Other language confidence: 0.8427343635369625
Während die Auswirkungen von Klimawandel auf physiologische und ökologische Prozesse das Thema zahlreicher Untersuchungen waren, sind evolutionäre Prozesse im Zusammenhang mit Klimawandel weit weniger gut untersucht. Insbesondere mangelt es an Studien zu möglichen komplexen Wechselwirkungen zwischen ökologischen und evolutionären Prozessen in einer sich ändernden Umwelt. Artspezifische Unterschiede in Anpassungsraten könnten die Dynamik der gesamten Art-Gemeinschaft beeinflussen, umgekehrt könnten sich ökologische Prozesse wie Interaktionen zwischen Arten, Immigration und Emigration auf das Anpassungspotential von Arten auswirken. Die Tatsache, dass Klimawandel zu Veränderungen in mehreren Umweltfaktoren führt, macht Vorhersagen über mögliche Auswirkungen noch schwieriger, da sich Veränderungen in mehreren Stressoren interaktiv auf ökologische und evolutionäre Prozesse auswirken könnten. Die Ziele des vorgeschlagenen Projektes sind die Analyse von ökologischen und evolutionären Prozessen und deren Wechselwirkung (1) bei Veränderung von mehreren Stressoren, (2) bei Umweltveränderung in trophisch einfachen versus trophisch komplexen Gemeinschaften, und (3) bei Umweltveränderung in isolierten versus verbundenen Habitaten. Diese Fragestellungen sollen mit einer Kombination aus Modellierung, Mikrokosmen- und Mesokosmen-Experimenten untersucht werden. In einem Selektionsexperiment über hunderte von Generationen werden mehrere Algenarten bei konstanten bzw. steigenden CO2- und/oder Temperatur-Werten exponiert. Ebenso werden mehrere Ciliatenarten bei konstanter bzw. steigender Temperatur gehalten. Reziproke Transplantationsexperimente testen, ob eine mögliche Anpassung von Algen an steigende CO2-Werte durch gleichzeitige Erhöhung der Temperatur beeinflusst wird. Weiters wird getestet, ob sich Arten von verschiedenen trophischen Ebenen (Algen versus Ciliaten) in ihrer Anpassungsfähigkeit unterscheiden. Reziproke Transplantationsexperimente der gesamten Gemeinschaft werden testen, ob evolutionäre Prozesse die Dynamik der Gemeinschaft beeinflussen. Interaktive Effekte von Umweltveränderung und Habitatkonnektivität auf ökologische und evolutionäre Prozesse werden sowohl in einem Mikrokosmenexperiment als auch in einem Mesokosmenexperiment untersucht. Der Effekt von steigender Temperatur (Mikrokosmenexperiment) bzw. abnehmendem pH-Wert (Mesokosmenexperiment) wird in isolierten bzw. verbundenen Habitaten verglichen. In einem theoretischen Ansatz werden die drei Fragestellungen in einem Modell verknüpft. Zunächst werden Evolution und Umweltveränderung in ein Metagemeinschaftsmodell integriert. Entlang eines Konnektivitäts-Gradienten wird die relative Bedeutung von lokaler Anpassung im Vergleich zu Wanderungsprozessen untersucht. usw.
This dataset reports physiological measurements of two bivalve species, Mytilus edulis (blue mussel) and Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster), obtained during a three-month mesocosm experiment conducted in Sylt, Germany, in 2023. Physiological data were collected between 27 April 2023 and 25 June 2023.Twelve mesocosms were used to investigate the effects of temperature on individual-level physiological traits, with treatments including ambient temperature and ambient +3°C. Parameters measured include clearance rate, ingestion rate, and respiration rate. Environmental variables such as water temperature, depth, and sampling time were recorded for each measurement. Individual bivalves were labeled for tracking, and species identification followed WoRMS taxonomy. Measurements were performed using handheld multiparameter instruments and laboratory analyses. The dataset provides high-resolution, individual-based physiological responses of bivalves to moderate warming, supporting research on temperature-dependent feeding, metabolic processes, and energy flux in coastal ecosystems.
