: The refinery, which provides a same day refining service, employs the widely used Miller Chlorination Process to upgrade the gold bullion it receives from mines to at least 99.50% fine gold, the minimum standard required for gold sold on the world bullion markets. It also employs the world’s leading silver refining technology. To further refine gold and silver to 99.99% the cost-effective once-through Wohlwill electrolytic refining process is used. MILLER CHLORINATION PROCESS: This is a pyrometallurgical process whereby gold dore is heated in furnace crucibles. The process is able to separate gold from impurities by using chlorine gas which is added to the crucibles once the gold is molten. Chlorine gas does not react with gold but will combine with silver and base metals to form chlorides. Once the chlorides have formed they float to the surface as slag or escape as volatile gases. The surface melt and the fumes containing the impurities are collected and further refined to extract the gold and silver. This process can take up to 90 minutes produces gold which is at least 99.5% pure with silver being the main remaining component. This gold can be cast into bars as 99.5% gold purity meets the minimum London Good Delivery. However some customers such as jewellers and other industrial end users require gold that is almost 100% pure, so further refining is necessary. In this case, gold using the Miller process is cast into anodes which are then sent to an electrolytic plant. The final product is 99.99% pure gold sponge that can then be melted to produce various end products suited to the needs of the customer. WOHLWILL PROCESS - The electrolytic method of gold refining was first developed by Dr. Emil Wohlwill of Norddeutsche Affinerie in Hamburg in 1874. Dr. Wohlwill’s process is based on the solubility of gold but the insolubility of silver in an electrolyte solution of gold chloride (AuCl3) in hydrochloric acid. Figure below provide the overview of the refining process (source Rand Refinery Brochure) imageUrlTagReplace7f46a8e2-2df0-4cf4-99a8-2878640be562 Emissions includes also HCl to air: 7.48e-03 Calculated from rand refinery scrubber and baghouse emmission values Metal concentrators, Emmision report 2016 http://www.environmentalconsultants.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Appendix-D1.pdf technologyComment of gold refinery operation (RoW): REFINING: The refinery, which provides a same day refining service, employs the widely used Miller Chlorination Process to upgrade the gold bullion it receives from mines to at least 99.50% fine gold, the minimum standard required for gold sold on the world bullion markets. It also employs the world’s leading silver refining technology. To further refine gold and silver to 99.99% the cost-effective once-through Wohlwill electrolytic refining process is used. MILLER CHLORINATION PROCESS: This is a pyrometallurgical process whereby gold dore is heated in furnace crucibles. The process is able to separate gold from impurities by using chlorine gas which is added to the crucibles once the gold is molten. Chlorine gas does not react with gold but will combine with silver and base metals to form chlorides. Once the chlorides have formed they float to the surface as slag or escape as volatile gases. The surface melt and the fumes containing the impurities are collected and further refined to extract the gold and silver. This process can take up to 90 minutes produces gold which is at least 99.5% pure with silver being the main remaining component. This gold can be cast into bars as 99.5% gold purity meets the minimum London Good Delivery. However some customers such as jewellers and other industrial end users require gold that is almost 100% pure, so further refining is necessary. In this case, gold using the Miller process is cast into anodes which are then sent to an electrolytic plant. The final product is 99.99% pure gold sponge that can then be melted to produce various end products suited to the needs of the customer. WOHLWILL PROCESS - The electrolytic method of gold refining was first developed by Dr. Emil Wohlwill of Norddeutsche Affinerie in Hamburg in 1874. Dr. Wohlwill’s process is based on the solubility of gold but the insolubility of silver in an electrolyte solution of gold chloride (AuCl3) in hydrochloric acid. Figure below provide the overview of the refining process (source Rand Refinery Brochure) imageUrlTagReplace7f46a8e2-2df0-4cf4-99a8-2878640be562 Emissions includes also HCl to air: 7.48e-03 Calculated from rand refinery scrubber and baghouse emmission values Metal concentrators, Emmision report 2016 http://www.environmentalconsultants.