Considering water as the primary resource necessary for social life, agriculture, industry, and wealth, the importance of groundwater investigation is clear. Apart from many other pollutants, this work focusses on geogenic uranium (U) and radium (Ra), which both stand for natural radionuclides (NORM) that need to be considered frame of groundwater exploration and monitoring programmes due to their specific mobility and chemo-/radiotoxicity. As investigation of U and – to a lesser extent - Ra is done by an increasing number of scientific working groups, the global dataset is improving continuously. In order to give a summarized overview on available and recent literature, scientific papers, reports, and governmental documents have been reviewed for U-238 mass concentrations and Ra-226 and Ra-228 activity concentrations and collected in tables and global maps. Further natural isotopes of U and Ra have been rarely subject of investigation. The collected data were evaluated and interpreted in frame of an associated scientific publication (see citation). From the available data it can be concluded that high geogenic U occur mainly under oxidizing conditions and carbonate rich groundwater, which might be seen as indicator for elevated U concentrations. Certain geological formations, as for example sedimentary, granitic, and volcanic host rocks, promote high U concentrations in groundwater. For geogenic Ra, the search for definite indications proved difficult, since less clear correlation is given for any observed factor. In a global perspective, the most promising evidence for elevated Ra are highly reducing redox conditions, as well as the occurrence of Fe/Mn mineral phases. Furthermore, barite represents a sink for Ra due to its ability to incorporate Ra isotopes. Dissolution of those mineral phases eventually results in co-dissolution of Ra, when Ra is found in host rocks of investigated aquifers, or downstream of such groundwater reservoirs. Furthermore, cation exchange might enhance Ra mobility process, especially in case of sedimentary aquifers with low sorption capacity and/or aquifers with high salinity. Given those chemical requirements for the occurrence of U and Ra, a negative correlation between mother and daughter nuclide can be established. When knowledge on present geological and geochemical constraints is available, elevated U and Ra concentrations might be predictable, as long as anthropogenic influence is excluded.
The HÜK250 (INSPIRE) describes the hydrogeological characteristics of the upper continuous aquifers in Germany at a scale of 1:250,000. According to the Data Specification on Geology (D2.8.II.4_v3.0) the content of the map is stored in a INSPIRE-compliant GML file: HUEK250.gml. The GML file together with a Readme.txt file is provided in ZIP format. The Readme.txt file (German/English) contains detailed information on the GML file content. Data transformation was proceeded by using the INSPIRE Solution Pack for FME according to the INSPIRE requirements.
The HÜK250 (INSPIRE) describes the hydrogeological characteristics of the upper continuous aquifers in Germany at a scale of 1:250,000. According to the Data Specification on Geology (D2.8.II.4_v3.0) the map provides INSPIRE-compliant data. The hydrogeologic units are represented graphically – mostly according to the INSPIRE portrayal rules – by GE.Aquifer.MediaType, GE.Aquifer.HydrogeochemicalRockType, GE.Aquifer.permeabilityCoefficient (BGR colours), GE.Aquitard.approximatePermeabilityCoefficient (BGR colours), GE.Aquitard and GE.Aquiclude.ConstitutionOfAquiclude. The geologic units are represented graphically – according to the INSPIRE portrayal rules – by GE.GeologicUnit.AgeOfRocks and GE.GeologicUnit.Lithology. The HÜK250 is a joint project of the SGD under the leadership of the BGR.
Die räumliche Verteilung von Hintergrundwerten für hydrogeochemische und physikochemische Parameter der oberflächennahen Grundwasserkörper ist nach der Kartengrundlage HÜK200 dargestellt. Hintergrundwerte dienen der Beschreibung der Beschaffenheit der Grundwasserkörper und stellen eine Entscheidungsgrundlage für die Abgrenzung von geogenen und auffälligen Beschaffenheitsdaten dar. Die Darstellung von Hintergrundwerten ist ein Beitrag von SGD und BGR zur Beschreibung von Grundwasserkörpern und dient somit der Umsetzung der Europäischen Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (EU-WRRL).
Considering water as the primary resource necessary for social life, agriculture, industry, and wealth, the importance of groundwater investigation is clear. Apart from many other pollutants, this work focusses on geogenic uranium (U) and radium (Ra), which both stand for natural radionuclides (NORM) that need to be considered frame of groundwater exploration and monitoring programmes due to their specific mobility and chemo-/radiotoxicity. As investigation of U and – to a lesser extent - Ra is done by an increasing number of scientific working groups, the global dataset is improving continuously. In order to give a summarized overview on available and recent literature, scientific papers, reports, and governmental documents have been reviewed for U-238 mass concentrations and Ra-226 and Ra-228 activity concentrations and collected in tables and global maps. Further natural isotopes of U and Ra have been rarely subject of investigation. The collected data were evaluated and interpreted in frame of an associated scientific publication (see citation). From the available data it can be concluded that high geogenic U occur mainly under oxidizing conditions and carbonate rich groundwater, which might be seen as indicator for elevated U concentrations. Certain geological formations, as for example sedimentary, granitic, and volcanic host rocks, promote high U concentrations in groundwater. For geogenic Ra, the search for definite indications proved difficult, since less clear correlation is given for any observed factor. In a global perspective, the most promising evidence for elevated Ra are highly reducing redox conditions, as well as the occurrence of Fe/Mn mineral phases. Furthermore, barite represents a sink for Ra due to its ability to incorporate Ra isotopes. Dissolution of those mineral phases eventually results in co-dissolution of Ra, when Ra is found in host rocks of investigated aquifers, or downstream of such groundwater reservoirs. Furthermore, cation exchange might enhance Ra mobility process, especially in case of sedimentary aquifers with low sorption capacity and/or aquifers with high salinity. Given those chemical requirements for the occurrence of U and Ra, a negative correlation between mother and daughter nuclide can be established. When knowledge on present geological and geochemical constraints is available, elevated U and Ra concentrations might be predictable, as long as anthropogenic influence is excluded.
Die räumliche Verteilung von Hintergrundwerten für hydrogeochemische und physikochemische Parameter der oberflächennahen Grundwasserkörper ist nach der Kartengrundlage HÜK200 dargestellt. Hintergrundwerte dienen der Beschreibung der Beschaffenheit der Grundwasserkörper und stellen eine Entscheidungsgrundlage für die Abgrenzung von geogenen und auffälligen Beschaffenheitsdaten dar. Die Darstellung von Hintergrundwerten ist ein Beitrag von SGD und BGR zur Beschreibung von Grundwasserkörpern und dient somit der Umsetzung der Europäischen Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (EU-WRRL).
Dieser Dienst enthält öffentlich verfügbare Bodendaten der Abteilung 6 - Geologie und Boden des LfU-SH. Informationen zu den einzelnen Karten können jeweils den zugehörigen Metadaten zu den einzelnen Datensätzen entnommen werden. Der Dienst wird regelmäßig um neu publizierte Daten erweitert.
Dieser Dienst enthält öffentlich verfügbare Geologische Daten der Abteilung 6 - Geologie und Boden des LfU-SH. Informationen zu den einzelnen Karten können jeweils den zugehörigen Metadaten zu den einzelnen Datensätzen entnommen werden. Der Dienst wird regelmäßig um neu publizierte Daten erweitert.