Das Projekt "Development of global plankton data base and model system for eco-climate early warning (GREENSEAS)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Stiftelsen Nansen Senter for Fjernmaaling.Objective: GreenSeas shall advance the quantitative knowledge of how planktonic marine ecosystems, including phytoplankton, bacterioplankton and zooplankton, will respond to environmental and climate changes. To achieve this GreenSeas will employ a combination of observation data, numerical simulations and a cross-disciplinary synthesis to develop a high quality, harmonized and standardized plankton and plankton ecology long time-series, data inventory and information service. The focus will be on capturing the latitudinal gradients, biogeographical distributions and provinces in the planktonic ecosystem from the Arctic, through the Atlantic and into the Southern Ocean. It will build on historical data-sets, and ongoing multidisciplinary ocean planktonic ecosystem monitoring programs, enhanced where possible with an emphasis on the Southern Ocean. GreenSeas will also enhance international cooperative links with other plankton monitoring and analysis surveys around the globe. The heart of the GreenSeas concept is establishing a 'core' service following the open and free data access policy implemented in the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme. Using state-of-the-art web-based data delivery systems the 'core' service will make available both new and historical plankton data and information products along with error-quantified numerical simulations to a range of users. Connecting with 'downstream' services GreenSeas will moreover offer ecosystem assessment and indicator reports tailored for decision makers, stakeholders and other user groups contributing in the policy making process. Finally, knowledge transfer will be guaranteed throughout the project lifetime, while the legacy of the GreenSeas database web-server will be maintained for at least 5 years beyond the project lifetime.
Das Projekt "MEDiterranean Sea Acidification in a changing climate (MEDSEA)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.Objective: Increases of atmospheric CO2 and associated decreases in seawater pH and carbonate ion concentration this century and beyond are likely to have wide impacts on marine ecosystems including those of the Mediterranean Sea. Consequences of this process, ocean acidification, threaten the health of the Mediterranean, adding to other anthropogenic pressures, including those from climate change. Yet in comparison to other areas of the world ocean, there has been no concerted effort to study Mediterranean acidification, which is fundamental to the social and economic conditions of more than 400 million people living along its coastlines and another 175 million who visit the region each year. The MedSeA project addresses ecologic and economic impacts from the combined influences of anthropogenic acidification and warming, while accounting for the unique characteristics of this key region. MedSeA will forecast chemical, climatic, ecological-biological, and socio-economical changes of the Mediterranean driven by increases in CO2 and other greenhouse gases, while focusing on the combined impacts of acidification and warming on marine shell and skeletal building, productivity, and food webs. We will use an interdisciplinary approach involving biologists, earth scientists, and economists, through observations, experiments, and modelling. These experts will provide science-based projections of Mediterranean acidification under the influence of climate change as well as associated economic impacts. Projections will be based on new observations of chemical conditions as well as new observational and experimental data on the responses of key organisms and ecosystems to acidification, which will be fed into existing ocean models that have been improved to account for the Mediterranean's fine-scale features. These scientific advances will allow us to provide the best advice to policymakers who must develop regional strategies for adaptation and mitigation.
Das Projekt "European Re-Analysis of global CLIMate observations (ERA-CLIM)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF).Objective: ERA-CLIM will develop observational datasets suitable for global climate studies, with a focus on the past 100 years. These datasets will include atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial observations from a variety of sources, high-resolution global reanalysis products of the observations, and associated data quality information needed for climate applications. The project will use existing climate data records and make a substantial contribution to filling known gaps in these records. Proposed data recovery efforts will focus on upper-air observations made in the first half of the 20th century, as well as near-surface observations of wind and humidity, in all regions of the globe. A specific goal for the project is to improve the quality and consistency of climate observations through reanalysis. Together with other in-situ and remote-sensing datasets available from existing data archives, the observations collected for ERA-CLIM will be included in a newly developed Observation Feedback Archive. Quality feedback information for this archive, including data departures and bias estimates, will be generated during several new pilot reanalyses, as well as from existing reanalysis datasets. The pilot reanalyses and the Observation Feedback Archive will be made available to users world-wide as a unique resource for climate research and observational studies of the Earth system.
