Dieser Dienst enthält Informationen zur Populationsdichte der Schweinswale in den deutschen Offshore-Gebieten basierend auf einem 10x10 km Raster (EU-GRID).
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Das Projekt "Do it yourself solar house" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Garbersbau, Hermann Garbers GmbH & Co. durchgeführt. Objective: Aim of the project was to demonstrate the marketability of our 'Do-it-yourself-solar-house'. By this, the gap between our developments and their application should be closed. The specific innovation of the project is, that our Do-it-yourself-conception bases on a construction manual for building (solar) houses which is very detailed but nevertheless also understandable for non-professionals. In addition, we can and do supply full technical support to the client, e.g. concerning safety standards etc., because all construction sites are located near. The market studies which have been carried out, show that in the FRG the market share of Do-it-yourself-houses (one-and-two-family-houses) is about 51,9 per cent. For the first time, our project will introduce to his large market the possibility of building a solar house by a Do-it-yourself technique. General Information: The purpose of this project was to close the gap between the developments of the do-it-yourself-solar houses we (Solar Module) have carried out so far and their application and establishment on the market. Before carrying out the necessary data for the assessment of technical and commercial feasibility of this plan. Compared to conventional buildings this do-it-yourself concept will save costs and, therefore, this concept will contribute to establish (on larger scale) the environment protecting passive solar energy on the market. By the application of passive technology, five detached family houses are heated by solar energy. Conventional energy will be replaced and resources of raw materials will be saved. The houses were built in normal sizes. All five houses are equipped with a conventional heating system (gas). The floor area of the solar houses is about 12 m2. Three of five solar houses are facing South, two facing West. The provided locations for these buildings are two different districts in the region of Lüneburg. Achievements: The clients decided in favour of a do-it-yourself detached family house mainly for financial reasons. They all belong to the financially weak. For them building a do-it-yourself solar house meant increasing the value of their home and possibly saving energy. The solar houses are used mostly as an extension of the living room. In all cases the warm air of the solar house was used for heating the living-room. The solar houses facing South had some problems with overheating during summer time. Some occupants regret that their solar house is too small. Three of five occupants think that the solar house needs too much attention e.g. cleaning the glass. Thermal reaction of the building on cloudy winter days: an effect of diffuse sunlight can be observed in the houses with Solar Modules facing South. Otherwise, there is no influence on the room-temperature. Thermal reaction of the building on sunny winter days: greatest influence of solar radiation is to be seen in the Solar Module facing South e.g. it made the temperature of the Solar Module...
Das Projekt "Ozone soundings as a tool for detecting ozone change" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung - Institut AWI - Forschungsstelle Potsdam durchgeführt. Objective: 1. To measure the rate and extent of ozone loss both inside the Arctic vortex and at middle latitudes during the winters of 1995-96, 96-97 and 97-98. 2. To follow the ozone destruction as it develops during an individual winter and from one winter to the next. 3. To investigate the structure and duration of laminae episodes. 4. To extend the important record of ozonesonde data obtained during the last four winters. 5. To build a data base of quality controlled ozonesonde data collected since 1988. 6. To provide this and other projects with meteorological analyses and forecasts from ECMWF. General Information: The work programme consists of five work packages: 1. Purchase and distribution of sondes and sonde operation 2. Match campaign and analysis If ozone loss occurs it will be detected by launching sondes from different stations into the same air mass a few days apart. This is achieved by using forecast trajectories. A large number of such matching pairs is needed in order to get a good statistics. It is the aim to investigate the ozone loss both inside the polar vortex and at middle latitudes. Sondes launched in Canada will be used as primary sondes, and the same air mass will be measured by the European stations. 3. Ozone laminae, climatology and trends 3.1 Mean ozone field 3.2 Ozone versus potential vorticity (PV) The effects of dynamics will be isolated from chemical effects by considering the relative evolution of ozone and PV. 3.3 Extension to subtropical latitudes This activity will address changes in the ozone distribution caused by dynamical changes, which can then be linked to the effects seen at middle latitudes. 3.4 Ozone trends on isentropic levels The temporal evolution of the ozone mixing ratio at isentropic surfaces will be studied. Diabatic descent will be accounted for. Data will be sorted according to the PV values at the sounding site. 3.5 Measurement of ozone laminae A newly improved ozone lidar will measure ozone from 4 to 18 km. It will be used to measure the passage of ozone laminae over Aberystwyth, in order to determine the typical along-flow scales of these features. 4. Quality control and homogeneous ozonesonde data base Ozonesonde data will be subject to daily quality control. A comparison of how the different stations convert raw data to geophysical data will be carried out before winter 1996-97. Common sounding instructions will be distributed to the stations. After the campaign the post mission quality control will verify the correctness of the final data in close collaboration with the station PIs. An archive of quality controlled data from 1988-1998 will be made and disseminated on CD-ROM. 5. Data centre and ECMWF data Ozonesonde data will be collected from the sounding stations in near real time. Data from ECMWF will be collected for use by OSDOC and some other projects. Prime Contractor: Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller; Norway.
