Das Projekt "Universale Faseroptik: Integration von Faseroptik in Gebaeuden" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Bartenbach Lichtlabor GmbH durchgeführt. Objective: Fibre optics allow the possibility of bringing daylight into non daylit or poorly daylit spaces. This project proposes to develop an integrated heliostat/power lamp system to bring daylight when available into these areas using fibre optics. A series of luminaires will be developed to control light output at the fibre end. This system tries to overcome one of the economic barriers to integrating daylight and artificial light where a simple glazing system might provide minimal light (i.e. at some distance from the glazing). A single 'luminaire' distributes light from both artificial and natural light eliminating the need for two systems, a 'luminaire' to distribute daylight (eg from a light duct) and an additional system for artificial light. Description of work: The project is defined by a product development phase , a market research phase which begins by feeding into the product development phase and then leads to product marketing, a phase dealing with the monitoring of an in situ prototype, and guidelines for the installation with energy savings in selected buildings. The project may be summarised as: Development of Fresnel lens based heliostat and integrated dimmable light source. Development of photocell controlled integrator to allow substitution of appropriate amount of artificial light when daylight is inadequate. Choice and development of optimum fibre optic light transmission system with colour correction and minimum attenuation. - Measurement of light distribution at fibre termination and development of procedure for luminaire design. - Development of optimum fibre/luminaire interface for minimisation of losses etc. - Design of appropriate point source luminaires and prismex based diffusing luminaires. - Production and publication of design guidelines giving examples of integration within buildings. - Production of brochure. Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: An integrated heliostat/dimmable power lamp feeding light through an optical transmission system to a series of specially developed point source and diffusing luminaires will be produced. Guidelines for installation in a variety of (commercial) building types with potential energy savings will be developed. Glossy brochures and/or CD roms will be created for distribution at lighting conferences and in EU and international lighting magazines. Lighting fairs will be used to demonstrate the technologies developed in the project. Prime Contractor: University of North London, Low Energy Architecture Research Unit; London/United Kingdom.
Das Projekt "Nachhaltiger staedtischer Verkehr" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von ESS - Environmental Software and Services durchgeführt. Objective: Problems to be solved: Transportation problems are among the most pressing strategic development problems in many cities, often a major constraint for long-term urban development in general. The Problems to be solved are the inefficiency of urban transportation systems and underlying land use patterns, which negatively affect quality of life, economic efficiency, and the environment; the high (and often hidden) costs of urban transportation in both socio-economic and environmental terms; and in particular the environmental consequences both in terms of physical aspects that include land and resource use, ecological aspects, and human health problems. Tools for comprehensive strategic analysis that are directly useful to city administrations are lacking. New strategies for sustainable mobility will require a combination of measures with impacts on improved land-use/economic development planning; improved planning, management and use of transport infrastructures and facilities; incorporation of the real costs of both infrastructure and environment in investment policies and decisions and also in user costs; development of public transport and improvement of its competitive position; continued technical improvement of vehicles and fuels; encouraged use of less polluting fuels; promotion of a more environmentally rational use of the private car, including behavioural changes. Scientific objectives and approach: These problems can only be addressed with a consistent and comprehensive approach and planning methodology that helps to design strategies for sustainable cities. This will include an integration of socio-economic, environmental and technological concepts including the development, integration, and demonstration of methodologies to improve forecasting, assessment and strategic policy level decision support. From a technical perspective, the project aims to develop and apply an indicator based approach compatible with Agenda 21 and common indicators for urban sustainability for a baseline analysis, ranking and benchmarking (within the participating cities and across all of Europe) that will ultimately support a discrete multi-criteria selection mechanism. It will use traffic equilibrium modelling to evaluate alternative transportation policies, including multi-modal systems and their relation to land use, technological development, socio-economic development, and spatial and structural urban development (land use scenarios) in general. Air quality modelling will be used to translate transportation scenarios and their resultant emissions into ambient air quality estimates and population exposure. Economic analysis and energy systems analysis and modelling using well established modelling approaches such as MARKAL, will identify and evaluate cost effective transportation scenarios, consistent with the larger economic and technological framework.