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Quantification of the influence of current use fungicides and climate change on allochthonous Organic MATer decomposition in streams (QUANTOMAT)

Das Projekt "Quantification of the influence of current use fungicides and climate change on allochthonous Organic MATer decomposition in streams (QUANTOMAT)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Institut für Umweltwissenschaften.The decomposition of terrestrial organic material such as leaf litter represents a fundamental ecosystem function in streams that delivers energy for local and downstream food webs. Although agriculture dominates most regions in Europe and fungicides are applied widely, effects of currently used fungicides on the aquatic decomposer community and consequently the leaf decomposition rate are largely unknown. Also potential compensation of such hypothesised adverse effects due to nutrients or higher average water temperatures associated with climate change are not considered. Moreover, climate change is predicted to alter the community of aquatic decomposers and an open question is, whether this alteration impacts the leaf decomposition rate. The current projects follows a tripartite design to answer these research questions. Firstly, a field study in a vine growing region where fungicides are applied in large amounts will be conducted to whether there is a dose-response relationship between the exposure to fungicides and the leaf decomposition rate. Secondly, experiments in artificial streams with field communities will be carried out to assess potential compensatory mechanisms of nutrients and temperature for effects of fungicides. Thirdly, field experiments with communities exhibiting a gradient of taxa sensitive to climate change will be used to investigate potential climate-related effects on the leaf decomposition rate.

LIFE-IP ZENAPA: Zero Emission Nature Protection Areas

Das Projekt "LIFE-IP ZENAPA: Zero Emission Nature Protection Areas" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel / KSB SE & Co. KGaA / Senatsverwaltung für Umwelt, Verkehr und Klimaschutz Berlin / Stiftung Natur und Umwelt Rheinland-Pfalz. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Hochschule Trier - Trier University of Applied Sciences, Fachbereich Technik, Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement.ZENAPA stands for 'Zero Emission Nature Protection Areas' and is already expressing the project objective of the CO2e neutral large-scale protection areas (GSG) in the project name. ZENAPA not only wants to contribute to climate protection, nature conservation, and species protection but also proves that these objectives do not contradict but can be achieved in a cooperative manner. Essential targets and objectives are to implement the national and pan-European climate protection targets (CAP 2020 and CPP 2050), taking into account the national and European biodiversity and bio-economic strategies. On December 16th 2016 the project 'LIFE-IP ZENAPA - Zero Emission Nature Protection Areas' has been approved by the EU-funding programme for environment, nature protection and climate policy 'LIFE'. The project meets the challenge to harmonize the German Energiewende (energy revolution) with different requirements of climate-, nature- and species protection. The integrated project of the LIFE-subprogram 'Climate', has a budget of 17 million Euros, of which 8 million Euro are funded by the EU. While, project partners and other co-financers cover the remaining amount. The project has started on the 1st November 2016 and covers a period of eight years. There are three phases of the project with a duration of 2.5 years for the first and the last phase plus 3 years for the second phase. Objectives: The project aims to achieve CO2e?-neutrality of large-scale protected areas, inter alia, national parks, biosphere reserves, nature parks and their neighbouring regions. The fundamental requirement is the implementation of the national and European climate protection goals (CAP 2020 and CPP 2050), having regard to the national and European biodiversity- and bio economy strategies. Furthermore, the following project objectives are pursued: - Balancing of competing interests between climate protection measures as well as nature- and environmental compatibility through a regional climate protection strategy and assigned pragmatic measures, - Development of a role model function in the field of climate protection and biodiversity of the large-scale protected areas for rural as well as for the semi urban regions, - Transformation of nature protection - large-scale areas and regions to climate protection regions witch voluntarily agreed climate protection goals (based on CO2-Certificates), - Compensation of the effects of, for example 'climate relevant' prohibitions in the large-scale protection area by involvement and further development of the neighbouring regions, - Strengthening of economic development and reduction of losses along the climate effective value-added chain, - Implementation of measures with climate protection- and biodiversity effects in the large-scale protection areas. (abridged text)

H2020-EU.3.5. - Societal Challenges - Climate action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials - (H2020-EU.3.5. - Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen - Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Ressourceneffizienz und Rohstoffe), A cost effective, smart, calibration free, low maintenance pH sensor providing an integrated approach to monitoring sea and drinking water, facilitating improvements in ocean, animal and human health (pHenom)

Das Projekt "H2020-EU.3.5. - Societal Challenges - Climate action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials - (H2020-EU.3.5. - Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen - Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Ressourceneffizienz und Rohstoffe), A cost effective, smart, calibration free, low maintenance pH sensor providing an integrated approach to monitoring sea and drinking water, facilitating improvements in ocean, animal and human health (pHenom)" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Anb Sensors Limited.

