Das Projekt "AZV Project West Greenland" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft / Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Münster, Institut für Ökologie der Pflanzen.The AZV (Altitudinal Zonation of Vegetation) Project was initiated in the year 2002. On the basis of a detailed regional study in continental West Greenland the knowledge about altitudinal vegetation zonation in the Arctic is aimed to be enhanced. The main objectives of the project are: a) considering the regional study: characterize mountain vegetation with regard to flora, vegetation types, vegetation pattern and habitat conditions, investigate the differentiation of these vegetation characteristics along the altitudinal gradient, develop concepts about altitudinal indicator values of species and plant communities, extract suitable characteristics for the distinction and delimitation of vegetation belts, assess altitudinal borderlines of vegetation belts in the study area. b) considering generalizations: test the validity of the altitudinal zonation hypothesis of the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map ( CAVM Team 2003), find important determinants of altitudinal vegetation zonation in the Arctic, develop a first small scale vegetation map of entire continental West Greenland. Field work consists of vegetational surveys according to the Braun-Blanquet approach, transect studies, soil analyses, long-time-measurements of temperature on the soil surface and vegetation mapping in three different altitudinal vegetation belts (up to 1070 m a.s.l.).
Die Grundwasser-Messstelle mit Messstellen-ID 28519035 wird vom Landesamt für Umwelt Brandenburg betrieben, in Zuständigkeit des Standorts LfU Frankfurt. Sie befindet sich in Vierraden, jüdischer Friedhof (Zufahrt über Kronheide im nordöstlichen Bereich von Vierraden Richtung Welse, vor Brücke links "Welsestrand", nach ca. 150m Weg links, dann noch 20 m zur Messstelle, unter Gebüsch versteckt). Die Messstation gehört zum Beschaffenheitsmessnetz. Die Messstellenart ist Beobachtungsrohr. Der Grundwasserleiter wird beschrieben als: GWLK 1 (weitgehend unbedeckt). Der Zustand des Grundwassers wird beschrieben als: keine Angabe. Der zugehörige Grundwasserkörper ist: DEGB_DEBB_ODR_OD_4. Der Messzyklus ist 4 x monatlich. . Ein Schichtverzeichnis liegt nicht vor. Das Höhenprofil in diesem System ist: Messpunkthöhe: 4.65 m Geländehöhe: 4.00 m Filteroberkante: (keine Angabe) Filterunterkante: (keine Angabe) Sohle (letzte Einmessung): -4.14 m Sohle bei Ausbau: -6.35 m Die Messstelle wurde im Höhensystem NHN92 eingemessen.
Das Projekt "14C content of specific organic compounds in subsoils" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität zu Köln, Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie.Organic matter (OM) composition and dynamic in subsoils is thought to be significantly different from those in surface soils. This has been suggested by increasing apparent 14C ages of bulk soil OM with depth suggesting that the amount of fresh, more easily degradable components is declining. Compositional changes have been inferred from declining ä13C values and C/N ratios indicative for stronger OM transformation. Beside these bulk OM data more specific results on OM composition and preservation mechanisms are very limited but modelling studies and results from incubation experiments suggest the presence and mineralization of younger, 'reactive carbon pool in subsoils. Less refractory OM components may be protected against degradation by interaction with soil mineral particles and within aggregates as suggested by the very limited number of more specific OM analysis e.g., identification of organic compound in soil fractions. The objective of this project is to characterize the composition, transformation, stabilization and bioavailability of OM in subsurface horizons on the molecular level: 1) major sources and compositional changes with depth will be identified by analysis of different lipid compound classes in surface and subsoil horizons, 2) the origin and stabilization of 'reactive OM will be revealed by lipid distributions and 14C values of soil fractions and of selected plant-specific lipids, and 3) organic substrates metabolized by microbial communities in subsoils are identified by distributional and 14C analysis of microbial membrane lipids. Besides detailed analyses of three soil profiles at the subsoil observatory site (Grinderwald), information on regional variability will be gained from analyses of soil profiles at sites with different parent material.