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Appendix-D1.pdf technologyComment of gold-silver mine operation with refinery (PG): OPEN PIT MINING: The ore is mined in four steps: drilling, blasting, loading and hauling. In the case of a surface mine, a pattern of holes is drilled in the pit and filled with explosives. The explosives are detonated in order to break up the ground so large shovels or front-end loaders can load it into haul trucks. ORE AND WASTE HAULAGE: The haul trucks transport the ore to various areas for processing. The grade and type of ore determine the processing method used. Higher-grade ores are taken to a mill. Lower grade ores are taken to leach pads. Some ores may be stockpiled for later processing. HEAP LEACHING: The recovery processes of the Misima Mine are cyanide leach and carbon in pulp (CIP). The ore is crushed or placed directly on lined leach pads where a dilute cyanide solution is applied to the surface of the heap. The solution percolates down through the ore, where it leaches the gold and flows to a central collection location. The solution is recovered in this closed system. The pregnant leach solution is fed to electrowinning cells and undergoes the same steps as described below from Electro-winning. ORE PROCESSING: Milling: The ore is fed into a series of grinding mills where steel balls grind the ore to a fine slurry or powder. Oxidization and leaching: The recovery process in the Porgera Mine is pressure oxidation and cyanide leach. The slurry is pressure-oxidized in an autoclave before going to the leaching tanks or a dry powder is fed through a roaster in which it is oxidized using heat before being sent to the leaching tanks as a slurry. The slurry is thickened and runs through a series of leaching tanks. The gold in the slurry adheres to carbon in the tanks. Stripping: The carbon is then moved into a stripping vessel where the gold is removed from the carbon by pumping a hot caustic solution through the carbon. The carbon is later recycled. Electro-winning: The gold-bearing solution is pumped through electro-winning cells or through a zinc precipitation circuit where the gold is recovered from the solution. Smelting: The gold is then melted in a furnace at about 1’064°C and poured into moulds, creating doré bars. Doré bars are unrefined gold bullion bars containing between 60% and 95% gold. WATER SUPPLY: For Misima Mine, process water is supplied from pit dewatering bores and in-pit water. Potable water is sourced from boreholes in the coastal limestone. For Porgera Mine, the main water supply of the mine is the Waile Creek Dam, located approximately 7 kilometres from the mine. The reservoir has a capacity of approximately 717, 000 m3 of water. Water for the grinding circuit is also extracted from Kogai Creek, which is located adjacent to the grinding circuit. The mine operates four water treatment plants for potable water and five sewage treatment plants. ENERGY SUPPLY: For Misima Mine, electricity is produced by the mine on site or with own power generators, from diesel and heavy fuel oil. For Porgera Mine, electricity is produced by the mine on site. Assumed with Mobius / Wohlwill electrolysis. Porgera's principal source of power is supplied by a 73-kilometre transmission line from the gas fired and PJV-owned Hides Power Station. The station has a total output of 62 megawatts (“MW”). A back up diesel power station is located at the mine and has an output of 13MW. The average power requirement of the mine is about 60 MW. For both Misima and Porgera Mines, an 18 MW diesel fired power station supplies electrical power. Diesel was used in the station due to the unavailability of previously supplied heavy fuel oil. technologyComment of gold-silver mine operation with refinery (CA-QC): One of the modelled mine is an open-pit mine and the two others are underground. technologyComment of gold-silver mine operation with refinery (RoW): The mining of ore from open pit mines is considered. technologyComment of platinum group metal, extraction and refinery operations (ZA): The ores from the different ore bodies are processed in concentrators where a PGM concentrate is produced with a tailing by product. The PGM base metal concentrate product from the different concentrators processing the different ores are blended during the smelting phase to balance the sulphur content in the final matte product. Smelter operators also carry out toll smelting from third part concentrators. The smelter product is send to the Base metal refinery where the PGMs are separated from the Base Metals. Precious metal refinery is carried out on PGM concentrate from the Base metal refinery to split the PGMs into individual metal products. Water analyses measurements for Anglo Platinum obtained from literature (Slatter et.al, 2009). Mudd, G., 2010. Platinum group metals: a unique case study in the sustainability of mineral resources, in: The 4th International