Dieser Datenbestand dient der Analyse atmosphärischer Zirkulationsbedingungen (Wetterlagen, NAO) im nordatlantisch-mitteleuropäischen Sektor wie sie von Reanalyse- und globalen Klimamodellen (Status: 2010) simuliert werden. Ausgewählt wurden solche Klimamodelläufe, die für Mitteleuropa oder Deutschland regionalisiert wurden. Mit dem Datenbestand kann einerseits die Eignung der verschiedenen Modelle zur Reproduktion der beobachteten Zirkulationsverhälnisse (1950-2000) geprüft werden. Andererseits können simulierte Änderungen (2001-2100) ausgewertet werden. Zusätzlich werden Temperatur -und Niederschlagsdaten bereitgestellt, mit denen die Wetterwirksamkeit der Wetterlagen je GCM bewertet werden kann.
Das Projekt "Hydro-Geothermal analyses in the field of hot-dry-rock technology" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforschung durchgeführt. Objective: To determine the thermal behaviour of natural and stimulated fractures in crystalline rocks in the context of geothermal hdr development. General information: the work forms part of the Franco-German collaborative hdr project (see also contract nos.g0052d, g0055d, g0080d, g0082d and g0072f). The main experimental work will occur at soultz, but opportunities may also be taken to work at other relevant sites in France or Germany. The work will involve thermal testing during hydraulic experiments to determine: - in situ thermal conditions in the boreholes; - heat exchange experiments during fluid circulation; - the identification of fractures by means of thermal disturbances in the borehole. This work will be supported by model calculations, working with teams from UK (see contract no.g0003uk) and Switzerland. Achievements: In a joint German French hot dry rock (HDR) project at Soultz sous Forest the undisturbed temperature field was determined in the borehole GPK 1 in 3 oil wells in the surroundings. The virgin rock temperature is about 140 C at 2000 m depth. The measurements show that the temperature gradient decreases from 100 mK/m to 30 mK/m at about 1100 m depth. The decreasing temperature gradient can be explained by assuming a convective heat transfer in the Buntsandstein/Muschelkalk aquifer. The results of a production test show that there is only 1 inflow zone in borehole GPK 1 at 1812 m depth. 3 injection tests, using different injection flow rates, were conducted in borehole GPK 1. A total number of about 20 water accepting joints could be detected by temperature measurements. A second major outflow at 1728 m depth was encountered besides the 1 at 1812 m depth. About 47 per cent of the injected water was lost at 1728 m depth and about 53 per cent at 1812 m depth. The high resolution temperature measurements showed definitely which joints are water accepting (partly dependent on pressure) and which are not. The European Geothermal Project involved teams from France and Germany who collaborated to test a site in the Upper Rhine Valley for its suitability for terrestrial heat mining (hot dry rock (HDR) energy production). Some British scientists participated in specific tasks. The site was chosen near Soulz-sous-Forets in Alsace at the location of the old oil field of Pechelbronn which was the first oil field exploited in Europe since the 18th century. It is situated on 1 of the summits of a very large thermic anomaly (200 km long and 20 km wide) where the mean geothermal gradient between the surface and 1500 m is known to be higher than 6.5 C/100 m. The programme began in July 1987 with a 2000 m deep borehole. Below at 1375 m thick sediment cover, the granitic basement was penetrated to a depth of 2000 m. The temperature at the bottom of the hole was 140 C. The geothermal gradient within the sediments was unusually high (10 C per 100 m) and diminished to a normal after a series of fractures inside the Buntsandstein producing ...
Das Projekt "WOCE IV: Tracer" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Kiel, Institut für Meereskunde, Abteilung Regionale Ozeanographie durchgeführt. During the past several decades, the atmosphere and the upper ocean have been tagged with Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, components CFC-11, CFC-12) that had previously not existed in the environment. The CFCs are introduced into the deep ocean in regions of deep convection (reaching well below l000 m depth) like the Labrador Sea, the Greenland Sea, and the Western Mediterranean. Another mechanism is the sinking of CFC-rich water after overflowing a sill, for instance at the Denmark Strait between Greenland and Iceland. Since die CFC concentrations in atmosphere and upper ocean increased with time, one expects to find a temporal increase in die deep water as well. Studying the temporal evolution of die CFC distribution provides a means to estimate: - production rates of deep water, - the spreading paths of deep water, - the time scales of spreding, - the variability of water masses.