Das Projekt "Improving the Livelihood of the Rural Population through the Production of Bushmeat in Ghana" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH / Stiftung Walderhaltung in Afrika. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Hamburg, Arbeitsbereich für Weltforstwirtschaft und Institut für Weltforstwirtschaft des Friedrich-Löffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit.Background: Ghanas transition forests, neighbouring savannahs and timber plantations in the Ashanti region face a constant degradation due to the increased occurrence of fires. In most cases the fires are deliberately set by rural people for hunting purposes. Main target is a cane rat, here called grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus), whose bushmeat is highly esteemed throughout the country. The animal is a wild herbivorous rodent of subhumid areas in Africa south of the Sahara. The grasscutter meat is an important source of animal protein. Existing high-value timber plantations (mainly Teak, Tectona grandis) are affected by fires for hunting purposes. Thus resulting in growth reduction, loss of biomass or even complete destruction of the forest stands. It became obvious that solutions had to be sought for the reduction of the fire risk. Objectives: Since 2004 the Institute for World Forestry of the Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products, Hamburg, Germany is cooperating with a Ghanaian timber plantation company (DuPaul Wood Treatment Ltd.) the German Foundation for Forest Conservation in Africa (Stiftung Walderhaltung in Afrika) and the Center for International Migration with the purpose to improve the livelihood of the rural population in the surroundings of the forest plantation sites and simultaneously to safeguard and improve the timber plantations. The introduction of grasscutter rearing systems to local farmers accompanied by permanent agricultural and agroforestry practices appeared to be a promising approach for the prevention of fires in the susceptible areas. Additionally a functioning grasscutter breeding system could contribute to the improvement of food security, development of income sources and the alleviation of poverty. The following measures are implemented: - Identification of farmers interested in grasscutter captive breeding, - Implementation of training courses for farmers on grasscutter rearing, - Delivery of breeding animals, - Supervision of rearing conditions by project staff, - Development of a local extension service for monitoring activities, - Evaluation of structures for grasscutter meat marketing. Results: After identification of key persons for animal rearing training courses were successfully passed and animals were delivered subsequently. Further investigations will evaluate the effects of the grasscutter rearing in the project region. This will be assessed through the - Acceptance of grasscutter rearing by farmers, - Success of the animal caging, - Reproduction rate, - Meat quality, - Marketing success of meat, - Reduction of fire in the vicinity of the timber plantations, - Improvement of peoples livelihood.
Für den vorbeugenden Hochwasserschutz sind Gebiete und Räume, die bei Hochwasser überschwemmt und die für Hochwasserrückhaltung beansprucht werden, als Überschwemmungsgebiete festgesetzt und gesetzlich geschützt. Die wesentlichen Verbote der Bebauung und der Bodenaufbringung in Überschwemmungsgebieten sollen die Gefahren bei Hochwasser verringern und die Funktion der Hochwasserrückhaltung nachhaltig gewährleisten. Eigentümer von Flächen in Überschwemmungsgebieten können sich gerne über weitere Verbote aber auch Genehmigungsmöglichkeiten von Vorhaben auf ihren Flächen erkundigen. Im Landkreis Oldenburg bestehen bisher 9 Überschwemmungsgebiete: Überschwemmungsgebiet des Bümmersteder Fleths Hochwasserrückhaltebecken der Delme Überschwemmungsgebiet der Delme von Holzkamp bis Harpstedt Überschwemmungsgebiet der Delme von Harpstedt bis zur Kreisgrenze Überschwemmungsgebiet des Dünsener Baches Überschwemmungsgebiet der Hunte unterhalb der Stadt Oldenburg Überschwemmungsgebiet der Hunte von Goldenstedt bis Höven Überschwemmungsgebiet des Klosterbachs Überschwemmungsgebiet der Lethe Überschwemmungsgebiet des Randgrabens mit Polder Weitere Überschwemmungsgebiete sind für die Berne mit Kimmer Bäke, die Heidkruger Bäke und die Welse vorgesehen.
Das Projekt "Impact of long-term exposure to elevated pCO2 on activity and populations of free living N2 fixing organisms in a temperate grassland system" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Tropische Agrarwissenschaften (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institut), Fachgebiet Pflanzenbau in den Tropen und Subtropen (490e).The project aims at achieving a better understanding of the processes that drive or limit the response of grassland systems in a world of increasing atmospheric pCO2. We will test the hypothesis that the previously shown increase in below-ground allocation of C under elevated pCO2 provides the necessary energy excess and will stimulate free-living N2 fixers in a low N grassland environment. The project thus aims at assessing the occurrence and importance of free-living N2 fixers under elevated pCO2 and identify the associated microbial communities involved in order to better understand ecosystems response and sustainability of grassland systems. This project had the last opportunity to obtain soil samples from a grassland ecosystem adapted to long-term (10 year) elevated atmospheric pCO2 as the Swiss FACE experiment. The project aims to identify the relevant components of free-living diazotrophs of the microbial community using 15N stable isotope - DNA probing.
