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Wärmeleitfähigkeit BB bei Feldkapazität (FK) - im Frühjahr

Der Datensatz beinhaltet Daten des LBGR über die Wärmeleitfähigkeit Brandenburgs bei Feldkapazität (FK) - im Frühjahr und wird über je einen Darstellungs- und Downloaddienst bereitgestellt. Es werden die mittlere Wärmeleitfähigkeit als gewichtetes Mittel bis 2m Tiefe mit Wassergehalten bei Feldkapazität (pF 1,8) dargestellt. Sie entspricht den standortabhängigen, im Jahresverlauf höchsten Wärmeleitfähigkeiten wie sie im Frühjahr nach den Winterniederschlägen zu erwarten sind. Grundwasserstände wurden bei der Berechnung berücksichtigt. Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit (λ) bestimmt die Eigenschaft des Bodens, thermische Energie durch Konduktion zu transportieren. Sie ist die entscheidende Kenngröße für die Nutzung des Bodens als Wärmequelle und -speicher und muss u.a. bei der Anwendung oberflächennaher Geothermie (Erdwärmekollektoren) oder beim Bau erdverlegter Stromkabel berücksichtigt werden.

Sonderforschungsbereich Transregio 38 (SFB TRR): Strukturen und Prozesse der initialen Ökosystementwicklung in einem künstlichen Wassereinzugsgebiet; Structures and Processes of the Initial Ecosystem Development Phase in an Artificial Water Catchment, Teilprojekt C 04: Hydrologische Oberflächenprozesse während der Entwicklungsphase eines künstlichen Einzugsgebiets

Das Hauptziel des Projekts ist die Untersuchung und die Entwicklung von Methoden nicht nur zur punktuellen, sondern auch zur flächenhaften Bestimmung der Bodenfeuchte. Zur Anwendung sollen Geländetechniken wie Time-Domain Reflectrometry (TDR), Georadar (GPR), Elektrische Widerstand (ER), Elektromagnetische Induktion (EMI) sowie GNSS Scatterometry kommen. Eine der methodischen Hauptfragen ist die Nutzung der GNSS Scatterometry zur Ermittlung der Bodenfeuchte im Feldmaßstab. Eine weitere grundlegende Forschungsfrage wird die weitere Entwicklung der elektrischen und elektromagnetischen geophysikalischen Techniken für bodenkundliche Anwendungen sein.

Event-driven mobile cosmic-ray neutron rover Surveys of soil moisture within SwabianMOSES 2023

In addition to stationary measurements, mobile CRNS campaigns extended the utility of this method by mapping the spatial distribution of soil moisture and snowpack in the whole region. Mounted on vehicles, mobile neutron detectors can cover extensive terrains, sensing average water content at a distance of up to 100 m from the road and revealing its spatial variation due to factors like topography, vegetation, and land use (Schrön et al., 2018). During this campaign, a custom made mobile CRNS Sensor with 32 neutron counting tubes, constructed by StyX Neutronica GmbH was used. By providing high-resolution data on water distribution, mobile CRNS measurements have the potential to improve our understanding of hydrological dynamics and support better decision-making in water resource management and extreme weather events. In the present study, several mobile CRNS campaigns have been conducted with a car across the Lindach catchment and beyond before and after prospective rain events to obtain information on soil moisture along transects towards regional scales. In order to obtain data from the hydrological winter half-year, a further CRNS roving campaign was conducted in February 2024.

Dynamik feuchter Granulate

Erforscht wird die Dynamik feuchter Granulate, etwa feuchter Sand oder feuchte Böden. Es wird mit experimentellen, analytisch-theoretischen und numerischen Methoden versucht, die elementaren Mechanismen zu verstehen, die hinter Erdrutschen und Dünenwanderung, aber auch Wasserhaltefähigkeit von sandigen Böden, am Werk sind.

Gefrorene Böden in der saisonalen Vorhersage mit ICON-Seamless

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1294: Bereich Infrastruktur - Atmospheric and Earth system research with the 'High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft' (HALO), Zirrus Wolken in der extratropsichen Tropopausen- und unteren Stratosphären-Region

