Das Projekt "Development of advanced radar technology for application to hydrometeorology" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik durchgeführt. Objective: The overall objective is to develop the understanding of advanced weather radars so as to allow improved operational monitoring of severe storms and flood warning systems. A wide range of weather conditions from North-Eastern to South-Western Europe will be studied. General Information: Both Doppler and Polarisation techniques will be studied. Radar data will be collected at five different sites, and selected events recorded in a central data archive. Operational Networking of two Doppler radars will be attempted to enable fuller wind information in severe storms, and transmission of visual images across the World Wide Web will be investigated. Data analysis will concentrate on identifying the optimal polarisation scheme for operational use, and on the use of Doppler data to classify the radar image, and to aid both meteorological and hydrological forecasting. Data Analysis and Modelling will continue the work begun under the PADRE project. In polarisation analysis, it is expected that fuller polarisation information will be available, allowing a final choice to be made for recommendation for operational use in Europe. A wider range of anormalous propagation conditions will be studied using Doppler radars, and data analysis will concentrate on methods to nullify anaprop. This will be supplemented by modelling studies. Under PADRE the use of two neighbouring operational radars for dual Doppler wind-field analysis of severe storms was shown to be possible. Operational implementation will be attempted. Three dimensional images of storms and terrain, developed under PADRE will be further developed, with emphasis being given to communicating such images across the Web. The use of Doppler and Polarisation data to provide added benefit to hydrometeorolical users of radar products will be investigated through simulation and analysis of error characteristics of radar estimates of precipitation. The use of such data as input to a mesoscale model will be investigated with the aim of improving the forecasting of likely severe weather. Prime Contractor: University of Essex, Department of Mathematics; Colchester; United Kingdom.
Das Projekt "Mischung von Hoehen- und dynamischen Parametern von Radiosonden, akustischem Messgeraet und Windmesser" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Laboratorium für Atmosphärenphysik durchgeführt. The project is a continuation of the efforts during the field program POLLUMET (pollution and meteorology). Its main aim is to further investigate the turbulent structure of the troposphere and stratosphere. Based on relatively simple and operationally available instrumentation such as balloonborne radiosondes, acoustic echo sounders, and wind profilers, methods for reliable estimations of turbulence and local circulation patterns will be developed. The turbulence characteristics include the determination of the depth of the mixing layer, a parameter which is of significant importance for modeling chemical processes in the atmosphere. The observing as well as the evaluation system allows also to determine 'turbulence on a larger scale'. This will be made use of when the persistent structures of potential vorticity predicted by recent numerical models will either be experimentally verified or rejected. Leading Questions: How can turbulence (from the surface to the stratosphere) be measured using the fast response thermocouple on the SRS radisonde? How does turbulence intensity depend on the vertical structure of the atmosphere? How well do turbulence measurements made by different systems (balloon borne, radar, sodar) agree? What is the turbulence 'climatology' over Switzerland over the past four years?