Das Projekt "Towards Zero Waste in Industrial Networks (ZeroWIN)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Österreichische Gesellschaft für System- und Automatisierungstechnik durchgeführt. Objective: The first work package will define a common vision on zero-waste entrepreneurship within the first 6 months. The mythos Individual Producer Responsibility will be investigated if it can become the all-healing-solution in electronics industry as well as how this concept can be applied to other industrial sectors. WP2 concentrates on new technological developments, WP3 on waste prevention methodologies and strategies and WP4 will adapt existing software tools supporting waste prevention. All this knowledge will be then formalised into an innovative production model for resource-use optimisation and waste prevention in WP5. This preparatory work will enable the 9 industrial case studies in Work package 6 that forms the core of the ZeroWIN project with more than half of the total budget. These case studies will be used to prove that the ZeroWIN approach can meet at least 2 of the stringent targets of the call. WP7 closely monitors and validates the improvements by quantitative assessment. WP 8 investigates the implications to policy and formulates recommendations. Finally WP9 will disseminate the results of ZeroWIN as broad as possible and WP10 ensures the efficient operation of the ZeroWIN project. By concentrating on industrial networks in the automotive, construction, electronics and photovoltaic industries ZeroWIN will address nearly 3 million companies (of which 80 percent are SMEs) with more than 2,8 trillion turnover and a value creation of more than 800 billion with more than 20 million employees creating about 40 percent or more than 400 million tons of industrial waste using as much as 50 percent of all materials extracted from the earth's crust generating about 40 percent of all energy use and about 35 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions. The ZeroWIN consortium has 29 partners from 10 countries (AT, DE, ES, FR, HU, IE, PL, PT, RO, UK), dominated by industry - 3 large companies (one of which is the electronics cluster in the Basque region) and 13 SMEs.
Das Projekt "Analysis of the chemical composition of nucleating clusters with Atmospheric Pressure Interface Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Paul Scherrer Institut, Labor für Atmosphärenchemie durchgeführt. Aerosols and clouds are recognized as representing the largest uncertainty in the current un-derstanding of climate change. Aerosols affect the climate by directly absorbing or scattering the solar radiation. Particles with diameters larger than ca50-100 nm can act as cloud conden-sation nuclei (CCN) and influence the lifetime and optical properties of clouds. Based on cur-rent model estimates, about 40-70Prozent of cloud drops in the present-day global atmosphere are formed on aerosol particles that were created through the process of nucleation. Thus, nuclea-tion is likely to be a major factor controlling changes in the radiative properties of clouds. It is also speculated that cosmic rays have an influence on clouds via a significant contribution of ion-mediated nucleation to the overall source strength of aerosol particles in the atmosphere. However, regarding this step there are large discrepancies in the recent literature. To date, most global climate models use very simple parameterizations of nucleation. However, to make reliable predictions of long-term changes in atmospheric aerosol, and hence past or future cli-mate forcing, a more fundamental understanding of particle formation processes is needed. Progress in this field was hampered by the fact that the capability to measure the aerosol chemical composition of particles in the range of a few nanometers was missing. Just now, the Atmospheric Pressure Interface Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (APi-TOF MS) has been de-veloped by TOFWERK (Junninen et al., 2010). This instrument measures directly the mass spectra of ambient ions and ion clusters at their natural abundance. Typical naturally charged ion concentrations are around 100-1000 cm-3 per polarity, which indicates the extremely high sensitivity of the instrument. Moreover, TOFWERK has now even coupled an ion mobility spec-trometer (IMS) to the APi-TOF (System 1.0 IMS-HTOF). Thus, ions are separated according to their shape-to-charge ratio before their mass-to-charge is measured in the TOF MS. The addi-tion of an ion mobility cell to a mass spectrometer improves separation of isomers, isobars and conformers and adds a new dimension to the mass spectrometer. This proposal asks for support of an IMS-APi-TOF. The accurate measurement from the APi-TOF in combination with the additional information from the IMS will help to unambiguously resolve the atomic composition of clusters involved in new particle formation. This instrument is vital to unravel fundamental physical and chemical processes involved in new aerosol parti-cle formation and growth. It is our aim to better understand the new particle formation and to develop a mechanistic framework for this process. This will contribute to the reduction of un-certainties with regard to the influence of aerosols on climate change. (...)