Das Projekt "Analysis of the role of sea ice and frost flowers as a source of salt aerosol" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Zentrum für Meeres- und Klimaforschung, Institut für Meereskunde (IfM) durchgeführt. Our project tries to answer the question: 'What kind of role do sea ice and frost flowers play as the source of sea salt aerosols in polar regions and what influences do the meteorological parameters have on the generation of sea salt aerosols and their transport in the atmosphere?'. Long-time measurements of aerosols at coastal stations in Antarctica show a strong depletion of sulfate during Antarctic winter. The same phenomena is also observed in frost flowers. This suggests that sea ice is a major source of atmospheric sea salt in Antarctica and gives new insights for the interpretation of ice core records. Moreover, sea ice and sea salt aerosols are thought to be the source of reactive Bromine and other halogen compounds which destroy effectively ozone in the troposphere. 25 years of continuous aerosol measurement at Neumayer station in Antarctica give us the possibility to make a statistical analysis of sea salt aerosols. Trajectory analyses are implemented to follow the atmospheric transport and therefore to determine the source regions of observed sea salt aerosols. A box model will be developed to compare the various influences of meteorological parameters on the mass of sea salt aerosols produced so that quantitative parameterization can be transferred to global circulation models which include detailed description of atmospheric chemistry and aerosols to investigate the generation of halogen chemistry and ozone destruction in the troposphere.
Das Projekt "Modular system for an autonomous electrical power supply on cape clear island" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von SMA-Regelsysteme durchgeführt. Objective: Construction of a modular system for an autonomous electrical power supply system on the Irish island of Cape Clear, consisting of two MAN Wind turbines of 30 KW each, one diesel generating set of 72 KW, which will be added to the existing ones and a short term battery storage, in order to show the principal function and efficiency of such system. The total estimated energy production is 200 MWh of which 60 MWh from the diesel aggregate. The estimated energy produced by each wind turbine is about 70 MWh annually. General Information: Two AEROMAN wind turbines of 30 KW each have been installed on the Irish island of Cape Clear and have been connected to a 72 KW diesel aggregate and a 100 KWh short term HAGEN battery storage in order to create a modular system for an autonomous electrical power supply and to demonstrate the principal function and efficiency of such system. The average windspeed on the island lies above a yearly average value of 7. 8 m/s and wind conditions are better during the winter period than in summer. There are five essential operation modes which differ in the mode of frequency control, while voltage control is maintained by a small synchronous generator. The actual grid frequency is taken as base value for the plants control unit: 1. Parallel operation of WECs and diesel engine. 2. Parallel operation of the diesel generator and the battery storage. 3. Parallel operation of the WECs and the battery storage. 4. Single operation of the storage system. 5. Parallel operation of WECs, diesel and battery. The minimum load is about 15 KW and the maximum one about 120 KW. The total annual yield has been estimated to 200 MWh of which 60 MWh from the diesel aggregate, with an estimated cost per unit of DM 0. 50, while a conventional solution (only diesel) has a cost of DM 0. 25/KWh. The project will be realized in cooperation with the firme MAN-Neue Technologie and Kassel/University des Landes Hessen and the National Board for Science and Technology in Ireland. Achievements: The wind turbines were installed in October 1986 and are since then in operation. The control system, the battery storage and the 72 KW diesel generator were installed in August 1987. The mean wind velocity in 1987 was 9. 7 m/s and the total energy consumption of the island for the same period amounts 338 MWh. From the overall energy consumption (of the reporting period), wind supplied 70 per cent, the diesel set 31 per cent and the batteries 11 per cent, while the battery storage input was 12 per cent. Following a damage in the battery storage system and the local utilities unwillingness to take over the operation of the system, only the wind turbines were still in operation in the beginning of 1993. The future of the project is uncertain due to the scheduled connection of the islands to the mainland grid. The ultimately very bad relationship between ESB and SMA have considerably detracted form the outcome of the project. The inhabitants of Cape ...