Große Unsicherheiten in der Klimavorhersage gehen auf den derzeitig eingeschränkten Wissensstand bezüglich Zirruswolken zurück. Dies unterstreicht die Bedeutung von mehr quantitativen Information durch Beobachtungen von Zirruswolken und gilt insbesondere für Zirren in der Tropopausen-Region, wo diese eine große Wärmewirkung im Vergleich zu darunter liegenden und optisch dickeren Zirren haben und nur sehr eingeschränkte Informationen vorliegen. Bodengestützte LIDAR-Beobachtungen und satellitengestützten IR Limb Messungen zeigen zudem eine neue Klasse von Zirruswolken in der sogenannten Lowermost Stratosphere (LMS). Dieser Wolkentyp ist bisher nicht gut durch Messungen charakterisiert und ist insbesondere in globalen Klimamodell-Studien noch nicht berücksichtigt. Die vorgeschlagenen Studie CiTroS steht für Cirrus cloud in the extratropical tropopause and LMS region und beschäftigt sich mit exakt diesen Wolken anhand von Messungen, die während der vorgeschlagenen WISE Kampagne des Forschungsflugzeugs HALO im September/Oktober 2017 stattfinden sollen. Besonderer Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Studie soll auf der Analyse und Auswertung der Wolkenmessungen der neuartigen GLORIA Instruments liegen. Durch die Imaging Technik und der Schwenkvorrichtung von GLORIA ist es möglich tomographische Messungen von Luftvoluminna im Wellenlängenbereich 780 bis 1400 cm-1 durchzuführen, die eine dreidimensionale Rekonstruktion der beobachteten Wolkenstrukturen ermöglichen. IR Limb Sounder zeichnen sich durch eine extrem hohe Empfindlichkeit zur Messung optisch dünnen Zirruswolken aus, die in der langen optischen Pfadintegration begründet ist. Die Kombination von GLORIA mit dem LIDAR Instrument WALES erlaubt eine der empfindlichsten Fernerkundungsmessungen zur Charakterisierung von mikro- und makrophysikalischen Eigenschaften von Zirruswolken. Zusammen mit den in-situ-Messung für Wasserdampf und Eiswassergehalt eignet sich Nutzlast der HALO-WISE Kampagne hervorragend für Vermessung von Wolken in der LMS. Ein größerer Teil der Studie ist für die Entwicklung neuer Analysetechniken für die Auswertung der neuartigen IR-Imager GLORIA Messungen von Zirren vorgesehen. Die tomographischen Messungen werden es erstmalig ermöglichen mikrophysikalische Eigenschaften wie Eis Wassergehalt oder Partikelradius aus IR Limb-Messungen abzuleiten. Simulationen und Vorhersagen des Chemical Lagrangian Model for the Stratosphere (CLaMS) stehen nach der Kampagne für detaillierte Studien zur Verfügung. Diese sollen gezielt genutzt werden um die meso- und synoptisch-skaligen dynamischen Prozesse, die die Bildung von Zirren bei mittleren und hohen Breiten möglicherweise verantworten, zu untersuchen. Das neu entwickelte CLaMS-Ice-Modul mit einen mikrophysikalische zwei-Momenten-Schema mit den wichtigsten Bildungsprozessen von Zirren, wird im Anschluss für detaillierte Fallstudien zur Entstehung und Entwicklung der beobachteten Zirruswolken genutzt.

Native plants and mycorrhizal fungi in wind erosion control in the Kailash-Manasarovar region (Tibet, China)

We study the effects of plants and root-associated fungi on wind erosion within the alpine environment of Tibet. China is one of the countries most affected by desertification processes and Tibet, in particular, a key region in desertification combat. The presented project focuses on the Barkha Plain surrounded by Mount Kailash and the Lake of Manasarovar (Ngari Prefecture). This Western Tibet region experienced little scientific attention but, nowadays, faces rapidly increasing touristic activities and expanding local settlements associated with socio-economic changes that are serious threats to the delicate ecological balance and potential triggers of desertification. It exists almost unanimous agreement that revegetation is the most efficient and promising strategy to combat wind erosion and desertification in the long term. However, re-colonising success is often poor, mainly under extreme environmental conditions. Compared to conventional practices, the approach of the presented project attains better accordance with natural succession processes and promises acceleration of both plant and soil development and, conclusively, more efficient desertification control. The project assesses the potential of native plants and symbiotic fungi to control wind erosion and desertification processes. It aims to identify key plants and fungi that increase soil aggregate stability and efficiently drive succession into a natural and self-maintaining cycle of the ecosystem. Furthermore, it provides crucial information for implementing environmentally compatible and cost-effective measures to protect high-elevation ecosystems against desertification. Within three successional stages (early, intermediate, late), field investigations are performed on the basis of Modified-Whittaker plots. Classic methods of vegetation analysis and myco-sociology are combined with analysis of distribution patterns at different scales (patchiness, connectivity). Comprehensive soil analysis is performed comprising grain size distribution, aggregate stability, pH as well as water and nutrient contents. Additionally, important parameters of wind erosion are measured concurrently and continuously to assess their magnitude and variability with respect to vegetation and soil at different levels of development. The parameters addressed, include sediment transport, air temperature, radiation, precipitation, relative humidity as well as speed and direction of wind. Surface moisture is recorded periodically and roughness described. Species and environmental parameters are checked for spatial correlation. Cutting edge technologies are applied in laboratory work, comprising molecular methods for fungal species identification and micro-tomography to analyse soil structure. Furthermore, successfully cultivated fungi and plants are subject of synthesis experiments and industrial propagation in view of practical implementation in restoration measures.

