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Found 13 results.

Development of REACH - Review of evidence on the benefits & costs of REACH

Dieser Bericht ist Teil des Ressortforschungsplan Vorhabens "REACH-Weiterentwicklung", das basierend auf Analysen verschiedener REACH-Prozesse sowie angrenzender Fragestellungen (Substitution, Nachhaltige Chemie, Vorsorgeprinzip, Erzeugnisse, Kosten-Nutzen Analysen, Sozio-Ökomische Analysen, Finanzierung der ECHA) Optionen für eine Verbesserung der (Umsetzung der) REACH-Verordnung entwickelte. Ziel dieses Berichts ist es, die vorhandene Literatur hinsichtlich des aktuellen Kenntnisstands über die mit REACH verbundenen Vorteile und Kosten zu bewerten. Da sich mehrere Studien bereits auf die Kosten durch die Implementierung der REACH-Verordnung konzentriert haben, liegt der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit auf der Identifizierung von Lücken bei der Einschätzung des Nutzens. Die Abschnitte 2 und 3 fassen den Bewertungsrahmen und die in dieser Studie überprüften Berichte zusammen. In den Abschnitten 4 und 5 werden der aktuelle Wissensstand und etwaige Lücken bei Daten bzw. Informationen zu Nutzen und Kosten gegliedert nach den einzelnen Teilbereichen der REACH-Verordnung aufgeschlüsselt. Dies umfasst die Registrierung, Informationen in der Lieferkette, die Bewertung, die Zulassung, die Beschränkung, die Unterstützung von Firmen, die Überwachung und den Vollzug. In Abschnitt 6 werden die Schlussfolgerungen dieses Berichts präsentiert. Quelle: Forschungsbericht

Globalisation informed by sustainable development (GLOBIS)

Das Projekt "Globalisation informed by sustainable development (GLOBIS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von University Lund durchgeführt. Objective: The objectives of GLOBIS are to synthesize from the scholarly debate in different disciplines, a theoretical foundation for reconciling the three global processes: globalization, development and sustainable development. Our ontological assumption is that globalization is an ongoing and in principle benign process, but a process that needs to be promoted and adjusted in relation to sustainable development. Development as a concrete and institutionalized process also needs to be carefully aligned with sustainability. Based on this comprehensive understanding we will analyze how the global flows of financial capital, people, goods and ideas are promoted, restricted and regulated through a number of important policy areas, such as: trade, agriculture and food, energy, transport, technology and innovation, and tourism, in order to identify the existing tensions in globalization, recognizing the trade-offs involved, and thus pointing to possible areas of reform in current policy practices and global institutions. GLOBIS will serve to inform European policy processes on how to reconcile globalization and sustainable development in order to promote ambition of EU to become the leading force in the world towards sustainability. This will be pursued through a number of thematic studies of important policy areas. The project will engage stakeholders from different sectors of EU and beyond in dialogues on concrete policy dilemmas.

Climate change, environmental contaminants and reproductive health (CLEAR)

Das Projekt "Climate change, environmental contaminants and reproductive health (CLEAR)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Aarhus Universitetshospital, Aarhus Sygehus durchgeführt. Objective: The research project investigates the possible impact of global climate change on reproductive health in one Arctic and two European populations. The key questions to be addressed are, firstly, how may climate change influence human exposure to widespread environmental contaminants and, secondly, how may contaminants impact occurrence of reproductive disorders as sensitive indicators of health? To provide affirmative answers to these questions the proposal will as a first step identify and describe mechanisms by which a changing climate may affect the exposure of Arctic and other human populations to contaminants through change in chemical use and emissions, delivery to the arctic ecosystem as well as processing within the arctic physical environment and human food chain. This work relies on modelling of existing data. Secondly, the project will expand the existing knowledge database on human exposure to polybrominated biphenylethers, perfluorinated surfactants and phthalates by analyses of 1000 biobanked serum samples collected in a EU FP5 project. Thirdly, the project will increase the limited knowledge on links between human exposure to contaminants and reproductive health. This work relies on a large existing parent-child-cohort, where a follow-up survey provide new data that are fed into risk assessment. Furthermore we will perform reviews of experimental and epidemiological literature to identify critical reproductive effects and exposure-response data for selected compounds as input to the risk assessment. Finally the project will integrate data on climate induced changes in contaminant mobility and distribution and links between contaminant exposure and reproductive health into a risk evaluation providing insight into possible future risk scenarios related to global climate change. The project draws upon a network of experts in climate modelling and in experimental, epidemiological and risk assessment methodologies and builds upon three established cohorts in Greenland, Poland and Ukraine.

