Das Projekt "Landsat Science Team" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Geographisches Institut, Geomatik durchgeführt. We contribute to the Landsat Science Team with a focus on long-term satellite data analysis, regional to sub-continental approaches and cross-sensor integration between Landsat and European satellite missions. Our focus is on rapidly changing land systems, including topics such as REDD+ or global land use intensification. The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM provides a backbone activity in Earth observation. The European Sentinel missions, specifically Sentinel-2, and the German Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) will provide great synergies with Landsat-8 and 40 years of archived Landsat data. There are huge opportunities for synergies across sensors and scales in order to achieve better and quasi-continuous high-resolution earth observation products across time and space. At the same time, there is an urgent need to make use of these opportunities, if we wish to move global change research based on Landsat data to the next level. Our research agenda as part of the Landsat Science Team combines aspects of (1) data characterization, (2) product generation and (3) applications. Our approach seeks to maximize synergies between the exceptional depth of the Landsat archive and future European satellite missions for advancing core land system science topics. Our geographic foci include Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, Southeast Asia, and South America.
Das Projekt "The Water, Energy and Food Security Nexus" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Fachhochschule Köln, Institut für Technologie- und Ressourcenmanagement in den Tropen und Subtropen (ITT) durchgeführt. In order to understand the interlinked problems in the Nexus (Latin = connection, linkage, interrelation) of water, energy and food security, close cooperation between scientists and practitioners from different fields is necessary. The present and future challenge of a reliable supply with water, energy and food is an example, where isolated considerations do not lead to viable solutions. Sustainable action and meaningful research in these highly interconnected fields require a holistic and comprehensive perspective and a new approach. In this sense, a collaborative research structure with a holistic view on the Nexus of Water, Energy and Food security was established in 2013 at the Cologne University of Applied Sciences. The project bundles some of the research efforts of 11 professors from different faculties and institutes. The researchers jointly work on initiating new cooperation projects with partners from industry, academia and civil society. Together they aim at exploring new technologies and applying new approaches to solve major issues of efficiency and sustainability in resource use.
Das Projekt "Q3 (Triple-Q) Bridging Qualitative, semi-Quantitative and Quantitative knowledge for modeling" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung e.V. durchgeführt. In various realms of science quantitative mathematical modelling appeared as extremely fruitful explanatory and predictive tool (physics, meteorology, chemistry, etc). Some of the sciences relevant for Global Change research belong to this group, others, more qualitatively oriented sciences (political science, sociology, anthropology, etc), not. For PIK it is therefore a vital question how to include this important knowledge into integrated mathematical modelling activities. Q3 strives to develop methods to achieve this by a threefold strategy: improve existing concepts of qualitative modelling in close co-operation with applications in the qualitative sciences, clarify the role which formal deductive methods can play in these sciences, and investigate how the resulting qualitative mathematical models can best be coupled with well established quantitative models (e.g. the coupling of a quantitative climate model with a qualitative model of land use which includes the complex socio-economic driving forces).
Das Projekt "T 6: Modelling impacts of land use change on environmental services - from research to implementation - initiated by the SFB subproject C4" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Tropische Agrarwissenschaften (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institut), Fachgebiet Pflanzenbau in den Tropen und Subtropen (490e) durchgeführt. Background: In combination with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), dynamic computer models have become valuable tools in landscape analysis and impact assessment of land use at the watershed scale. Landscape models are not only able to simulate mid- to long-term effects of management and land use change on environmental degradation and rehabilitation, but also to depict spatial long term trends in a clear way. However, despite this practical relevance, dynamic models are mostly employed by members of the scientific community. The transfer project T6 aims at making landscape modelling more easily accessible for (present and future) land use planners, offer users support in the entire modelling cycle (data entry, parameterisation, validation, scenario building and analysis) and receive at the same time feedback from the users, which will help improving model acceptance and relevance. Expected results: The T6 project was initiated in response to partners' demand for improved land use planning and research tools that combine a science based approach and applicability in the field. Applications for scenario testing involve testing new land uses for their environmental implications, such as - environmental trade-offs of economically interesting new species like rubber in marginally suitable