Das Projekt "Ein Beitrag zur Oekologie des Tiefbeckens des Weissen Meeres" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung e.V. (AWI) durchgeführt. General Information: The deep water ecosystem of the White Sea is exposed to perennial Arctic water temperatures and covered by winter sea ice. It will be studied as an example of Arctic seas emphasizing the relationships between the different sub-systems (coupling of ice biota, pelagos and benthos) and focussing on the question, how a presumably oligotrophic deep water fauna is sustained and regulated by input of particulate organic matter during the limited productive season. For this, the whole biotic system will be analysed from spring till autumn (primary producers including ice-algae, pelagic consumers including remineralising micro-organisms, larger copepods and near-bottom zooplankton, and the main macro-and meio-benthos groups). Oceanographic conditions and plant nutrients will be monitored, and the vertical particle flux be measured by short and longer term exposures of sediment traps. Benthic responses to food input will be investigated by life cycle analyses (e.g. gonad maturation, spawning and spat fall of macrofauna), composition of the meiofauna (e.g. dominances of different feeding types) and also changes in diversity patterns. The overall benthic respiration (oxygen uptake rates) will be obtained from sediment core incubations, which will allow estimates of remineralisation activities of the bulk small fauna and micro-organisms. From these measurements and consumption estimates of the larger animals from their biomass and laboratory/literature data about metabolic rates, benthic budgets of energy flow will be derived. The benthic demands will be compared with the data obtained about primary production, pelagic consumption and from the vertical fluxes estimated by the sediment trap exposures. As the White Sea is well accessable even during winter, additional studies (e.g. on ice organisms and on winter metabolism of selected bottom fauna) are intended to better understand biological activities during the non-productive season. Such data as well as investigations of the entire ecosystem during the whole productive season are lacking for Arctic seas, for which the Deep water White Sea system will be regarded as a model. Prime Contractor: Alfred Wegener Institut for Polar and Marine Research, Sektion Biology I, Arctic Benthos Ecology Group; Bremerhaven; Germany.
Das Projekt "Erasmus Mundus Master Programme in Flood Risk Management (FRM)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Dresden, Bereich Bau und Umwelt, Fachrichtung Hydrowissenschaften , Institut für Hydrologie und Meteorologie, Professur für Meteorologie durchgeführt. There has been a successful application for another 4-year phase in 2019. The EMJMD on Flood risk management (FLOODRisk) is offered by the consortium consisting of IHE Delft (the Netherlands), TU Dresden (Germany) and UPC Barcelona (Spain) and as associated members the University of Ljubljana and others. The programme follows the holistic approach and is explicitly designed to cover wide range of topics - from drivers and natural processes to models, decisions and socio-economic consequences and institutional environment, and is therefore an important advance in water education for Europe. Graduates are educated flood risk professionals with a broad vision of the processes occurring in river basins and in coastal zones at different spatial and temporal scales, and who can master the links between systems, processes and natural and socio-economic constraints for all the aspects of the water cycle. Overall, 80 competitive scholarships are available for students for the total of 4 years and the first students started in September 2019 in Dresden, followed by Delft in summer 2020 and UPC/Ljubljana in winter 2020. Graduates will receive MSc degrees from three institutes.