Das Projekt "MAST-Projekt" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Kiel, Institut für Meereskunde durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "Nutzung von Abwaerme fuer die Beheizung von Gewaechshaeusern" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Marion Gartenbau Handelsgesellschaft durchgeführt. Objective: To recover the waste heat available from a coal power plant to warm a greenhouse by treating it in such a way that it becomes possible to collect the thermal energy contained in the hot ashes gathered in the boiler combustion chambers. Forecasted annual energy saving is +- 1500 TOE. General Information: Waste water of the two electric generating sets of 120 and 300 MW in the Ensdorf coal power plant is to be used for the project. Low temperature waste water flow rate is 460 m3/h and the greenhouse, warmed by recovered heat, is located 3 Km from the plant. This is comprised of three systems, for, as follows: - energy recovery - delivery to and from the greenhouse - thermal devices for heating and temperature control. The energy recovery system involves the mixing of water and ash into 4 mm dia. granules; a basin to catch discharged water; a circulating pump to forward water to a heat exchanger, and a flow rate and temperature control system. Water is conveyed to and from the greenhouse via a 300 mm dia. pipe. The 25000 m2 greenhouse surface area is served by a pipe system and by a heat integrating system formed by an independent closed circuit. This is fed by an additional boiler, circulation pump and circuit. Service water is fed at 60 degree. C and the temperature difference between greenhouse and exterior is fixed at 30 degree. C for design purposes.
Das Projekt "Sub project: Pliocene deep water circulation chemistry in the SE Pacific, 6-2.5 (Leg 202)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung - Fachbereich Geowissenschaften durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "Gas-enrichment installation to upgrade coal-mine gas for the use in the Oberhausen gas distribution network" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Ruhrkohle AG durchgeführt. Objective: To build a compressor and a gas-enrichment installation (pressure-change-adsorption system) to bring the coal-mine exhaust gas of the Sterkrade mines to a fuel value equivalent to that of natural gas and feed this gas into the gas network of Oberhausen. The nominal output of the installation is 3500 Nm3/h of upgraded gas. The reuse of the mine exhaust gas currently flared is estimated to save 9,152 TOE/year. In the FRG there are 22 coal-mines where this technology could be applied with similar benefits leading to a total saving of 1 per cent of the gas imported in the FTG (62.9 billion m3) equivalent to 192,890 TOE/year. General Information: The Sterkrade pit has 3 gas suction devices whose function is to eliminate the methane gas from the coal-mine. Some 20 per cent of the mine gas can be reused in the central boiler of the mine, but 80 per cent finds no application and is flared. This project intends to upgrade this gas to a quality suitable for distribution in the natural gas network of the town. The mine gas contains a methane portion varying from 26 to 44 per cent and must be enriched to 87 per cent. This is achievable by using a 'pressure-change-adsorption' installation (DWA-Anlage) which consists of separation-columns and a buffer storage tank containing molecular sieves. The mine gas passes through the separation-columns where the methane is adsorbed leaving a methane-free exhaust which is then partly recirculated into another column where it re-collects the previously adsorbed methane until the necessary concentration. The upgraded gas is then compressed and fed +/- 80 per cent into the network, and the remaining 20 per cent is used for covering the requirements of the mine. The total cost of the project amounts to DM 10,619,590.-. The 'DWA' equipment will be installed by Berghau AG Niederrhein (BAN), a 100 per cent subsidiary of the contractor. A contract covers the subcontracting by Ruhrkohle to BAN. Patent coverage exists.
Das Projekt "Cost-profit-model for energy production from HDR-reservoirs with application at the conditions in the upper rhine valley" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Geothermik Consult Kappelmeyer Karlsruhe durchgeführt. Other Indexes: Energy (physics); geothermal energy; power generation; economic models; thermal energy objective: to construct and apply an economic model for hdr systems in the upper Rhine valley, and to co-ordinate the German hdr effort. General information: a microcomputer model will be developed to evaluate the likely economics of heat production from possible geothermal hdr developments at sites typical of those to be found in the upper Rhine valley. The model will take account of previous modelling in other countries, notably USA and UK, and will assist in determining research priorities for field developments in the region. This contract also provides for overall co-ordination of the German side of the Franco German hdr project at soultz (see also contract noS. G0055D, G0080D, G0081D, G0082D AND G0072F). Achievements: The European Geothermal Project involved teams from France and Germany who collaborated to test a site in the Upper Rhine Valley for its suitability for terrestrial heat mining (hot dry rock (HDR) energy production). Some British scientists participated in specific tasks. The site was chosen near Soulz-sous-Forets in Alsace at the location of the old oil field of Pechelbronn which was the first oil field exploited in Europe since the 18th century. It is situated on 1 of the summits of a very large thermic anomaly (200 km long and 20 km wide) where the mean geothermal gradient between the surface and 1500 m is known to be higher than 6.5 C/100 m. The programme began in July 1987 with a 2000 m deep borehole. Below at 1375 m thick sediment cover, the granitic basement was penetrated to a depth of 2000 m. The temperature at the bottom of the hole was 140 C. The geothermal gradient within the sediments was unusually high (10 C per 100 m) and diminished to a normal after a series of fractures inside the Buntsandstein producing some water at 116 C with a total salinity 98 g/l. At the depth of 1820 m, hydraulically active natural fissure was reached. The artesian outflow from this zone was 0.15 l/s, with well head pressure of 1.6 bars. The thermal water produced from the well had a high chloride contents and clearly had an identical origin with the fluid collected from the Buntsandstein just above the granite. During the water injection tests, a second active natural fissure was detected normally closed out but which seemed to aquire a noticeable permeability at a well head pressure of about 40 bars. In a cost benefit model the costs for the construction and operation of an hot dry rock (HDR) plant were considered with respect to the value for the produced electricity (or space heat). The major components of the plant (a doublet of deep boreholes, the stimulated HDR reservoir and the surface installations including pumps for water circulation and the power station) were defined and compiled into a structure diagram which revealed the mutual interactions between the various cost determining factors. Heat extraction from impermeable ...