Automated Sorting and Recycling of Waste Lamps (ILLUMINATE)

Das Projekt "Automated Sorting and Recycling of Waste Lamps (ILLUMINATE)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: C-Tech Innovation Ltd..In order to facilitate lamp waste treatment, maximize the recovery rates and improve working environment, an automated, sealed sorting unit will be required. The concept of the ILLUMINATE proposal is to develop automated systems that are able to effectively sort bulbs into different classes and remove foreign objects. This is essential for an economically viable process. The unit will be based on a sensor system combined with self-learning processing unit and will be able to recognize shapes, colours materials, and/or weight. To remedy the current situation where there is little or no separation of mercury containing from non mercury containing materials from bulbs at end of life, the ILLUMINATE project will develop methods and processes for two main areas of the supply chain: collection of the waste streams and sorting of the waste. Once the identification and separation has been achieved the materials from both mercury containing and non mercury containing waste streams can then be handled by the appropriate processing steps in order to cost effectively recycle the waste bulbs. This proposal aims at enhancing the current recycling chain by providing a complete process from collection to pre-processing of waste lamps. In addition to sorting the lamps into proper fractions, the sorting unit will be able to register the number and types of lamps (or other objects) passing through the unit, thereby enabling well-defined statistics on treated lamps and process disturbances due to non-lamp objects received. The statistics provide a basis for more accurate waste treatment costs, other compensation models for producer responsibility, market/sales data and a basis for production planning.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 527: Bereich Infrastruktur - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program/Ocean Drilling Program (IODP/ODP), Sub project: The Eocene/Oligocene Transition - a cyclostratigraphic perspective

Das Projekt "Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 527: Bereich Infrastruktur - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program/Ocean Drilling Program (IODP/ODP), Sub project: The Eocene/Oligocene Transition - a cyclostratigraphic perspective" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Bremen, Zentrum für marine Umweltwissenschaften.We plan to establish a fully integrated and astronomically calibrated bio-, chemo-, and magnetostratigraphy at the equatorial Pacific for the Bartonian and Priabonian (41 to 34 Ma) to improve, date, and intercalibrate bio- and magnetostratigraphic datums. An accurate and precise age model is critical to unravel the cause and consequences of events across the Eocene/Oligocene climatic transition. Prerequisite is the correlation and integration of ODP Leg 199 (Sites 1218 through 1220) and IODP Expedition 320 (Sites U1331 through U1334) data (XRF core scanning, physical properties, bio- and magnetostratigraphy) for the middle to late Eocene and earliest Oligocene (magnetic polarity chrons C12n to C20n). The revised composite records will be used to validate and extend the astronomical calibration of the geological timescale into the middle Eocene. We plan to reconstruct the equatorial Pacific Carbonate Compensation Depth (CCD) in detail by using calibrated high-resolution XRF core scanning data with the aim to address how and why the acidity of the oceans changed in association with shifts in the global Eocene climate. We further will explore the characteristics of the Carbonate Accumulation Events (CAE) and evaluate the relationship of the long-period carbonate cycles in the equatorial Pacific sediments to astronomical forcing. Finally, we would like to contribute to a new high-resolution (on orbital time-scales) record of stable isotopes from bulk sediments at four IODP Exp. 320 sites (U1331 through U1334) along a depth transect from the top of magnetic polarity chron C15n through the base of C12r across the Eocene/Oligocene transition (35 to 33 Ma).

Biodiversitätsflächen zur Minderung der Umweltauswirkungen von Pflanzenschutzmitteln: Anforderungen an Kompensationsmaßnahmen im Risikomanagement