habitats - carbon sequestration and reduced emission potentials - environmental impact assessment - water use efficiency of crops under conditions of climate change - effects of soil conservation on yields, sedimentation and nutrient cycling - effects of environmental degradation on soil fertility and food security. In teaching, the project will familiarise land use planners and students of agricultural and environmental faculties with modelling approaches and show ways of using watershed models for applied issues. This includes courses at master level, supervision of individual related projects and capacity building for environmental managers and scientists. These activities are intended to foster systems thinking and interdisciplinary cooperation. Evaluation criteria in this context are - Successful model application using locally available data and validation of model outputs by the stakeholders. - Enhanced and more integrated land use planning facilitated by model use and systems thinking - Courses offered to master students, elaboration of teaching materials and model manuals, default data sets and showcase scenarios - Model validation, development of new modules in LUCIA - Direct dialogue between users and developers and on demand development of modules increases acceptance and relevance of the model (abridged text)
Das Projekt "Sustainable futures for Europe's HERitage in CULtural landscapES: Tools for understanding, managing, and protecting landscape functions and values (HERCULES)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Servicezentrum Forschung durchgeführt. European cultural landscapes are valued as everyday living environment, countryside, heritage, scenery with aesthetic and recreational qualities and unique biodiversity, and as a source of ecosystem services that they provide to society. Cultural landscapes, however, are undergoing rapid and fundamental transformations across Europe, mainly as a result of an on-going polarization of land use, with abandonment and rural exodus on the one hand, and intensification and (peri-) urbanisation on the other. So far, substantial challenges have inhibited the design of effective responses to safeguard cultural landscape values. The proposed HERCULES project strives for the empowerment of public and private actors to protect, manage, and plan for sustainable landscapes of significant cultural, historical, and archaeological value at local, national, and pan-European scales. By applying and developing innovative technologies and tools for assessing and mapping cultural landscapes, the project will (a) synthesise existing knowledge on drivers, patterns, and outcomes of persistence and change in Europes cultural landscapes; (b) perform targeted case studies to develop in-depth insights on dynamics and values of cultural landscapes; (c) develop a typology of cultural landscapes and scale-up case study insights using observations and landscape modelling; (d) develop visions for re-coupling social and ecological components in cultural landscapes and translate them into policy and management options; and (e) design and implement a community-based Knowledge Hub for Good Landscape Practice and demonstrate it with land users, agencies, SMEs, and citizen associations. HERCULES comprises European universities, SMEs, NGOs, and a research institute that are leaders in landscape science and practice. The project follows the European Landscape Conventions call for transdisciplinary research and involves all actors with stakes in cultural landscapes of historical and archaeological value.
Das Projekt "DROUGHT-R&SPI:Schnittstelle von Wissenschaft und Politik in der europäischen Forschung über Trockenheit" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Wageningen Universiteit durchgeführt. The project will reduce future Europe's vulnerability and risk to drought by innovative in-depth studies that combine drought investigations in six case study areas in water-stressed regions (river basin and national scale) with drought analyses at the pan-European scale. Knowledge transfer across these scales is paramount because vulnerability is context-specific (e.g. physical, environmental, socio-economic, cultural, legal, institutional), which requires analyses on detailed scales, whereas international policies and drought-generating climate drivers and land surface processes are operating on large scales. The project will adopt Science-Policy Interfacing at the various scales, by establishing Case Study Dialogue Fora and a pan-Europe Dialogue Forum, which will ensure that the research will be well integrated into the policy-making from the start of the project onwards. The study will foster a better understanding of past droughts (e.g. underlying processes, occurrences, environmental and socio-economic impacts, past responses), which then will contribute to the assessment of drought hazards and potential vulnerabilities in the 21th C. An innovative methodology for early drought warning at the pan-European scale will be developed, which will improve on the forecasting and a suite of interlinked physical and impact indicators. This will help to increase drought preparedness, and to indentify and implement appropriate Disaster Risk Reduction measures (along the lines of the UN/ISDR HFA). The project will lead through the combined drought studies at different scales to the identification of drought-sensitive regions and sectors across Europe and a more thorough implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive, particularly by further developing of methodologies for Drought Management Plans at different scales (incl. EU level). The work will be linked with the European Drought Centre ensuring that the outcome will be consolidated beyond the project lifetime.
