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Total suspended matter, particulate organic matter and particulate inorganic matter from discrete water samples during RV MARIA S MERIAN cruise MSM129/1

This dataset was collected during the cruise MSM129/1 with RV MARIA S. MERIAN from Warnemünde, Germany to St. John's, Canada. It contains suspended particulate matter, particulate organic matter and particulate inorganic matter measurements [mg/l] from water samples collected from the seawater supply (Reinseewassersystem, RSWS) to calibrate the turbidity data of the RSWS system. The outflow of a PocketFerrybox that was connected to the seawater supply in the hangar was used for sampling. It takes a substantial amount of time for the water to reach the hanger from the intake point. The time delay between the sensor readings of the RSWS and the PocketFerrybox was determined and the timestamps of the water sampling were adjusted accordingly. Given latitute and longitude refer to this corrected timestamp. The original time of water sampling in the hangar is given as an additional column with the comment time of sampling. To obtain suspended particulate matter concentrations, water samples were filtered onboard through 0.7 μm pore size, glass fiber filters (Whatmann GF/F, 47 mm) under low vacuum. Filters were frozen immediately at -80 °C until gravimetric analysis in the laboratory at ICBM, Wilhelmshaven according to IOCCG recommendations.

Updated global compilation of coccolithophore calcification measurements from unperturbed water samples including ancillary data

This database expands the Poulton et al., 2018 (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.888182) database of pelagic calcium carbonate (CP) rate measurements from isotopic tracer uptake in incubated discrete water samples, as discussed in Daniels et al., 2018 (doi:10.5194/essd-10-1859-2018), and accompanies Marsh et al. (in prep.). The database now includes more CP (new data n = 400; complete database n = 3165), net primary production rate (PP) (new data n = 399; complete database n = 3150), total coccolithophore cell counts (new data n = 240; complete database n = 1512), and Emiliania huxleyi cell counts (new data n = 27; complete database n = 612). This expanded database maintains the record of data, including the principal investigator, expedition, OS region, doi reference (where available), collection date and year, sample ID, latitude, longitude, sampling and light depth, and method of measuring CP. We further expand the Poulton et al. (2018) data collection by including ancillary and environmental data, including: optical depth (OD, n = 3165), pHtotal (hereinafter referred to as pHT, n = 398), temperature (n = 1160), salinity (n = 1161), and the concentrations of chlorophyll a (n = 1363), NOx (NO3 or the sum of NO3 + NO2, n = 1161), silicic acid (Si(OH)4, n= 1156), phosphate (PO4, n = 1232), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, n = 318), total alkalinity (TA, n = 307), bicarbonate ion concentration (n = 349), and carbonate ion concentration (n = 352). All data was matched to CP, sample bottle identifiers (Niskin bottle numbers), and/or sampling depth values. This global database (81 °N - 64 °S, 132 °E - 174 °W) now covers expeditions and upper ocean measurements (0 - 193 m) from 1989 to 2024. Global in-situ geolocated data spanning time is valuable for modelling, satellite algorithms, and capturing calcium carbonate production in the global ocean. This expanded database, including the environmental, nutrient, chlorophyll a, and carbonate chemistry data, also allows for analysis of factors influencing calcium carbonate production on a global scale. This data amalgamation contributes to understanding the biogeochemistry of the oceans, global carbon cycle, and ocean acidification.

Mikroplastik im Rhein

Greenpeace hat den Rhein mehrmals auf primäre Mikroplastikpartikel mit dem Schwerpunkt Microbeads untersucht und entsprechende Berichte zu den Ergebnissen veröffentlicht. Bei einer ersten Untersuchung im Jahr 2019 wurden 22 Proben zwischen Duisburg und Basel genommen und bis zu 7,2 Partikel pro Kubikmeter bei Köln-Stammheim gefunden. Ein Jahr später war Greenpeace für Untersuchungen wieder auf dem Rhein, dieses Mal zwischen Duisburg und Monheim. Während der Schiffstour wurden 44 Proben genommen, wobei die höchste Konzentration an Mikroplastikpartikeln bei 3,3 Partikeln pro Kubikmeter (Höhe Dormagen) lag. Eine Besonderheit stellten stündliche Probenahmen über 24-Stunden dar, die Greenpeace jeweils stromaufwärts und stromabwärts am Chempark Dormagen und am Chempark Krefeld-Uerdingen durchführte. Die Ergebnisse bestätigten, dass kontinuierlich Mikroplastikpartikel den Rhein stromabwärts gelangen. Die Mikroplastik-Konzentration war nachts niedriger als tagsüber. Darüber hinaus hat Greenpeace Mikroplastikpartikel in Sedimentproben vom Flussufer nachgewiesen. Greenpeace hat im Jahr 2021 weitere Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Die höchste Konzentration an Mikroplastikpartikeln lag bei 1,1 Partikeln pro Kubikmeter in einer Probe, die bei Dormagen entnommen wurde. Letztlich konnte Greenpeace in allen Wasserproben, die während der Schiffstouren genommen wurde, primäres Mikroplastik nachweisen.  Die Greenpeace-Expert:innen Manfred Santen und Daniela von Schaper haben das Projekt im Jahr 2020 geleitet.