Platinum Conference, Platinum in Transition “Boom or Bust.” Water share between MC and EC from Mudd (2010). Mudd, G., 2010. Platinum group metals: a unique case study in the sustainability of mineral resources, in: The 4th International Platinum Conference, Platinum in Transition “Boom or Bust.” technologyComment of primary zinc production from concentrate (RoW): The technological representativeness of this dataset is considered to be high as smelting methods for zinc are consistent in all regions. Refined zinc produced pyro-metallurgically represents less than 5% of global zinc production and less than 2% of this dataset. Electrometallurgical Smelting The main unit processes for electrometallurgical zinc smelting are roasting, leaching, purification, electrolysis, and melting. In both electrometallurgical and pyro-metallurgical zinc production routes, the first step is to remove the sulfur from the concentrate. Roasting or sintering achieves this. The concentrate is heated in a furnace with operating temperature above 900 °C (exothermic, autogenous process) to convert the zinc sulfide to calcine (zinc oxide). Simultaneously, sulfur reacts with oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide, which is subsequently converted to sulfuric acid in acid plants, usually located with zinc-smelting facilities. During the leaching process, the calcine is dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid solution (re-circulated back from the electrolysis cells) to produce aqueous zinc sulfate solution. The iron impurities dissolve as well and are precipitated out as jarosite or goethite in the presence of calcine and possibly ammonia. Jarosite and goethite are usually disposed of in tailing ponds. Adding zinc dust to the zinc sulfate solution facilitates purification. The purification of leachate leads to precipitation of cadmium, copper, and cobalt as metals. In electrolysis, the purified solution is electrolyzed between lead alloy anodes and aluminum cathodes. The high-purity zinc deposited on aluminum cathodes is stripped off, dried, melted, and cast into SHG zinc ingots (99.99 % zinc). Pyro-metallurgical Smelting The pyro-metallurgical smelting process is based on the reduction of zinc and lead oxides into metal with carbon in an imperial smelting furnace. The sinter, along with pre-heated coke, is charged from the top of the furnace and injected from below with pre-heated air. This ensures that temperature in the center of the furnace remains in the range of 1000-1500 °C. The coke is converted to carbon monoxide, and zinc and lead oxides are reduced to metallic zinc and lead. The liquid lead bullion is collected at the bottom of the furnace along with other metal impurities (copper, silver, and gold). Zinc in vapor form is collected from the top of the furnace along with other gases. Zinc vapor is then condensed into liquid zinc. The lead and cadmium impurities in zinc bullion are removed through a distillation process. The imperial smelting process is an energy-intensive process and produces zinc of lower purity than the electrometallurgical process. technologyComment of processing of anode slime from electrorefining of copper, anode (GLO): Based on typical current technology. Anode slime treatment by pressure leaching and top blown rotary converter. Production of Silver by Möbius Electrolysis, Gold by Wohlwill electrolysis, copper telluride cement and crude selenium to further processing. technologyComment of silver-gold mine operation with refinery (CL): OPEN PIT MINING: The ore is mined in four steps: drilling, blasting, loading and hauling. In the case of a surface mine, a pattern of holes is drilled in the pit and filled with explosives. The explosives are detonated in order to break up the ground so large shovels or front-end loaders can load it into haul trucks. BENEFICIATION: The processing plant consists of primary crushing, a pre-crushing circuit, (semi autogenous ball mill crushing) grinding, leaching, filtering and washing, Merrill-Crowe plant and doré refinery. The Merrill-Crowe metal recovery circuit is better than a carbon-in-pulp system for the high-grade silver material. Tailings are filtered to recover excess water as well as residual cyanide and metals. A dry tailings disposal system was preferred to a conventional wet tailings impoundment because of site-specific environmental considerations. technologyComment of silver-gold mine operation with refinery (RoW): Refinement is estimated with electrolysis-data. technologyComment of treatment of precious metal from electronics scrap, in anode slime, precious metal extraction (SE, RoW): Anode slime treatment by pressure leaching and top blown rotary converter. Production of Silver by Möbius Electrolysis, Gold by Wohlwill electrolysis, Palladium to further processing