Das Projekt "Recovery of process heat from the combustion of oxygen-containing solvents in package lacquer driers" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Heinrich Neitz GmbH Industrieöfen durchgeführt. Objective: Reduction of energy costs in drying of packing varnishes through a recovery of process heat from the combustion of recovered solvents and its utilization for heating the drier plant. The calculated energy savings are assumed to amount to approx. 4500000 kW/year. General Information: The innovative technology consists of a combination of individual technological solutions. These include the condensation of solvents, the drying of packing varnish, thermal post-combustion of the exhaust air from the plant (which is rich in carbohydrates), heating of this port-combustion system by using the solvent condensate as fuel, and the utilization of the resulting energy (i.e., pure exhaust air exhibiting a very high temperature) as process heat for drying of packing varnish. Overall plant structure: Evaporation section with heat exchanger and vacuum extraction system; Measuring device for monitoring the solvent concentration; Condensation system for recovery of incoming solvents; Preheating zone with heat exchanger and extraction system; Daking section with heat exchanger and extraction system; Post-combustion system for generating process heat through combustion of the recovered solvents; Cooling section; Air recirculation system between the different sections. This combination of system components causes the exhaust air volume (and hence, the total carbohydrate release rate) to be drastically reduced. The investment cost of this combine plant is about twice as high as that of a conventional system. On the other hand, the total annual energy generating cost for a conventional plant exceeds that of the combined plant by a factor of 1.5. This means that the combined system achieves cost savings between DM 150000 and DM 180000 per year. Assuming that the proceeds from a conventional systems and the combination plant are the same, the capital recovery from a plant of the type envisaged in the project is markedly higher (due to the lower total cost), which considerably shortens the period of amortization. Achievements: The technical and chemical feasibility of the project described in the application could be demonstrated with the conclusion of the design phase. A number of aspects have arisen, however, which may turn the project into a financial failure on the current level of information. One of these facors is the draft of the Accident Prevention Rules for Lacquer Driers (VBG 24) of March 1988, which calls for a considerable reduction in admissible solvent concentrations compared to the older version of these Accident Prevention Rules. With these new, reduced solvent concentrations, the recovery of solvents through condensation is no longer an economically viable proposal. Moreover, the Ministry of the Environment expects the packaging industry to make increasing use of low-solvent lacquers. Renowned packaging manufacturers are already using low-solvent or water soluble varnishes. Plants designed for such applications have already been...
Das Projekt "Sub project: Early Paleogene deep-water overturning in the South Atlantic - implications from the ODP Leg 208 Walvis Ridge depth transect" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Leipzig, Institut für Geophysik und Geologie, Abteilung Geologie durchgeführt. The aim of the proposed project is to reconstruct the circulation of deep- and bottom-water masses in the eastern South Atlantic during the Cenozoic. Particular attention will be laid on the nature and behavior of the deep-water masses during extreme climatic situations and on their response to abrupt environmental and climatic changes in the late Paleocene to early Eocene. This time interval is characterized by short climatic excursions overriding a long-term warming trend. The climatic extremes had a significant impact on the oceans, e.g. a shoaling of the calcite compensation depth (CCD) of more than 2000 m at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in the Walvis Ridge region. The Paleogene sediments recovered during OOP Leg 208 at Walvis Ridge allow detailed reconstructions of timing and intensity of such perturbations and reorganization of the deep- and bottom water masses over a paleodepth range of more than 2000 m. In our study we will combine sedimentological and clay mineralogical investigations. The current preinvestigations aim in a reconstruction of the long-term trend in the development of the oceanic circulation. They will provide background information on the changes associated with the transitions from an intermediate Paleogene climate to the Eocene greenhouse, the subsequent cooling into the Oligocene icehouse and Miocene cooling events to evaluate the significance of the observed extreme climatic events in the early Paleogene.