Distribution and concentration of nutrients, carbon compounds and methane in water samples in the southern German Bight (North Sea) in September 2024 during the MOSES Sternfahrt 12

The 12th Sternfahrt of the ElbeXtreme and MOSES projects took place in 2024 from September 02 to 13, within the area of the German Bight (North Sea). Its objective was to get a more systematic grid of sampling data by spatially integrated onboard sensors. Therefore, the MOSES-laboratory container was installed again. Water samples were taken from the surface with a rosette or via Niskin bottles. The first part of the cruise was conducted by the research vessel (RV) Ludwig Prandtl, starting on the 2nd of September on Heligoland. From there, the crew navigated towards Cuxhaven covering some stations from previous MOSES cruises. For the next days, the ship followed a rectangular track, shifting northward each day, heading towards Heligoland again. Due to strong winds, the sampling stations were reduced to three on the last day. On Heligoland the RV Mya II took over the laboratory container and other sampling equipment for the second part of the cruise. Persistent strong winds delayed the start of the cruise until September 11. Since most of the planned stations were already covered from the RV Ludwig Prandtl, the crew decided to expand the sampling area using a more systematic zig-zag line. With the return of Mya II in the afternoon of the 13th September 2024, the campaign was successfully finished.

Supporting metadata for multiple oceanographic cruises with RV SONNE (SO254, SO245, SO248) and RV POLARSTERN (PS79), Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study and Hawaii Ocean Time-series

The data presented here include the metadata (cruise, station number, geographic coordinates, water depth, temperature, salinity and solid-phase extracted dissolved organic carbon concentrations (SPE-DOC)) for multiple oceanographic cruises in the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans (HOTS, BATS, SO254, SO245, SO248, ANT 28-II, ANT 28-IV, and 28-V) between 2009 and 2017. These metadata were used in conjunction with the accompanying dataset to assess the role of deep ocean mixing in the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter was compiled from the CTD bottle data of multiple cruises, some of which are available on PANGAEA at the following links: SO248: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.864673, SO245: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.890394, SO254: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.890453.

Carcinus maenas in the Sylt Rømø bight in 2022

Due to changing temperature regimes in the North- and the Wadden Sea, a fish survey in the Sylt Rømø bight (SRB) was established in 2007 for at least ten years. The aim is to investigate the Wadden Sea fish fauna with special interest in changes of migration behavior, species composition and feeding habits. Since 2021 an assessment of the epibenthic species in the net hauls was included. Seven stations are sampled monthly inside the SRB. Two additional stations, one outside the bight, one close to the Danish border are sampled as references four times a year. For sampling a mini bottom trawl, total length 17 m, trawl opening 7 m, height 3 m with a mesh size of 36 mm in the wings, 16 mm in the mid part and 6 mm in the cod end is used. At every station one haul in the water column and another at the bottom are sampled, for 15 minutes at a speed of approximately 2 knots. The data will help to give a more detailed picture of food chains and energy flows inside the Wadden Sea.

Continuous thermosalinograph oceanography along RV ALKOR cruise track AL639

Underway temperature and salinity data was collected along the cruise track with a SBE21 thermosalinograph (TSG) together with a SBE38 Thermometer. Both systems worked throughout the cruise. While temperature is taken at the water inlet in about 4 m depth, salinity is calculated within the interior TSG from conductivity and interior temperature. No temperature validation was performed. Salinity was validated with independent water samples taken at the water inlet. For details to all processing steps see Data Processing Report.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1685: Ecosystem nutrition: forest strategies for limited phosphorus resources; Ökosystemernährung: Forststrategien zum Umgang mit limitierten Phosphor-Ressourcen, Nanopartikel und Kolloide als Vektoren von P-Verlusten und -Umverteilungen/Verlagerungen im Zuge der Entwicklung von Waldökosystemen