Markt für Silber

technologyComment of gold mine operation and refining (SE): OPEN PIT MINING: The ore is mined in four steps: drilling, blasting, loading and hauling. In the case of a surface mine, a pattern of holes is drilled in the pit and filled with explosives. The explosives are detonated in order to break up the ground so large shovels or front-end loaders can load it into haul trucks. ORE AND WASTE HAULAGE: The haul trucks transport the ore to various areas for processing. The grade and type of ore determine the processing method used. Higher-grade ores are taken to a mill. Lower grade ores are taken to leach pads. Some ores may be stockpiled for later processing. HEAP LEACHING: The ore is crushed or placed directly on lined leach pads where a dilute cyanide solution is applied to the surface of the heap. The solution percolates down through the ore, where it leaches the gold and flows to a central collection location. The solution is recovered in this closed system. The pregnant leach solution is fed to electrowinning cells and undergoes the same steps as described below from Electro-winning. ORE PROCESSING: Milling: The ore is fed into a series of grinding mills where steel balls grind the ore to a fine slurry or powder. Oxidization and leaching: Some types of ore require further processing before gold is recovered. In this case, the slurry is pressure-oxidized in an autoclave before going to the leaching tanks or a dry powder is fed through a roaster in which it is oxidized using heat before being sent to the leaching tanks as a slurry. The slurry is thickened and runs through a series of leaching tanks. The gold in the slurry adheres to carbon in the tanks. Stripping: The carbon is then moved into a stripping vessel where the gold is removed from the carbon by pumping a hot caustic solution through the carbon. The carbon is later recycled. Electro-winning: The gold-bearing solution is pumped through electro-winning cells or through a zinc precipitation circuit where the gold is recovered from the solution. Smelting: The gold is then melted in a furnace at about 1’064°C and poured into moulds, creating doré bars. Doré bars are unrefined gold bullion bars containing between 60% and 95% gold. References: Newmont (2004) How gold is mined. Newmont. Retrieved from http://www.newmont.com/en/gold/howmined/index.asp technologyComment of gold-silver mine operation with refinery (PG): OPEN PIT MINING: The ore is mined in four steps: drilling, blasting, loading and hauling. In the case of a surface mine, a pattern of holes is drilled in the pit and filled with explosives. The explosives are detonated in order to break up the ground so large shovels or front-end loaders can load it into haul trucks. ORE AND WASTE HAULAGE: The haul trucks transport the ore to various areas for processing. The grade and type of ore determine the processing method used. Higher-grade ores are taken to a mill. Lower grade ores are taken to leach pads. Some ores may be stockpiled for later processing. HEAP LEACHING: The recovery processes of the Misima Mine are cyanide leach and carbon in pulp (CIP). The ore is crushed or placed directly on lined leach pads where a dilute cyanide solution is applied to the surface of the heap. The solution percolates down through the ore, where it leaches the gold and flows to a central collection location. The solution is recovered in this closed system. The pregnant leach solution is fed to electrowinning cells and undergoes the same steps as described below from Electro-winning. ORE PROCESSING: Milling: The ore is fed into a series of grinding mills where steel balls grind the ore to a fine slurry or powder. Oxidization and leaching: The recovery process in the Porgera Mine is pressure oxidation and cyanide leach. The slurry is pressure-oxidized in an autoclave before going to the leaching tanks or a dry powder is fed through a roaster in which it is oxidized using heat before being sent to the leaching tanks as a slurry. The slurry is thickened and runs through a series of leaching tanks. The gold in the slurry adheres to carbon in the tanks. Stripping: The carbon is then moved into a stripping vessel where the gold is removed from the carbon by pumping a hot caustic solution through the carbon. The carbon is later recycled. Electro-winning: The gold-bearing solution is pumped through electro-winning cells or through a zinc precipitation circuit where the gold is recovered from the solution. Smelting: The gold is then melted in a furnace at about 1’064°C and poured into moulds, creating doré bars. Doré bars are unrefined gold bullion bars containing between 60% and 95% gold. WATER SUPPLY: For Misima Mine, process water is supplied from pit dewatering bores and in-pit water. Potable water is sourced from boreholes in the coastal limestone. For Porgera Mine, the main water supply of the mine is the Waile Creek Dam, located approximately 7 kilometres from the mine. The reservoir has a capacity of approximately 717, 000 m3 of water. Water for the grinding circuit is also extracted from Kogai Creek, which is located adjacent to the grinding circuit. The mine operates four water treatment plants for potable water and five sewage treatment plants. ENERGY SUPPLY: For Misima Mine, electricity is produced by the mine on site or with own power generators, from diesel and heavy fuel oil. For Porgera Mine, electricity is produced by the mine on site. Assumed with Mobius / Wohlwill electrolysis. Porgera's principal source of power is supplied by a 73-kilometre