Das Projekt "Biodiversitätsflächen zur Minderung der Umweltauswirkungen von Pflanzenschutzmitteln: Anforderungen an Kompensationsmaßnahmen im Risikomanagement" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Michael-Otto-Institut im Naturschutzbund, Forschungs- und Bildungszentrum für Feuchtgebiete und Vogelschutz.Die Biodiversität im Agrarbereich ist in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten stark zurückgegangen. Als we-sentlicher Grund für die Artenverluste wird die Intensivierung der Landwirtschaft, insbesondere auch die Anwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln (PSM) angesehen. Eine Möglichkeit, Biodiversitätsverluste durch PSM auszugleichen, bieten Kompensationsflächen. In dieser Studie wird die Wirksamkeit von Kompensationsflächen bewertet. Studien an Vögeln und Säugetieren über die Mindestausstattung von Agrar-Lebensräumen mit geeigneten Habitat-Komponenten zeigen, dass deren Flächenanteil mindestens 10 % der Anwendungsfläche biodiversitätsschädigender PSM betragen muss. Für Amphibien, Arthropoden und Pflanzen der Agrarlandschaft liegen kaum entsprechenden Daten vor. Die Ergebnisse von Experteninterviews ergaben 15 % ökologischer Aufwertungsfläche für Vögel und 20% für Ackerwildkräuter. Für die Umsetzung der Kompensation werden zwei Ansätze vorgeschlagen. Der erste, sehr einfache Ansatz besteht nur aus der Maßnahme 'selbstbegrünte Brache' in Streifenform. Als Kompensation für einen biodiversitätsschädigenden PSM-Einsatz ist eine Brachefläche in der Größe von 10 % der zu be-handelnden Fläche nachzuweisen. Der zweite Ansatz basiert auf einem Punktesystem, mit dem die zu erbringenden Kompensationsleistungen mit verschiedenen, darunter auch mit produktionsbezogenen Maßnahmen erfüllt werden können. Das System und die Maßnahmen werden im Detail vorgestellt. Ein Abgleich zeigt, dass viele der aktuellen Agrarumwelt- und Klimamaßnahmen (AUM) der Bundesländer prinzipiell mit dem hier vorgeschlagene Punktesystem übereinstimmen. Allerdings sind die Ansätze und Förderbedingungen in den Bundesländern sehr unterschiedlich und umfassen eine breite Spanne der Ausgestaltung. Abschließend wird der Einfluss der Abdrift auf die kompensatorische Wirkung von Ökologischen Aufwertungsflächen (ÖAF) untersucht.

Forschergruppe (FOR) 816: Biodiversity and Sustainable Management of a Megadiverse Mountain Ecosystem in South Ecuador, C3: Market inclusion of ecosystem services: A viable option to achieve sustainable land use in the tropics?

Das Projekt "Forschergruppe (FOR) 816: Biodiversity and Sustainable Management of a Megadiverse Mountain Ecosystem in South Ecuador, C3: Market inclusion of ecosystem services: A viable option to achieve sustainable land use in the tropics?" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Fachgebiet für Waldinventur und nachhaltige Nutzung.The concept of ecosystem services (ES) links ecosystem functioning and human wel-fare to achieve sustainable land use. However, the success of this concept will critically depend on sources to finance the provision of ES (possibly mobilized by means of markets for ES), on credibility of ES values and on willingness of ES providers to ac-cept financial compensation. Our proposal addresses these aspects: The first part investigates how the land use in Ecuador would change if ES were actually acknowl-edged as economic values. We will use and develop a risk sensitive economic modeling approach to integrate the uncertainty of expected economic values for ES. The aim is to explore how the uncertainty of ES values would affect investments into specific ecosystem types and the connected conversion processes from tropical forest lands to other land use types and vice versa. The second proposal part investigates the willing-ness to accept financial compensation for providing ES. In this part we adapt a risk-sensitive bioeconomic farm model that combines various productive but sustainable land management options to real farm situations. The farm level modeling builds upon the effects of risk compensation from diversified land use by means of a land use port-folio approach. It will be used to derive acceptable individual and thus effective conser-vation payments.

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 527: Bereich Infrastruktur - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program/Ocean Drilling Program (IODP/ODP), Sub project: Fluctuations of the oceanic Ca isotopic budget and environmental changes during highly dynamic transitions of the Cenozoic

Das Projekt "Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 527: Bereich Infrastruktur - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program/Ocean Drilling Program (IODP/ODP), Sub project: Fluctuations of the oceanic Ca isotopic budget and environmental changes during highly dynamic transitions of the Cenozoic" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Münster, Institut für Mineralogie.IODP Expeditions 320 and 321 retrieved well preserved continuous core material from the equatorial eastern Pacific that provides an excellent archive for reconstructions of Cenozoic climate, a period which is known for its times of rapid and extreme climate variability. Besides reconstruction of temperature and salinity fluctuations, a main aim of this expedition was to enhance the understanding of carbon cycling, in particular the interplay of carbonate compensation depth (CCD), CaCO3-dissolution and productivity. Major and rapid changes in the Pacific CCD during the Cenozoic reveal strong dynamics in the oceanic C and Ca budget. The exact role of Ca is yet unclear; in particular the Ca sources for the massive pelagic CaCO3 deposition during CCD deepening need to be further constrained (continental input, shelf-weathering, uncompensated consumption of dissolved Ca). Based on microfossil records, we will reconstruct the fluctuations of delta 44/40Ca of the paleo seawater, model the oceanic Ca budget during key periods of climate change, and better constrain the role of Ca in terms of input, redistribution and output during times of massive CCD changes and important stratigraphic transitions.