One planet economy network: Europe (OPEN: EU)

Das Projekt "One planet economy network: Europe (OPEN: EU)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von World Wide Fund for Nature United Kingdom durchgeführt. Objective: The goal of the One Planet Economy Network Europe project (OPEN: EU) is to help transform the EU economy to a One Planet Economy by 2050. As the world's largest economy, Europe must embark upon an immediate and major transformation to avert dangerous climate change and prevent ecosystem collapse. Currently, the impact of the European economy is nearly three times larger than what is required for a sustainable world. A shift to a more sustainable future for Europe must be achieved by building an economy that respects all environmental limits and is socially and financially sustainable. CSOs are well placed to help catalyse this transformation through bringing insights, concerns and issues into the public debate and making them communicable, relevant and timely. The achievement of a One Planet Economy will require a range of actors to come together to deliver this transformation. In this context the convening power of major CSOs is a significant asset. Through a project consortium of CSOs and RTD performers, OPEN: EU will: - Build the evidence base and enhance sustainable development indicators by developing an academically robust and policy relevant footprint family (Ecological, Carbon and Water footprints) - Build the application by developing a new scenario modelling tool for evidence-based policy, increasing the policy relevance of sustainable development indicators and helping CSOs to illustrate the links between economic growth and environmental degradation to policy makers and the public; - Build capacity through a new One Planet Economy Network an online network of decision-makers, CSOs and businesses leaders. This will provide a forum for the visions, knowledge and interests of different stakeholders and facilitate dialogue and debate on solutions to achieve a One Planet Economy. The network will enable a targeted dissemination of communication materials, workshop programme and website to CSO s, policy makers and other key audiences.

Developmental effects of environment on reproductive health (DEER)

Das Projekt "Developmental effects of environment on reproductive health (DEER)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Turun Yliopisto durchgeführt. Objective: The multidisciplinary research teams in this consortium have played lead roles in establishing that fetal and childhood periods are vulnerable to environmental disruption leading to common reproductive disorders. This proposal will investigate: (1) connections between normal/abnormal perinatal reproductive development and maturation of reproductive function at puberty and in adulthood; (2) systemic gene-environment interactions underlying reproductive disorders taking account of genetic susceptibility, multiple exposures (e.g. mixtures of environmental chemicals) and their timing (perinatal, peripubertal, adult); (3) connection between perinatal reproductive development and later obesity/metabolic disorders. To achieve this we will utilize large cohorts generated in previous EU projects and collect new data from these on reproductive maturation and adult function. Existing genomic and proteomics data, exposure data for greater than 100 potentially toxic environmental chemicals, lifestyle, dietary and medical history information will be analysed using integrative systems biology approaches to pinpoint critical (interacting) factors influencing development.

Reproductive effects of environmental chemicals in females (REEF)

Das Projekt "Reproductive effects of environmental chemicals in females (REEF)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von The University Court of the University of Aberdeen durchgeführt. Objective: It is increasingly evident that in-utero exposure to environmental chemicals (ECs), including endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and heavy metals, disturbs reproductive development in wildlife, domestic species and humans. Current thinking is that exposure to ECs is part of the mechanism driving increasing incidences of reproductive dysfunction in males and females, the latter characterised by statistics such as the 2Prozent annual increase in EU breast cancer rates. Studies on a wide range of ECs, including phthalates, PCBs and dioxins, suggest the whole female reproductive tract is sensitive to chemical perturbation. However, many studies have focused on single or small numbers of ECs on short-lived rodent species at high doses. These exposure modalities have no relationship with normal human exposure. We will use a long-lived species, mono-ovulating, the sheep, with a pattern of gestational development similar to humans, exposed long-term to a broad range of ECs at low/environmental concentrations. This will provide a real-life model for human exposure. We will investigate follicle formation, oocyte maturation, ovaries, uteri and mammary glands in fetal sheep exposed in-utero and in adult offspring. Selected ECs preferentially concentrated in fetal tissues will be investigated using sheep and mouse models. Prime Contractor: The University Court of the University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen; United Kingom.

Life Cycle Assessment in Natural Resources Damaged by Shifting Cultivation after Burning in the Tropical Zones of Madagascar^Bilan ecologique des ressources naturelles endommagees par des cultures itinerantes sur brulis dans les zones tropicales de Madagascar (FRA)

Das Projekt "Life Cycle Assessment in Natural Resources Damaged by Shifting Cultivation after Burning in the Tropical Zones of Madagascar^Bilan ecologique des ressources naturelles endommagees par des cultures itinerantes sur brulis dans les zones tropicales de Madagascar (FRA)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft durchgeführt. The goal of the project is to study the effects of shifting agriculture on the ecosystems, in particular water balance, biomass production, dynamic and structure of the forest, soil fertility, regeneration capacity of the forest and lichens as bioindicators. The results are intended to be used as scientific bases for the management of the natural resources in Madagascar. The approach is multidisciplinary and a joint venture between different organisations in Switzerland and Madagascar. The project started on 1 January 1994. There are at to this date no results available.