transmission line from the gas fired and PJV-owned Hides Power Station. The station has a total output of 62 megawatts (“MW”). A back up diesel power station is located at the mine and has an output of 13MW. The average power requirement of the mine is about 60 MW. For both Misima and Porgera Mines, an 18 MW diesel fired power station supplies electrical power. Diesel was used in the station due to the unavailability of previously supplied heavy fuel oil. technologyComment of gold-silver mine operation with refinery (CA-QC): One of the modelled mine is an open-pit mine and the two others are underground. technologyComment of gold-silver mine operation with refinery (RoW): The mining of ore from open pit mines is considered. technologyComment of primary zinc production from concentrate (RoW): The technological representativeness of this dataset is considered to be high as smelting methods for zinc are consistent in all regions. Refined zinc produced pyro-metallurgically represents less than 5% of global zinc production and less than 2% of this dataset. Electrometallurgical Smelting The main unit processes for electrometallurgical zinc smelting are roasting, leaching, purification, electrolysis, and melting. In both electrometallurgical and pyro-metallurgical zinc production routes, the first step is to remove the sulfur from the concentrate. Roasting or sintering achieves this. The concentrate is heated in a furnace with operating temperature above 900 °C (exothermic, autogenous process) to convert the zinc sulfide to calcine (zinc oxide). Simultaneously, sulfur reacts with oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide, which is subsequently converted to sulfuric acid in acid plants, usually located with zinc-smelting facilities. During the leaching process, the calcine is dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid solution (re-circulated back from the electrolysis cells) to produce aqueous zinc sulfate solution. The iron impurities dissolve as well and are precipitated out as jarosite or goethite in the presence of calcine and possibly ammonia. Jarosite and goethite are usually disposed of in tailing ponds. Adding zinc dust to the zinc sulfate solution facilitates purification. The purification of leachate leads to precipitation of cadmium, copper, and cobalt as metals. In electrolysis, the purified solution is electrolyzed between lead alloy anodes and aluminum cathodes. The high-purity zinc deposited on aluminum cathodes is stripped off, dried, melted, and cast into SHG zinc ingots (99.99 % zinc). Pyro-metallurgical Smelting The pyro-metallurgical smelting process is based on the reduction of zinc and lead oxides into metal with carbon in an imperial smelting furnace. The sinter, along with pre-heated coke, is charged from the top of the furnace and injected from below with pre-heated air. This ensures that temperature in the center of the furnace remains in the range of 1000-1500 °C. The coke is converted to carbon monoxide, and zinc and lead oxides are reduced to metallic zinc and lead. The liquid lead bullion is collected at the bottom of the furnace along with other metal impurities (copper, silver, and gold). Zinc in vapor form is collected from the top of the furnace along with other gases. Zinc vapor is then condensed into liquid zinc. The lead and cadmium impurities in zinc bullion are removed through a distillation process. The imperial smelting process is an energy-intensive process and produces zinc of lower purity than the electrometallurgical process. technologyComment of processing of anode slime from electrorefining of copper, anode (GLO): Based on typical current technology. Anode slime treatment by pressure leaching and top blown rotary converter. Production of Silver by Möbius Electrolysis, Gold by Wohlwill electrolysis, copper telluride cement and crude selenium to further processing. technologyComment of silver-gold mine operation with refinery (CL): OPEN PIT MINING: The ore is mined in four steps: drilling, blasting, loading and hauling. In the case of a surface mine, a pattern of holes is drilled in the pit and filled with explosives. The explosives are detonated in order to break up the ground so large shovels or front-end loaders can load it into haul trucks. BENEFICIATION: The processing plant consists of primary crushing, a pre-crushing circuit, (semi autogenous ball mill crushing) grinding, leaching, filtering and washing, Merrill-Crowe plant and doré refinery. The Merrill-Crowe metal recovery circuit is better than a carbon-in-pulp system for the high-grade silver material. Tailings are filtered to recover excess water as well as residual cyanide and metals. A dry tailings disposal system was preferred to a conventional wet tailings impoundment because of site-specific environmental considerations. technologyComment of silver-gold mine operation with refinery (RoW): Refinement is estimated with electrolysis-data. technologyComment of treatment of crust from Parkes process for lead production (GLO): Processing of Parkes desilvering crust by hot pressing, dezincing (vacuum distillation), cupellation of lead and moebius electrolysis (electrowinning) technologyComment of treatment of precious metal from electronics scrap, in anode slime, precious metal extraction (SE, RoW): Anode slime treatment by pressure leaching and top blown rotary converter. Production of Silver by Möbius Electrolysis, Gold by Wohlwill electrolysis, Palladium to further processing technologyComment of treatment of waste x-ray film (GLO): None