Morphologically identified benthic stomach contents from Solenette (Buglossidium luteum) in the German Bight

This dataset contains morphological stomach content data of the demersal flatfish Buglossidium luteum (solenette) collected at multiple sampling stations in the German Bight. At each station, B. luteum individuals were sampled during daytime using an epibenthic dredge (1 m width, 1 cm mesh size) towed for 5 minutes. Immediately after capture, fish were individually sealed in storage bags and frozen at −80 °C to preserve gut contents. In the laboratory, specimens were transferred to freezers and stored at −28 °C until further processing. Selected fish were defrosted and stomachs were removed and weighed. All prey items were sorted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level using a stereomicroscope (Leica MZ12), based on regional identification keys, taxonomic catalogues, expert consultation, and comparisons with fresh reference material. Occasionally, digestion and mastication of individuals resulted in the loss of diagnostic features. In those cases, individuals were determined at a higher taxonomic level. All taxa were quantified in terms of abundance and biomass (wet mass; measured to 0.0001g) within the stomachs, and stored in 70% ethanol. Following analysis, prey items were preserved in 70% ethanol. The stomach content dataset was curated by excluding foraminifera, nematodes, and parasites.

Effects of acute ocean acidification on spatially-diverse polar pelagic foodwebs:Insights from on-deck microcosms

The polar oceans are experiencing some of the largest levels of ocean acidification (OA) resulting from the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2). Our understanding of the impacts this is having on polar marine communities is mainly derived from studies of single species in laboratory conditions, while the consequences for food web interactions remain largely unknown. This study carried out experimental manipulations of natural pelagic communities at different high latitude sites in both the northern (Nordic Seas) and southern hemispheres (Scotia and Weddell Seas). The aim of this study was to identify more generic responses and greater experimental reproducibility through implementing a series of short term (4 day), multilevel (3 treatment) carbonate chemistry manipulation experiments on unfiltered natural surface ocean communities, including grazing copepods. The experiments were successfully executed at six different sites, covering a diverse range of environmental conditions and differing plankton community compositions. The study identified the interaction between copepods and dinoflagellate cell abundance to be significantly altered by elevated levels of dissolved CO2 (pCO2), with dinoflagellates decreasing relative to ambient conditions across all six experiments. A similar pattern was not observed in any other major phytoplankton group. The patterns indicate that copepods show a stronger preference for dinoflagellates when in elevated pCO2 conditions, demonstrating that changes in food quality and altered grazing selectivity may be a major consequence of ocean acidification. The study also found that transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) generally increased when pCO2 levels were elevated, but the response was dependent on the exact set of environmental conditions. Bacteria and nannoplankton showed a neutral response to elevated pCO2 and there was no significant relationship between changes in bacterial or nannoplankton abundance and that of TEP concentrations. Overall, the study illustrated that, although some similar responses exist, these contrasting high latitude surface ocean communities are likely to show different responses to the onset of elevated pCO2.

Vertical profile of soil porewater chemistry survey of European peatlands

Porewater samples were collected using dialysis samplers with 14 chambers (Zak et al., 2004) from 64 natural and rewetted peatlands across Germany (47 sites), Poland (5), Estonia (6), Scotland (3), Sweden (2), and Georgia (1) between 1997 and 2017. Depth-integrated mobilization rates of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) were calculated for 48 natural and rewetted study sites based on concentration profiles, using Profile V1 (Berg et al., 1998). The computation applied Fick's first law of diffusion, considering pH, temperature, DM content, and loss on ignition of the peat. Diffusion constants for SRP and NH4+-N under defined conditions (10-20°C; pH 4.1–7.2) were sourced from Yuan-Hui and Gregory (1974) and adjusted using chemical equilibrium calculations that account for pH, temperature, and dynamic viscosity of water. The porosity of peat samples, used to estimate tortuosity, was derived from the water content and the composition of inorganic and organic matter content (Lewandowski et al., 2002). The calculations assumed steady-state conditions. Advective transport of dissolved solutes was excluded, particularly for rewetted peatlands, due to the low hydraulic conductivity of the decomposed peat layer. This study aims to compare the vertical concentration profile for SRP and NH4+-N and its mobilization rates between rewetted and natural peatlands (bogs and fens).

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