Hintergrund: Obwohl Nanopartikel und Kolloide (NPC) als Vektoren für P-Verluste und P-Neuverteilungen in Waldsystemen fungieren, fehlen grundsätzlichen Erkenntnisse über den Zusammenhang zwischen steuernden Umweltfaktoren und dem Schicksal, Transport und der zusammensetzung von NPC und ihrer P-Beladung. Wir postulieren, dass hydrologisch bedingte NPC-Verluste und -umverteilungen eine dreifache Gefahr für das langfristige biogeochemische Recycling von P in Waldökosystemen und damit die Ökosystemernährung darstellen. Projektziel: Aufklärung der Bedeutung und Steuerung von NPC-Verlusten und -umverteilungen für die langfristige Effizienz des P-Recycling in Waldökosystemen. Projekt-Hypothesen: Mobile Kolloide in Waldökosystemen entstammen hauptsächlich dem organischen Oberboden (alle WPs), (ii) Laterale Flüsse vom kolloidalen P während Starkregenereignissen begrenzen langfristig die maximale P-Wiederverwertungseffizienz von Waldökosystemen (WP1), (iii) P ist überwiegend mit organischen Kolloiden assoziiert und größtenteils bioverfügbar, was eine weitere Limitierung der P-Wiederverwertung im Wald darstellt (WP2), (iv) Die Kolloidverlagerung in Wäldern führt zu P-reichen und P-armen Stellen (laterale Umverteilung) bzw. zu einem P-Transfer aus oberflächennahen organischen Horizonten zum mineralischen Unterboden und damit zu einer P-Festlegung in diesem Horizont (WP3), und (v) Abnehmende atmosphärische Einträge von organischen Säuren und Kalkung erhöhen den pH Wert und reduzieren das austauschbare bzw. gelöste Al3+ im Waldoberboden, was die Mobilisierung bzw. den Verlust von kolloidalem P fördert (WP4). Methodik: Wir werden die Konzentration und Zusammensetzung von Kolloiden in den Wasserproben i) aus den Streulysimetern, ii) aus dem lateralen Fluss in Bodeneinschnitte (trenches) und iii) aus den Oberläufen von Bächen an den Versuchsstandorten in Bad Brückenau, Conventwald, Vessertal und Mitterfels bestimmen. Die Kolloide werden mittels Feld Fluss Fraktionierung fraktioniert bzw. isoliert und in Kombination mit ICP-MS, TOC und TN Analyse, sowie TEM gekoppelt mit Energiedispersiver Röntgenspektroskopie charakterisiert. Aufgaben/Arbeitspakete: WP1: Entnahme von Wasserproben aus dem lateralen Fluss in Bodeneinschnitten (trenches) (mit Puhlmann/Weiler und Julich/Feger). Entsprechend unserer Hypothese sollte die Gesamtmenge von NPCs aus präferenziellen Fließwegen, dem lateralen Fluss und den Oberläufen der freigesetzten Menge aus der organischen Bodenoberschicht gleich sein. WP2: Untersuchung der Bioverfügbarkeit der NPC aus dem 'interflow' und den Oberläufen durch Inkubationsexperimente mit Enzymen um Phosphatester und Inositol-Phosphate nachzuweisen (mit Kaiser/Hagedorn/Niklaus). (Text gekürzt)

KOSMOS 2023 Helgoland mesocosm study on ocean alkalinity enhancement: phytoplankton and microzooplankton abundance and biomass data

This dataset contains species-resolved phytoplankton and microzooplankton abundance and biomass data from the KOSMOS 2023 Helgoland mesocosm experiment conducted in the coastal waters off Helgoland Island in the North Sea, Germany. The experiment investigated the effects of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) on plankton communities during the development of a natural spring bloom. Six mesocosms (~6 m³) were subjected to an immediate dilution OAE scenario, establishing an alkalinity enhancement gradient ranging from ΔTA 0 to 1250 µmol kg⁻¹ in increments of 250 µmol kg⁻¹ through calcium-based alkalinity addition. The dataset includes taxonomically resolved phytoplankton and microzooplankton abundance (cells mL⁻¹), carbon biomass (µg C L⁻¹), functional group classifications, and World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) taxonomic identifiers. Associated carbonate chemistry measurements, including total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH, fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO₂), salinity, temperature, and calculated ΔTA values are provided for each sampling event.

Surface seawater carbonate chemistry, nutrients and phytoplankton community composition on a transect between North Sea and Arctic Ocean, 2008

This data was collected during the 'ICE CHASER' cruise from the southern North Sea to the Arctic (Svalbard) in July-Aug 2008. This data consists of coccolithophore abundance, calcification and primary production rates, carbonate chemistry parameters and ancillary data of macronutrients, chlorophyll-a, average mixed layer irradiance, daily irradiance above the sea surface, euphotic and mixed layer depth, temperature and salinity.

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