Das Projekt "Natural variation of flowering time due to cis-regulatory evolution of FLOWERING LOCUS T and its orthologs and paralogs in Brassica napus" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Max-Planck-Institut für Pflanzenzüchtungsforschung, Abteilung Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen.In many plant species, FLOWERING LOCUS T and related proteins are the mobile signal that communicates information on photoperiod from the leaves to the shoots, where the transition to flowering is realized. FT expression is tightly controlled at the transcriptional level so that it is restricted to leaves, occurs only in appropriate photoperiods, and integrates ambient temperature and developmental cues, as well as information on biotic and abiotic stress. We previously established that FT transcription in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana requires proximal promoter cis-elements and a distal enhancer, both evolutionary conserved among Brassicacea species. In addition, FT transcription is blocked prior vernalization in biannual accessions and vernalization-dependency of FT is controlled through a CArG-box located in the first intron that binds the transcriptional repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Chromatin-mediated repression by the Polycomb Group (PcG) pathway is required for photoperiod-dependent FT regulation and participates in FT expression level modulation in response to other cues.In this project, I propose to explore the available sequence data from the 1001 genome project in Arabidopsis to evaluate how often changes in regulatory cis-elements at FT have occurred and how these translate into an adaptive value. Allele-specific FT expression pattern will be measured in F1 hybrids of different accessions in response to varying environmental conditions. FT alleles that show cis-regulatory variation will be further analyzed to pinpoint the causal regulatory changes and study their effect in more detail. The allotetrapolyploid species Brassica napus is a hybrid of two Brassiceae species belonging to the A- and C-type genome, which are in turn mesopolyploid due to a genome triplication that occurred ca. 10x106 years ago. We will determine allele-specific expression of FT paralogs from both genomes of a collection of B. napus accessions. The plants will be grown in the field in changing environmental conditions to maximize the chance to detect expression variation of the paralogs. We will compare the contribution of the founder genomes to the regulation of flowering time and asses variation in this contribution. A particular focus will be to study the impact of chromatin-mediated repression on allele selection in B. napus.
Das Projekt "Forschergruppe (FOR) 1320: Crop Sequence and Nutrient Acquisition from the Subsoil, Water as medium for nutrient distribution: Monitoring water distribution between subsoil and topsoil considering roles of biopores and plants, by MRT and pressure probes (WatMed)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Bio-und Geowissenschaften (IBG), IBG-2: Pflanzenwissenschaften.Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) on microcosm soil cores (200 mm Ø) used for CeMiX, comprising naturally stacked subsoil down to 700 mm plus topsoil from CeFiT, will be implemented at a laterally partially open Split 1.5 T magnet, with intended final in-plane spatial resolution of 200 Micro m. Three-dimensional biopore distributions and dynamics of their formation within the cores will be determined non-invasively and compared to complementing CT analyses of SP 2. One major aim is a non-invasive differentiation of the biopores into earthworm- and root system-originating ones and currently air-, water-, root- and earthwormfilled ones, based on NMR relaxation parameters. Attempts will additionally be made to classify different wall coatings of the biopores with regard to their water affinity. Dynamics of water distribution within the microcosm core and its biopore structures, starting from initial values taken from CeFiT (SP 3), will be documented with an in-plane resolution of 5 mm, in parallel to measurements of root growth dynamics for calculation of biomass and root surface area. Special emphasis will be put on the role of the plant root system for a re-distribution of water/D2O (and solutes) between different soil layers. Finally we will attempt MRT-controlled sample collection from the microcosm cores, to get - together with our research unit partners of SPs 4-8 - repeated access to minimally invasively acquired data on nutrient and microorganism distributions in concert with non-invasively collected water and root distribution data as a basis for dynamic modelling of water and solute circuits in SP 10. Beside the microcosm cores, flat rhizotrons as used in SP 3 will be employed to enable measurements of root and shoot hydrostatic pressure profiles with pressure probes, in addition to MRT measurements. In this way water distributions and corresponding driving forces and growth dynamics will be measured altogether in a minimally invasive manner.
Das Projekt "Urbane aquatische Kreislaufwirtschaft für Bremen, Teilprojekt 3 - Umsetzungsphase" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Acheron GmbH.
Das Projekt "Urbane aquatische Kreislaufwirtschaft für Bremen, Teilprojekt 5 - Umsetzungsphase" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Farmcycle GmbH.
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