A prioritization framework for PMT/vPvM Substances under REACH for registrants, regulators, researchers and the water sector

Ein Priorisierungsrahmenwerk wurde entwickelt, um die Auswahl derjenigen PMT/vPvM Stoffe zu unterstützen, die sofortige Maßnahmen durch REACH-Registranten, Regulierungsbehörden, Forschern und dem Wassersektor erfordern, um die Trinkwasserressourcen vor einer Kontamination zu schützen. Das entwickelte Rahmenwerk ist das Ergebnis von Stakeholder-Befragungen, Monitoringkampagnen, Laboruntersuchungen, Literaturrecherchen und einem Stakeholder-Workshop. Das Rahmenwerk für die Priorisierung von PMT/vPvM-Stoffen basiert auf den folgenden fünf Priorisierungskategorien: I) die PMT/vPvM-Gefahrenbewertung; II) die REACH-Emissionswahrscheinlichkeit; III) die Analytik und Monitoringlücken; IV) die Wasseraufbereitungslücke und v) das Expositionsniveau. Zur Umsetzung dieses Priorisierungsrahmenwerks wurden 176 Stoffe auf der Grundlage mehrerer Überlegungen ausgewählt. Zu den Auswahlkriterien gehörten, ob sie die PMT/vPvM-Kriterien erfüllen oder nicht, Datenlücken in Bezug auf die PMT/vPvM-Bewertung, ob sie eine Perfluoralkyl-Substruktur oder Triazin-Substruktur enthalten, der Verdacht, in deutschen Trinkwasserressourcen vorhanden zu sein, und aktuelle Kenntnisse zu Analytikmethoden. Die PMT/vPvM-Gefahrenbewertung wurde für alle 176 Stoffe durchgeführt, und es wurde festgestellt, dass 99 die PMT/vPvM-Kriterien erfüllten. Die REACH Emissionswahrscheinlichkeit konnte für 152 der 176 Stoffe abgeleitet werden, und es wurde festgestellt, dass 133 von ihnen entweder eine "hohe" (84 Stoffe) oder "sehr hohe" (49 Stoffe) REACH-Emissionswahrscheinlichkeit aufwiesen. Die Analyse- und Monitoringlücken und die Wasseraufbereitungslücke wurden für 150 der Stoffe durch eine Umfrage bei Analyselaboren und Wasseraufbereitungsanlagen in ganz Deutschland sowie durch eigene experimentelle Arbeiten untersucht. Bei dieser Untersuchung wurde festgestellt, dass 26 Stoffe eine geringe bis erhebliche Analytiklücke und 58 Stoffe eine erhebliche Monitoringlücke aufweisen. Es gab erhebliche Wasseraufbereitungslücken für die untersuchten Substanzen, da 78 weder durch Aktivkohlefilter noch durch Ozonung entfernt werden können, 22 können nur durch Ozonung und 31 nur durch Aktivkohlefilter entfernt werden. Die Expositionswerte wurden durch eine Monitoringstudie von 78 der 176 Substanzen in 13 Trinkwassereinzugsgebieten zu zwei verschiedenen Zeitpunkten untersucht. Dies wurde durch eine Literaturrecherche ergänzt, in der Monitoringdaten für 12 Stoffe gefunden wurden, die nicht in die Monitoringkampagne aufgenommen wurden. Davon waren 10 der Substanzen allgegenwärtig in hohen Konzentrationen, 28 allgegenwärtig in niedrigen Konzentrationen und 36, die in lokalen Regionen entweder in hohen oder niedrigen Konzentrationen überwacht wurden. Aus der Bewertung dieser fünf Priorisierungskategorien ergeben sich durch das Priorisierungsrahmenwerk 43 PMT/vPvM-Stoffe mit höchster Priorität, 23 Stoffe mit hoher Priorität und 33 Stoffe mit mittlerer Priorität für Folgemaßnahmen. Das hier vorgestellte Priorisierungsrahmenwerk kann als Frühwarnsystem dienen, um eine unmittelbare Bedrohungen oder Besorgnis durch andere als in dieser Studie berücksichtigen PMT/vPvM oder potenzielle PMT/vPvM-Stoffe zu identifizieren. Quelle: Forschungsberichte

Sub project A

Das Projekt "Sub project A" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von DVGW Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches e.V. - Technisch-wissenschaftlicher Verein - Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW) durchgeführt. Die mikrobiologischen Untersuchungen zielen auf die Charakterisierung der Abbau- und Umsetzungsprozesse von Stickstoff-Verbindungen und organischen Spurenstoffen sowie die PCR-Analytik von hygienerelevanten Parametern. Die Wasserqualität wird im Tai See und bei der Wasser-Aufbereitung erfasst. Die Trinkwasserqualität bei der Verteilung soll durch optimierte Spülpläne nachhaltig verbessert werden. Das technische Arbeitsziel besteht in der Weiterentwicklung des Spülstandes FlushInspect zur Exportfähigkeit. Wissenschaftliches Arbeitsziel ist die Anpassung der Vorgehensweise an die chinesischen Randbedingungen sowie der Know How-Transfer. Die Koordination des Verbundprojektes mit 16 Partnern sowie die mikrobiologischen Arbeiten wird das TZW Karlsruhe übernehmen. Wasserproben aus Tai See, Wasser-Aufbereitung und Verteilungsnetz werden mit Kultur-basierten und molekularbiologischen Methoden analysiert. Als weiterer innovativer Ansatz wird eine Methodik zur Bestimmung von Umsatzraten auf Basis der Isotopenfraktionierung in Kooperation mit dem Projektpartner Hydroisotop entwickelt. Das TZW Dresden wird nach der Auswertung relevanter Daten ein angepasstes Programm zur Netzspülung in Abstimmung mit den chinesischen Partnern erstellen. Der Spülstand FlushInspect und die Software Tools OptFlush und FlushVis werden weiterentwickelt und Spülungen im Trinkwassernetz von Suzhou durchgeführt.

Bekanntgabe nach § 5 Abs. 2 UVPG über die Feststellung der UVP-Pflicht für ein Vorhaben der MM Neuss GmbH

Die MM Neuss GmbH hat mit Datum vom 20.12.2022, zuletzt ergänzt am 27.04.2023, einen Antrag auf Genehmigung nach § 16 BImSchG zur wesentlichen Änderung der Anlage zur Herstellung von Pappe und Karton durch Errichtung und Betrieb einer Wasseraufbereitungsanlage für die Erzeugung von Prozesswasser, Betriebswasser und vollentsalztem Wasser (WAB) auf dem Betriebsgelände Düsseldorfer Str. 182 - 184 in 41460 Neuss gestellt. Der Antragsgegenstand umfasst im Wesentlichen die Errichtung und den Betrieb einer Wasseraufbereitungsanlage für die Erzeugung von Prozesswasser, Betriebswasser und vollentsalztem Wasser als Ersatz für die am Standort betriebene Wasseraufbereitungsanlage.