The effects of a phytoplankton bloom and photobleaching on colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the sea-surface microlayer (SML) and the underlying water (ULW) were studied in a month-long mesocosm study, in May and June of 2023, at the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) in Wilhelmshaven, Germany. The mesocosm study was conducted by the DFG research group BASS (Biogeochemical processes and Air–sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer, Bibi et al., 2025) in the Sea Surface Facility (SURF) of the ICBM. The facility contains an 8 m × 1.5 m × 0.8 m large outdoor basin with a retractable roof, which was closed at night and during rain events. The basin was filled with North Sea water from the adjacent Jade Bay. Homogeneity of the ULW in the basin was achieved by constant mixing of the water column. The daily SML and ULW samples were collected alternating in the morning, about 1 h after sunrise, and in the afternoon, about 10 h after sunrise. The alternation of sampling times intended to capture a potential effect of sun-exposure duration on DOM transformations and elucidated the day and night variability of the layers. The SML was collected via glass plate sampling (Cunliffe and Wurl, 2014). The ULW was sampled via a submerged tube and a connected syringe suction system in 0.4 m depth. The removed sample volume was refilled with Jade Bay water every day. SML and ULW samples were filtered through pre-flushed 0.7 µm Whatman GF/F and 0.2 nucleopore filters into brown bottles and were stored dark and at 4 °C until measurement within weeks of the study. The brown bottles were previously combusted at 500 °C. CDOM was measured with three liquid waveguide capillary cells (LWCC, WPI, USA) of different pathlengths (10 cm, 50 cm, 250 cm) to increase the measurement sensitivity following the protocols of Röttgers et al. (2024) using a spectral detector (Avantes, Netherlands) for a total spectral range from 230 to 750 nm. A sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was used for the salinity correction. The blank-corrected absorbance spectra were then converted into Napierian absorption coefficients (Bricaud et al., 1981).
The effects of a phytoplankton bloom and photobleaching on colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the sea-surface microlayer (SML) and the underlying water (ULW) were studied in a month-long mesocosm study, in May and June of 2023, at the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) in Wilhelmshaven, Germany. The mesocosm study was conducted by the DFG research group BASS (Biogeochemical processes and Air–sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer, Bibi et al., 2025) in the Sea Surface Facility (SURF) of the ICBM. The facility contains an 8 m × 1.5 m × 0.8 m large outdoor basin with a retractable roof, which was closed at night and during rain events. The basin was filled with North Sea water from the adjacent Jade Bay. Homogeneity of the ULW in the basin was achieved by constant mixing of the water column. The daily SML and ULW samples were collected alternating in the morning, about 1 h after sunrise, and in the afternoon, about 10 h after sunrise. The alternation of sampling times intended to capture a potential effect of sun-exposure duration on DOM transformations and elucidated the day and night variability of the layers. The SML was collected via glass plate sampling (Cunliffe and Wurl, 2014). The ULW was sampled via a submerged tube and a connected syringe suction system in 0.4 m depth. The removed sample volume was refilled with Jade Bay water every day. SML and ULW samples were filtered through pre-flushed 0.7 µm Whatman GF/F and 0.2 nucleopore filters into clear 40 ml SUPELCO bottles. These bottles were acid-washed twice and combusted at 500 °C for 5 h. The samples were stored dark and at 4 °C and measured within a few months of the study. FDOM was measured using a Aqualog fluorescence spectrometer (Horiba Scientific, Japan) with 10 seconds integration time and high gain of the CCD (charge-coupled device) sensor within an excitation range from 240 to 500 nm, and an emission range from 209.15 to 618.53 nm. The Aqualog measures fluorescence as well as absorption. The resulting data includes an excitation-emission-matrix (EEM) of the blank (MilliQ Starna cuvette), an EEM of the sample, and the absorption values of the sample. The raw exported Aqualog data was corrected for errors and lamp shifts. The corrected EEM data is then decomposed by PARAFAC (Murphy et al., 2013) for its underlying fluorophore components. Before running the PARAFAC routine, the corrected data needed to undergo a correction process by subtracting the blank from the sample EEM and canceling the influences of the inner-filter effect (IFE, Parker & Rees, 1962; Kothawala et al., 2013). The fluorescence intensity of the IFE-corrected EEM is calibrated by using the Raman scatter peak of water (Lawaetz & Stedmon, 2009). For PARAFAC the corrected data was processed using the drEEM and NWAY toolbox (version 0.6.5; Murphy et al., 2013) in MATLAB (R2020b). A 4-component model was validated with the validation style S4C6T3 for the split half analysis with nonnegativity constraints and 1-8e as the convergence criteria with 50 random starts and a maximum number of 2500 iterations. The resulting final model had a core consistency of 82.04 and the explained percentage was 99.54%. Furthermore, four fluorescence indices were calculated from the corrected EEM data (HIX – Humification index, Zsolnay et al., 1999; BIX – Biological index, Huguet et al., 2009; REPIX – Recently produced index, Parlanti et al., 2000, Drozdowska et al., 2015; ARIX, Murphy, 2025).