Das Projekt "ClimBHealth" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Klagenfurt, Institut für Soziale Ökologie durchgeführt. There is growing evidence that certain climate change mitigation measures might also reduce adverse health impacts or even promote health gains. Thus, health co-benefits could partly offset the costs of tackling climate change (Haines et al. 2009, Ganten et al. 2010, IAMP 2010). This is particularly important since the effects of mitigation policies take decades to manifest themselves due to the inertia of the climate system and are often widely dispersed worldwide. Consequently, a return on investment in terms of reduced climate impacts is difficult to be assessed and may only accrue to a very small extent to those who bear the costs. In contrast the health co-benefits of climate change mitigation can be realised more directly and often more quickly, thus making them more tangible and attractive to policy makers and the public. To address this issue our project focuses on two promising areas namely changes in urban mobility and diet in Austria. We ask what the overall climate and health co-benefits in these areas are, in both economic terms and in quantifiable terms beyond economics: emission reductions compared to Austrias national emission reports and health gains expressed in disability adjusted life years (DALYs) compared to the Austrian burden of disease. Thus, our proposed study integrates climate, health and economic effects to assess their combined efficiency of selected climate mitigation measures. This research question is at the forefront of science internationally (e.g. Shindell et al. 2012). The results are intended to increase political acceptance for the Austrian transition towards a low-carbon society regarding urban mobility and diet, since climate and health policy concerns are addressed simultaneously. Our results can foster social acceptance for necessary behavioural changes, since especially in these two areas they provide near time direct health rewards for the actor or actors local community. (abridged text)
Das Projekt "Untersuchung des Lösungsverhaltens von neuen Molybdän-Brennstoffmatrices im Rahmen des ASGARD-Projekts" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von University of Technology Göteborg durchgeführt. Auch wenn in Deutschland der Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie beschlossen wurde, gibt es weltweit Bestrebungen neue Kernreaktoren der Generation IV zu entwickeln. Das neue Reaktorkonzept soll eine erhöhte Sicherheit aufweisen, den Brennstoff nachhaltiger ausnutzen und den Brennstoffkreislauf schließen. Eine Option für die dabei benötigten neuartigen Brennstoffe bietet der Einsatz von Molybdän als inerte Matrix, in die der Kernbrennstoff eingebettet wird. Mit der Entwicklung dieser neuen Brennstoffmatrices beschäftigt sich das ASGARD-Projekt. Für die nach dem Einsatz im Kernkraftwerk benötigten Wiederaufarbeitungsschritte ist es wichtig, die Lösungsspezies der Molybdän-Matrix zu charakterisieren und quantifizieren. Darüber hinaus soll der Einfluss des Brennstoffes in der Brennstoffmatrix auf die gebildeten Spezies verstanden werden. Als Methode zum direkten Nachweis aller in Lösung vorkommender Spezies dient die nano-Elektrospray Ionisations Flugzeit Massenspektrometrie (nano-ESI TOF MS). Mit dieser sanften Ionisationsmethode lassen sich die relativen Anteile geladener Spezies in Lösung abbilden. Unterstützt wird die Methode durch den Einsatz von Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie, Raman/IR-Spektroskopie und Ionenchromatografische Methoden, um die gebildeten Spezies umfassend zu charakterisieren.
Das Projekt "Water Supply and Sanitation Technology Platform (WSSTP)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Keuringsinstituut voor Waterleidingartikelen KIWA durchgeführt. This Specific Support Action concerns the Water Supply and Sanitation Technology Platform. The SSA will provide the organisational, management and scientific support necessary to facilitate the process of the Technology Platform in order to produce the deliverables: Vision Document, Strategic Research Agenda and an implementation plan for the water sector in Europe. This is done by the Secretariat a delegation of members of the WSSTP Board, together with and on behalf of the Board. The three deliverables will be used as input for FP7. The mission of the WSSTP is: - to strengthen the competitiveness and the potential for technological innovation of the European water industry, of water professionals and research institutions through the development of a strategic science and research agenda, - to meet global challenges and regional demands of ensuring safe, secure and sustainable water supply for human societies and for the environment and sanitation services, within the framework of the available water resources. The WSSTP will contribute to the MDG's of the Johannesburg Summit and the European Union Water Initiative, through active participation of developing countries and of organisations that work in developing countries in the platform. The joint focus of the production of the three main is a very unique process of bringing together the various groups of stakeholders. The Water Supply and Sanitation Technology Platform will have a number of important measurable objectives, to which this SSA will contribute significantly: - The production of the abovementioned documents. - Contributing to the European industry competitiveness, by providing a multi-stakeholder framework. - Wide spread consultation on and dissemination of the results of the platform.
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