Das Projekt "Water management method for non-closed crop production" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft Braunschweig-Völkenrode, Institut für Technologie und Biosystemtechnik, Abteilung Biosystemtechnik durchgeführt. General Information: Background: In the Southern European countries there is an enormous lack of water. For agricultural purposes one tries to use the available water as efficient as possible. On the other hand, nutrient solved in the irrigation water may leach into ground and surface water. The objectives are: The objective of the project is to develop and to do research on a new water management method for non-closed crop production systems. It is based on the concept of keeping the water available for plants in the top layer of the soil, where the plant roots are located. Beneath this layer, there will be an inactive soil layer which acts as a buffer between the root zone and the ground water. The topsoil and the ground water will so hydrologically be disconnected. The open crop production system will thus behave as a 'Virtual closed system for water and fertilisers' avoiding excessive use of limited water resources and leaching of fertilisers. Short description of the project: The project will focus on three main targets: - the development of a multi-point, multiple dielectric sensor to measure water tension, water content and electric conductivity - the development of an extensive 2-dimensional hydraulic model for water movement in soil and - the development of 2 algorithms for water management, one for water use efficiency or water conservation and one for minimum leaching. The sensor, model, algorithms and irrigation system will be evaluated under experimental and practical conditions. Prime Contractor: Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek, Institut of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering; Wageningen; Netherlands.
Das Projekt "New opportunities for altimetry in hydrology" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde durchgeführt. General Information: The objective of N.O.A.H. is to demonstrate that the use of Earth Observation (EO) data provides a significant improvement in the field of hydrology and hydraulics, and particularly for flood prevention. Earth observation techniques enable us to measure terrain relief from space. These techniques include interferometry, which is based on ERS SAR data, and optical stereoscopy, which uses SPOT imagery. Data obtained through such processing techniques give access to precise and comprehensive information on the terrain characteristics, on a regional level (5 to 10 meters precision): relief, catchment basins, and slopes. Earth observation also provides adequate information on land use. EO data and derived high-level product information will be integrated into hydrological and hydraulic models over a pilot area (The Moselle Basin) to better understand the issues involved in the management of land use with respect to the risk of flooding, and to better serve user needs in this domain. The first year of the project will be devoted to the collection and the analysis of user requirements, the generation of suitable high-level products derived from EO data, and the development of tools to integrate this data into hydrological and hydraulic models. The second year will involve the implementation of the models with the full integration of the EO data gathered, the generation of the flood-related outputs (e.g. risk maps), and a final assessment of the results from a commercial, technical and scientific viewpoint. Finally, N.O.A.H. will include communication activities in interaction with the CEO services, to develop awareness of the contribution of EO data in the domain of flood prevention. The N.O.A.H. project responds to an urgent need in Europe concerning the prevention of flood events which cause considerable damage every year. From a scientific and operational point of view, N.O.A.H. represents a new tool for hydrological studies and a focal point for European hydrology institutes. From a technological and industrial point of view, N.O.A.H. valorizes the ERSl/ERS2 tandem mission as well as the SPOT programme, and the production of DEMs. Thus, it provides a good leverage for the development of the use of EO data in such important application domains. The proposal for N.O.A.H. is presesnted by a team lead by Cemagref, and consisting of other major hydrology institutes (Delft Hydraulics, BfG), major EO data providers (Spot Image, ISTAR) as well as scientific and technical entities which will act as interfaces to operational end-user communities (ICHR, EGERIE). Prime Contractor: Centre National du Machinisme Agricole, du Genie Rural, des Eaux et des Forets; Lyon; France.
Das Projekt "Strategische Planung der Infrastrukturentwicklung von Wasserversorgungssystemen - Ansätze, Methoden, Instrumente und praktische Anwendung" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Institut für Siedlungswasserbau, Industriewasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz durchgeführt. Im Rahmen der strategischen Planung werden Untersuchungen zur Weiterentwicklung der Infrastruktur bei einem Wasserversorger durchgeführt. Nach der grundsätzlichen Erstellung eines hydraulischen Modells, müssen Untersuchungen und Arbeiten zur Kalibrierung und zur instationären Modellierung durchgeführt werden. Dabei stehen die instationäre Modellierung zB von Wasserbedarf und Betriebszuständen, die Modellierung von speziellen Betriebsszenarien (Ausfälle, Risikobetrachtungen) und die Modellierung der Wasserqualität (Verlauf im Verteilnetz, Mischen von unterschiedlichen Dargebot) im Vordergrund.