Biodiversity in agroecosystems: a multi-trophic approach to metacommunities

Das Projekt "Biodiversity in agroecosystems: a multi-trophic approach to metacommunities" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Freiburg, Institut für Biologie II.The goal of the proposal is to explore the structure and functioning of metacommunities in ecological compensation areas at a multi-trophic level. First, we will assess the effect of plant diversity and herbivore and/or predator exclusion on metacommunity functioning in sown wildflower strips. We will document the communities inhabiting these experimental plots, paying attention at interactions between species, and with consideration of larger consumers linking these habitats with the surrounding matrix. Second, we will explore the relationship between various measures of the environment (isolation, habitat size) and descriptors of the metacommunities (diversity, composition, abundances, and productivity of various taxonomic groups, food-web structure, temporal variability, local invasions and extinctions). Third, using a high-quality dataset on quantitative food webs and the present data, we will conduct meta-analyses to test various models of community organisation (neutral models of biodiversity, species-area relationship in trophic levels, regional similarity hypothesis, food-web structure). Fourth, we will develop various models describing food-web structure and metacommunities dynamics. We will synthesize our results to develop a theory of 'meta food-webs'. Fifth, we will apply the gained knowledge to improve current agri-environment schemes. The study of species interactions in spatially structured metacommunities is comprehensive and global. As such, this project has a strong potential to provide fundamental insight into conservation biology. This project is multidisciplinary, putting together practitioners, ecologists and mathematicians, and is expected to yield important results both of fundamental and conservation relevance. We will use various methodologies to reach our goals. For the first part, we will set up an experiment with replicated sown wildflower strips where plant species richness and the abundance of major predators (foxes and birds of prey) and/or of major herbivores (voles and slugs) will be controlled (balanced incomplete block design). The other parts will rely on classical meta-analyses, multivariate statistics, and mathematical modelling. For the latter part, we will develop stochastic models to explore the dynamics of communities.

Produktionsintegrierte Kompensationsmaßnahmen. Rechtliche Möglichkeiten, Akzeptanz, Effizienz und naturschutzgerechte Nutzung

Das Projekt "Produktionsintegrierte Kompensationsmaßnahmen. Rechtliche Möglichkeiten, Akzeptanz, Effizienz und naturschutzgerechte Nutzung" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Rostock, Forschungsgruppe Prof.Dr. Detlef Czybulka, ehem. Lehrstuhl für Staats- und Verwaltungsrecht, Umweltrecht und Öffentliches Wirtschaftsrecht.Vom Flächenverbrauch durch Siedlung und Verkehr sind mehrheitlich landwirtschaftlich genutzte Flächen betroffen. Die naturschutzrechtlich erforderliche Kompensation (der Ausgleich bzw. Ersatz) erfolgt vorwiegend auf land- (und forst-)wirtschaftlichen Flächen. Diese Situation ist weder für die Landwirtschaft noch für den Naturschutz, der somit überwiegend außerhalb der bewirtschafteten Flächen erfolgt, befriedigend. Durch eine angepasste naturschutzverträgliche Bewirtschaftung können Kompensationsmaßnahmen in die landwirtschaftliche Produktion integriert werden. Solche oftmals kooperativen Lösungsansätze haben den Vorteil, dass die Flächen nicht der Produktion entzogen werden und zugleich eine Verbesserung des ökologischen Erhaltungszustandes dieses Lebensraumes erfolgt. Ziel des Projektes ist die Analyse der maßgeblichen rechtlichen, ökonomischen, naturschutzfachlichen und institutionellen Bedingungen für produktionsintegrierte, flächige Kompensationsmaßnahmen. Während der dreijährigen Projektlaufzeit wird untersucht, inwieweit produktionsintegrierte Kompensationsmaßnahmen, gegebenenfalls im Verbund mit Agrarumweltmaßnahmen, zu effizienten Problemlösungen für Landwirtschaft und Naturschutz beitragen können. Vor dem Hintergrund des anhaltend hohen Verlustes an Biodiversität in der mitteleuropäischen Kulturlandschaft wird auch untersucht, welchen Beitrag Kompensationsmaßnahmen in Agrarlandschaften zur Erhaltung der biologischen Vielfalt auf landwirtschaftlich genutzten Flächen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland leisten und künftig leisten könnten. Dabei werden auch Vorschläge zur Fortentwicklung der naturschutzrechtlichen Eingriffsregelung erarbeitet. Das Vorhaben schließt die Initiierung von Modellprojekten und eine intensive Öffentlichkeitsarbeit ein.

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