Das Projekt "Planning tool for underground heat exchangers" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Planungsteam Energie und Bauen Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH durchgeführt. General Information: Underground heat exchangers consist of air-conducting pipes buried in the ground. They are used for pre-heating air during winter time and for pre-cooling during summer. They can often considerably reduce losses associated with ventilation and, if appropriately designed, present an economic extension or alternative to conventional heating and cooling systems. ' For the planned New Acropolis Museum in Athens, an underground heat exchanger can reduce the cooling power in summer by about 40 per cent and the heating power in winter by about 65 per cent ', stated Sebastian Herkel, who is responsible for leading the project. Although a large number of underground heat exchangers have been installed, there is a lack of simple planning tools to provide reliable information and allow the economic and energy potential of this technology to be exploited. On the one hand, underground heat exchangers are simple to install and operate, but make high demands on the design under the economic boundary conditions. The aim of the project is to develop a planning tool, with which the project partners can plan underground heat exchangers reliably and economically. Prime Contractor: Planungsteam energie + bauen; Berlin; Germany.
Das Projekt "UV-Strahlung in Bayern im naechsten Jahrhundert" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Meteorologisches Institut durchgeführt. Solare UV-Strahlung ist eine wichtige Groesse fuer Photochemie und Photobiologie. So sind z.B. Ausbildung und Verlauf sommerlicher Smogepisoden wesentlich vom UV-Angebot abhaengig. Unter biologischen und medizinischen Aspekten ist UV vor allem als Ausloeser von Zellveraenderungen bedeutsam. Moegliche Wirkungen reichen dabei von Ertragseinbussen bei Kulturpflanzen bis hin zu Sonnenbrand und Hautkrebs beim Menschen. In den letzten 30 Jahren hat das stratosphaerische Ozon deutlich abgenommen und die UV-B-Strahlung dementsprechend zugenommen. Zur Abschaetzung und Bewertung der potentiellen Risiken eines zukuenftigen UV-Strahlungsklimas wurden fuer vergangene (1967-1972), derzeitige (1987-1997) und zu erwartende Atmosphaerenbedingungen (2015 und 2050) verschiedenste UV-Strahlungsgroessen bestimmt. Hierfuer wurde die Strahlung unter Verwendung von Szenarien der relevanten Atmosphaerenparameter modelliert. Atmosphaerenparameter unter zukuenftigen Klimabedingungen wurden aus Simulationen des Gesamtozons durch ein globales Zirkulationsmodell sowie regionalen BayFORKLM-Klimasimulationen abgeleitet. Die UV-Strahlung wurde spektral hochaufgeloest fuer verschiedene Empfaengergeometrien (Globalstrahlung, aktinischer Fluss, Bestrahlungsstaerke auf eine vertikale Wand) modelliert. Durch spektrale Wichtung mit verschiedenen Wirkungsspektren (z.B. Erythem, Ozonphotolyse) wurden daraus biologisch und photochemisch relevante UV-Strahlungsgroessen abgeleitet. Flaechendeckend fuer Bayern bzw. in Form von Jahresgaengen fuer bestimmte Orte koennen damit Absolutwerte oder Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Bedingungen (z.B. Gegenwart und Zukunft, Jahreszeit, Atmosphaerenzustaende) angegeben werden. Die biologisch und photochemisch relevante UV-Strahlung nimmt in Bayern von Norden nach Sueden zu. Die Gruende hierfuer liegen sowohl in der zunehmenden Sonnenhoehe als auch in der ansteigenden Orographie, die Auswirkungen auf Luftreinheit und Bodenalbedo hat. Diese Zunahme betraegt zwischen Maintal und Hochlagen der Alpen im Sommer etwa 30 Prozent, im Winter sogar 100 Prozent. Typische Werte fuer wolkenfreie Bedingungen im Sommer liegen etwa 8 mal hoeher als im Winter. Waehrend einer Ozon-Minihole-Episode ist die UV-B-Strahlung typischerweise um 40 Prozent erhoeht. Optisch dicke Wolken reduzieren die UV-Strahlung bis auf etwa 10 Prozent der Werte fuer wolkenlose Atmosphaere. Fuer zukuenftige Bedingungen wurden 3 moegliche Ozonszenarien analysiert, die die voraussichtlichen, aber auch pessimistische und optimistische Bedingungen wiedergeben. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die hohen UV-Werte der letzten Jahre speziell im Winter und Fruehling noch fuer mehrere Jahrzehnte andauern werden. Fuer die Zeit um 2050 ist zu erwarten, dass die UV-Strahlung fuer Sommer und Herbst auf die Werte wie zur Zeit eines anthropogen noch weitgehend ungestoerten Ozongehaltes um 1970 zurueckgeht.(gekuerzt)