Entwicklung eines Geraetes zur Erzeugung von definiertem Verbrennungsruss

Das Projekt "Entwicklung eines Geraetes zur Erzeugung von definiertem Verbrennungsruss" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft, Abteilung Luftreinhaltung und NIS durchgeführt. Das Projekt hat mit zum Ziel, einen Russgenerator fuer die kontinuierliche Herstellung von definierten ultrafeinen Russteilchen zu entwickeln. Nach dem Erarbeiten des neuen Prinzips zur Erzeugung von Russteilchen wird ein Russgenerator in vereinfachter Ausfuehrung gebaut und getestet. Dieser Russgenerator ist in der Lage, Vertrennungsrussteilchen mit einstellbaren Charakteristiken im Submikronbereich (kleiner 1 Mikrometer) zu erzeugen. Die Groesse der erzeugten Russteilchen laesst sich in diesem Bereich durch Einstellen des Russgenerators einfach und effizient variieren. Die Partikelkonzentrationen liegen bis zu mehr als 100 mal hoeher als solche, die ueblicherweise bei den Russemissionen von Verbrennungsmotoren und Feuerungen anzutreffen sind. Diese Eigenschaften des neuen Russgenerators duerften fuer dessen praktische Anwendungen von wichtiger Bedeutung sein. Dr. Jing, EAM und ETHZ, hat im Bereich Entstehung von Dieselrusspartikeln und Messung derselben doktoriert. Im gemeinsamen Auftrag von BUWAL, EAM, BAP und SUVA entwickelt er ein Russgeneriersystem zur kontinuierlichen Erzeugung von Russteilchen definierter Groesse und Menge und mit einstellbaren Hauptbestandteilen. Projektziele: Fuer die Kalibrierung der Russmessung fehlt eine praktikable Kalibrationsquelle. Ziel des Projektes ist es, eine Russquelle zu entwickeln, die definierten Russ, der fuer die Messtechnik unabdingbar ist, produzieren kann. Umsetzung und Anwendungen: Im Rahmen des Gemeinschaftsauftrages wurde am EAM zum Aufbau einer Kalibrierbasis fuer Russmessgeraete eine neue Methode zum Erzeugen von Verbrennungsrussteilchen entwickelt, die denen aus Verbrennungsmotoren wie z.B. dem Dieselmotor in den wichtigsten Eigenschaften gleichen. Die Groesse und Konzentration der Teilchen entsprechen der Feldsituation und lassen sich dank spezieller Ausfuehrung des Russgenerators kontinuierlich und mit einer Reproduzierbarkeit von +/-5 Prozent variieren. Im Vergleich zum Dieselmotor erlaubt der neue Russgenerator eine rationellere und wirtschaftlichere Erzeugung von Verbrennunungsrussteilchen mit einfacher und flexibler Arbeitsweise. Zusaetzliche ist er auch fuer die Forschung der Verbrennungsaerosole, die Entwicklung der Partikelmesstechnik und die Pruefung von Partikelfiltern geeignet.

Valorisation des dechets organiques dans les quartiers populaires des villes africaines (FRA)

Das Projekt "Valorisation des dechets organiques dans les quartiers populaires des villes africaines (FRA)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Association Alter Ego durchgeführt. Leading Questions: Use of compost techniques in African cities? Impact on the socio-eco. Environment? Ecological Impact.

Management of Environmental Conflicts in and among Developing Countries - Development of Methods and Establishment of an International Network

Das Projekt "Management of Environmental Conflicts in and among Developing Countries - Development of Methods and Establishment of an International Network" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Forschungsstelle für Sicherheitspolitik und Konfliktanalyse durchgeführt. Leading Questions: 1) What new or existing principles and mechanisms of conflict management prove efficient in high tension conflicts induced or exacerbated by environmental degradation? 2) How can bottom-up approaches in conflict resolution which build upon indigenous, cultural and social resources be linked to top-down approaches so that both public participation and state capacity are strengthened? 3) How can principles and methods of environmental conflict management contribute to sustainable resource use? 4) What roles could women play in both conflict resolution mechanisms as well as in sustainable development efforts and how can gender biases in these areas be overcome? Abstract: The pilot project ECOMAN (Environmental Conflict Management and International Network) pursues a threefold goal: 1) to intensify research in the field of environmental conflict management in developing countries; 2) to establish and institutionalize an international network of partners in selected developing countries; 3) to prepare the implementation of environmental conflict management methods in at least one ongoing conflict. By management of environmental conflicts we understand the constructive transformation of ongoing, violent or potentially violent conflicts which are induced by environmental degradation within and among developing countries. This pilot project will help to prepare a project of the same name within the scope of Module 7. The focus of the main project will lay on the implementation of the theoretical results within the framework of a concrete mediation program. The pilot project builds on the current 'Environment and Conflicts Project' ENCOP which looks into the monitoring of environmental conflicts. With the new project, we go a step further. In ECOMAN, it is the theory and practice of environmental conflict management which stands at the center of our interest. Both theory and practice shall be pursued in close and institutionalized cooperation with partner institutes in selected developing countries.

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