Das Projekt "FP3-AIR, Resistance Against Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) in Tobacco and Tomato" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Höchst Research and Technology.General Information: The objective of the project is the cleavage of the CMV RNA genome by ribozymes, for which the genetic information will be engineered into the plant genome via the Agrobacterium technique. Transgenic plants will be tested by inoculation with purified virus particles.
Das Projekt "FP3-AIR, On-Farm Development and Evaluation of Organic Farming Systems: The Role of Livestock and Agro-Forestry" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Kassel, Fachgebiet Ökologischer Land- und Pflanzenbau.General Information: The project aims at identifying and estimating the potential for an alternative organic farming system in 6 different regions of the community. The work will focus on the potential and problems relating to the incorporation of livestock as well as the integration of trees and woody vegetation into the farm system. It also includes improved nutrient supply and weed control for organic arable crops. The research methodology includes on- farm research and farmers participation.
Das Projekt "FP3-AIR, Development of Innovative Strategies and Technologies in Evolving low Input Farming Systems that minimize environmental Pollution and Secure Product Quality" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Landesanstalt für Pflanzenschutz Baden-Württemberg.General Information: The project investigates as integrated farming systems (IFS). It will improve technical and nutritional product quality using non-inversion tillage, reduced herbicide and fertilizer usage. A prototype machine will be tested to achieve better inversion tillage and crop establishment. Combinations of organic manures and green crops will be used to reduce fertilizer inputs and soil leaching. The impact on the agro-ecosystem will be assessed.
Das Projekt "FP3-AIR, Agronomically useful and Environmentally careful Organic Manuring on Arable Land and on Grassland" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Landwirtschaftskammer Weser-Ems.General Information: Slurry application at the wrong time, with too high rates and without incorporation into the soil leads often to nitrate leaching, ammonia volatilisation and denitrification. Nitrogen losses can be minimized if slurry is applied in a way that as much nitrogen as possible can be used by the crops. To achieve this aim the concerted action seeks to elucidate: - the best time for slurry application (with regard to nutrient efficiency, weather conditions, ammonia emissions and nitrate leaching); - the optimal amount of slurry (with regard to crop yield and residual nitrogen after harvest); - reduction of ammonia losses (with regard to application technique and weather conditions).
Das Projekt "BABAS: Bioethical Aspects of Biotechnology in the Agrofood Sector" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesamt für Bildung und Wissenschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Bio-Link.Objective: The objective of this project is to coordinate a network of leading experts throughout Europe in carrying out a series of studies on the bioethical aspects of biotechnology applied to the agricultural, fisheries and food sector. These studies are also in preparation for a European conference proposed by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and supported by its Committee of Ministers to aid in determining the desirability of drawing up a European,Convention covering the bioethical aspects of biotechnology in this sector. General Information: The studies will be carried out by leading scientists, ethicists and experts in the patenting and regulatory fields from throughout the European Union concerned with applications of biotechnology in the agricultural and food areas. Five Working Groups will encompass bioethical aspects of agriculture and fisheries in respect to the following areas: Food (including animals and food processing); Industry (including new plastics and building materials); Medicine; Environment; Developing countries. General ethics, patenting, regulation (safety), and economic/political issues will be integrated across the five topics. Thus ethical aspects with respect to: the sciences; the technologies; safety (risk/benefit); socio-economic aspects; intellectual property rights and patenting; regulatory framework; social acceptability and education will be dealt with by each Working Group leading to bioethical conclusions. These conclusions will also include recommendations on the need for a European Convention covering bioethical aspects of biotechnology in the agro-food sector. Each of these studies will have four main consecutive tasks: - to review the existing research, documents and other material in the respective areas; - to identify any deficiencies requiring further review and/or other work; - to conduct the appropriate work if necessary; - to draw up a report of their findings, including executive summary and annexes of key documents. These reports will be combined as an overall final report in preparation for the subsequent European Conference. Leading Question: What are the ethical implications of modern biotechnology in the non-medical field?