Pflanze am Beispiel TiO2, CeO2, MWCNT und Quantum dots

Das Projekt "Pflanze am Beispiel TiO2, CeO2, MWCNT und Quantum dots" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von AUD Analytik- und Umweltdienstleistungs GmbH durchgeführt. Ziel des Projektes ist es, den Verbleib von Nanopartikeln in Wasseraufbereitungsanlagen zu untersuchen und explizit die mögliche Aufnahme von Nanopartikeln aus Klärschlämmen in Pflanzen zu bewerten. Für Nanopartikel sind Kenntnisse zum geschlossenen Prozessverständnis und Verbleib entlang der Kausalkette der Abwasserbehandlung und Entsorgung während der mechanischen, biologischen und chemischem Reinigung, der Freisetzung über geklärte Wässer bzw. den Klärschlamm, deren weiterer Transport über den Bodenwasserpfad bis in die Pflanze bisher unzureichend. Die Bioverfügbarkeit und die mögliche Einführung von Nanopartikeln in die Nahrungskette aus den der landwirtschaftlichen Verwertung zugeführten Klärschlämmen (Dünger, Landschaftsbau) wird anhand von Untersuchungen zur Partikelaufnahme in Pflanzen untersucht. Die Datenrecherche hat insbesondere die Ermittlung von Untersuchungsergebnissen zu Nanopartikeln in Abwasserbehandlungsanlagen und deren Prozessverhalten zum Gegenstand. Des Weiteren bilden Nanopartikel im Klärschlamm sowie deren Ausbringung in der Landwirtschaft in Bezug auf Umweltverträglichkeit einen Rechercheschwerpunkt. Mittels Laborkläranlagen wird das Prozessverhalten der Nanopartikel in Abwasserbehandlungsanlagen untersucht. Die Bestimmung von Nanopartikeln in den realen Abwässern und Schlämmen von Kläranlagen ist bisher messtechnisch nicht hinreichend gelöst. In Laborkläranlagen sollen deshalb zur Untersuchung der Wirkungspfade bestimmter Nanopartikel Versuchsserien gefahren werden. Dadurch werden grundsätzlich auch Lösungsansätze zur Entfernung von Nanopartikeln aus Abwässern und Klärschlämmen zugänglich. Über eine Auswertung aller durch das Vorhaben erlangten Daten und deren Systematisierung soll eine vollständige Beschreibung der Wirkungspfade ermöglicht werden. Ziel dieses Arbeitspaketes ist die Entwicklung von Bewertungsmethoden und Strategien für die Umweltbewertung von Nanopartikeln in der Prozesskette Abwasser - Klärschlamm - Pflanze.

Bekanntgabe nach § 5 Abs.2 UVPG über die Feststellung der UVP-Pflicht für ein Vorhaben der WHW Langenfeld GmbH & Co. KG in Langenfeld

Die WHW Langenfeld GmbH & Co. KG hat mit Datum vom 16.03.2023, zuletzt ergänzt am 13.10.2023, einen Antrag auf Genehmigung nach § 16 BImSchG zur wesentlichen Änderung des Oberflächenbehandlungsanlage (72,2 m³) u. a.durch Errichtung neuer Lösestationen auf dem Betriebsgelände Friedrich-Krupp-Str. 12 in 40764 Langenfeld gestellt. Der Antragsgegenstand umfasst im Wesentlichen die folgenden Maßnahmen: • die Errichtung einer Online-Analytik zur Steuerung der Becken, den Umbau bestehender Lösestationen und die Errichtung sowie Demontage weiterer Behälter in der Anlage 40, • die Demontage eines Sammelbehälters für Abwasser in der Anlage 41, • die zusätzliche Aufstellung zweier Bereitstellungs-/Dosierbehälter in der Anlage 42 • die Errichtung eines Blocklagers anstatt eines Regallagers im Bereich der Wasseraufbereitungsanlage und Umbenennung von Chemikaliencontainern sowie • die Einführung einer weiteren Lagervariante im Chemikaliencontainer 2.