Das Projekt "CAPRI: Common Agricultural Policy Regional Impact Analysis" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesamt für Bildung und Wissenschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Agroscope FAT Tänikon.General Information: The policy changes introduced by the CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) reform 1992 are more fundamental and drastic than ever before. New policy instruments have been introduced. Different types of environmental policies have gained rising importance in the CAP and are supplemented by national and regional programmes enlarging the complexity of possible impacts. The economic, social and environmental impacts of the CAP and its reform need to be monitored and analysed. This will improve the basis for the design of future policy measures and decisions of EU. Computer aided models can be used to structure and exploit the information available and make operational use of it. In the proposed project the Common Agricultural Policy Regional Impact Model (CAPRIModel) will be developed by 5 partners of different Member States. The CAPRI-Model is a regionalized agricultural and environmental sector model that will have an enlarged capacity compared to all other models so far in use in the EU. It will be able to model complex policy scenarios (set-aside-policies, quota regulations, transfer payments, global as well as regional environmental policies). The model will be applied to monitor the economic, social and environmental impacts of the CAP reform 1992 and to simulate the impacts of possible future reform steps. A choice of alternative policy scenarios will be offered. The relevance of the scenarios will be assured by closed contact to DG VI and workshops under the additional participation of EU-politicians and EU-researchers. The CAPRI-Model will focus an the NUTS-2 regional level and will be based on a Positive (Non-linear) Programming approach. The consistency and comparability of the regional data sets can be assured most effectively by 'top-down' disaggregation procedures, while 'bottomup' information feedback from the European partners and their information network in the different Member States is essential for data completion, plausibility checks and adequate interpretation of model results. The CAPRI-Model will be based on experience that has been gathered in Germany by the RAUMIS-Model that covers entire Germany and is disaggregated down to NUTS-3 level (431 regions). This model proves the feasibility and policy oriented usefulness of such a comprising and ambitious modelling approach. Without the simultaneous and joint effort of researches from different parts of the EU this approach will never be feasible. Only the joint European approach can assure reliable 'bottom up' streams of information and adequate region specific interpretations of CAPRI modelling results. Leading Questions: Which are the economic, social and environmental impacts of the CAP reform 1992? What are alternative policy scenarios for further reform steps and their impacts?
Das Projekt "AD-NETT: Anaerobic Digestion of Agro-Industrial Wastes - Information Network" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesamt für Bildung und Wissenschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Betriebswirtschaft und Landtechnik, NEFF - Biogasprojekt.General Information: This is a concerted action to form an Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Network for agro-industrial wastes, principally to allow exchange of information and experience. It replaces the former IEA Activity on AD/biomass, and will build on the links already established and the conclusions drawn from the final report. It will also link with the EC ALTENER network project (the Industrial Exploitation of Waste for Energy' - Contract n 4.01030/94-07). Its objectives are to: - establish a network of expertise to share experience on the AD of agro-industrial; - produce databases covering (a) AD experts and organisations, (b) plant catalogue of project sites and (c) data library; - examine non-technical barriers to implementing AD and suggest how these might be overcome; - develop a methodology for the mapping of agro-industrial wastes; - identify key research and development problems and assist in the direction of future research activities by the EC and Member States; - examine local/global environmental impact/benefits for AD of agro-industrial wastes and compare with that of traditional farming and waste disposal practice; - information exchange on the performance of successful commercial AD facilities; - promote through Summary reports, Newsletters and Fact Sheets; - establish a Web site on the Internet to advertise the project, promote the findings and obtain feedback; - organise a seminar and publish project findings as a definitive source of information on AD.
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