Teilprojekt 1

Das Projekt "Teilprojekt 1" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von HYDR.O. Geologen und Ingenieure - Hartwig Reisinger und Dr. Timm Reisinger GbR durchgeführt. Perfluorierte Chemikalien PFC sind wegen ihres breiten industriellen Einsatzes (u.a. als Lösch- und Netzmittel) in die Umwelt gelangt und stellen wegen ihrer hohen Persistenz und Toxizität eine besonders problematische Schadstoffgruppe dar. Alleine in NRW sind die Fallzahlen von großflächigen Grundwasser- und Bodenverunreinigungen 2020 auf 120 Fälle gestiegen. Sanierungen oder Sicherungen von Flächen mit Entnahme und Reinigung des Grundwassers sind zurzeit sehr aufwendig und kostspielig, weil herkömmliche Reinigungsverfahren und -systeme eine sehr geringe Wirkung in Bezug auf PFC haben. Weil die Deponien das Sickerwasser nicht aufbereiten können, werden PFC belastete Böden nicht angenommen. Mit einer Atmosphären-Plasmabehandlung soll ein innovatives und effektives Verfahren zur Eliminierung von PFC aus dem Grund-, Sicker- und Waschwasser entwickelt werden und somit eine Lösung für Sanierungsmaßnahmen entwickelt werden. Bei den Laborversuchen wird durch Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung ein Gasraum teilweise ionisiert. Für eine effiziente Wasserbehandlung soll eine gute Übertragung der im Plasma gebildeten hochreaktiven Spezies und der vom Plasma erzeugten UV-Strahlung in das belastete Wasser hergestellt werden. Im Anschluss an das Projekt sollen großmaßstäbliche Wasserreinigungsanlagen konzipiert und u.a. für die Sanierung von PFC-Schadensfällen im In- und Ausland eingesetzt werden.

Bekanntmachung nach § 5 Abs. 2 UVPG über die Feststellung der UVP-Pflicht für ein Vorhaben der Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG in Dusiburg

Die Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG hat mit Datum vom 19.08.2022 bei der Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf als zuständiger Genehmigungsbehörde einen Antrag auf Erteilung einer Genehmigung nach §§ 4, 6 BImSchG zur Errichtung und zum Betrieb von zwei Dampfkesselanlagen gestellt. Die zwei Dampfkesselanlagen mit einer Feuerungswärmeleistung von je 45,2 MW sollen für die Bereitstellung von Dampf für die Tests von Dampfturbinen maximal 350 Stunden im Jahr betrieben werden und auf dem Grundstück Wolfgang-Reuter-Platz 4 in 47053 Duisburg-Hochfeld, Gemarkung Duisburg, Flur 308, Flurstück 79, 123 errichtet werden. Gegenstand des Antrags sind im Wesentlichen die Errichtung und der Betrieb von: • zwei gasgefeuerten Dampfkesselanlagen mit einer Feuerungswärmeleistung von je 45,2 MW, • einem Speisewasserbehälter, • einer Wasseraufbereitungsanlage, bestehend aus Filter, Enthärtungsanlage, Umkehrosmoseanlage sowie Mischbettionenaustauscher und Entgaser, • einem gemeinsamen Schornstein für die beiden Dampfkesselanlagen, • den zugehörigen Rohrleitungen, Dosiereinrichtungen, Pumpen etc.

Teilprojekt 3

Das Projekt "Teilprojekt 3" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von EVERS GmbH & Co. KG, Wassertechnik und Anthrazitveredelung durchgeführt. Die in Südafrika verfassungsmäßig garantierte Bereitstellung von adäquatem Wohnraum für die ärmste Bevölkerungsschicht über das seit 15 Jahren erfolgreich umgesetzte Low-Cost-Housing Programm, stößt derzeit an seine Grenzen. Der von der Camdeboo Municipality erstellte Integrated Development Plan (IDP) sieht vor, mindestens 4.000 (bis zu 12.000) Hauseinheiten zu schaffen, die durch die Nutzung nachhaltiger und innovativer Technologien Teil eines Demonstrationsgebietes 'Technologie für den ländlichen Raum' werden sollen. Mit dem Vorhaben wird eine Lösung für den ländlichen, ariden Raum angestrebt. Es soll dazu beitragen, die soziale Situation in diesen Regionen zu verbessern und der zunehmenden Abwanderung in urbane Regionen entgegen wirken. Im Rahmen dieses Verbundvorhabens sollen am Beispiel der Camdeboo Municipality Südafrika, dezentrale Trinkwasseraufbereitungssysteme entwickelt und auf die örtlichen Gegebenheiten angepasst werden. Hierzu wird ein neuartiges Infrastrukturpaket, bestehend aus den Modulen Wohnungsbau, Wasserver- und Entsorgung und Energie entwickelt. Dieses Paket wird zunächst für eine so genannte 'Settlement-Einheit' von 100 Häusern geplant, wovon10 Häuser mit lokalen Partnern gebaut und umgesetzt werden. Zentraler Mittelpunkt dieser Wohneinheiten wird ein Hauptgebäude sein, in dem u.a. eine Trinkwasseraufbereitungsanlage integriert wird. Zusätzlich wird in den Häusern jeweils eine kleinere Filteranlage zur Aufbereitung von Regenwasser installiert.

1 2 3 4 5 … 23 24 25