Data from a mesocosm experiment where the effects of nitrate and phosphate fertilization and copepod grazing pressure on Baltic sea plankton community were followed. Oversupply of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds fertilise aquatic systems but also change the stoichiometry of available nutrients. Here we manipulated N and P concentrations to create a range of Si:N ratios. Plankton and dissolved nutrient samples were collected three times per week for the duration (20 days) of the experiment. Unicelular plankton was fixed with lugol solution after sampling and enumerated following Utermohl method. Picoplankton was enumerated using flow cytometry. Initially, plankton biomass was the highest in high nutrient low Si:N treatments but after the bloom period, this trend switched and phytoplankton biomass was sustained longer in low nutrient high Si:N treatments. Copepods had minor effects on total phytoplankton biomass but did affect the biomass of selected species.
Data from a mesocosm experiment where the effects of nitrate and phosphate fertilization and copepod grazing pressure on Baltic sea plankton community were followed. Oversupply of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds fertilise aquatic systems but also change the stoichiometry of available nutrients. Here we manipulated N and P concentrations to create a range of Si:N ratios. Plankton and dissolved nutrient samples were collected three times per week for the duration (20 days) of the experiment. Unicelular plankton was fixed with lugol solution after sampling and enumerated following Utermohl method. Picoplankton was enumerated using flow cytometry. Initially, plankton biomass was the highest in high nutrient low Si:N treatments but after the bloom period, this trend switched and phytoplankton biomass was sustained longer in low nutrient high Si:N treatments. Copepods had minor effects on total phytoplankton biomass but did affect the biomass of selected species.
We analyzed concentrations of dissolved and particulate trace metals, including iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo), thallium (Tl), and rare earth elements (REE), during a mesocosm-based phytoplankton summer bloom mimicking the intertidal zone of the southern North Sea (Jade Bay). The studies aimed to identify key drivers controlling their biogeochemical cycling in dynamic, high-productivity coastal environments. Our results highlight the tidally influenced coastal zone as a critical interface that alters the behavior of supposedly conservative elements such as Mo and Tl (Mori et al., 2021) as well as natural and anthropogenic REE (incl., lanthanum, samarium, and gadolinium) (Mori et al., under review). Trace metal concentrations and shale-normalized REE patterns, determined by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), were combined with biogeochemical bulk parameters and pigment-based assessments of phytoplankton growth and community composition (Mustaffa et al., 2020). Trace metal and REE cycling were evaluated in relation to phytoplankton dynamics, particulate organic matter composition (C, N, P), dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, and macronutrient concentrations (nitrate, ammonium, silicate, and inorganic phosphate). The dataset was obtained during a Planktotron-based mesocosm experiment conducted within the framework of the Coastal Ocean Darkening project (Mustaffa et al., 2020).
Changes in silicon to nitrogen (Si:N) ratios are known to affect phytoplankton community composition, as silicon is an essential nutrient for diatoms but not for most other phytoplankton. Less is known if and how this ratio affects biochemical composition and stoichiometry of seston. This is of importance, as changes in seston chemistry can have implications on the quality of food available for zooplankton. We applied a range of Si:N ratios and two levels of copepod grazing on a natural Baltic sea plankton community pre-filtered with 125um mesh size filter. Si:N ratios were achieved by adding silicate (at target concentrations of 10, 16, 22, 28 and 34 μmol L−1) and nitrate solutions (at target nitrogen concentration of 40 µmol L-1) to the experimental units at the start of the experiment. Copepod grazing was manipulated by adding 30 individuals of adult Eurytemora affinis copepods per liter to high copepod treatments once phytoplankton bloom has established (day 6 of the experiment). The mesocosm experiment was carried out in summer 2016 and lasted 20 days. The response of particulate carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus was followed by sampling three times per week and fatty acid samples were taken at the end of the experiment. Our data reveals that increasing Si:N ratios result in an increase of particulate carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen and total fatty acid concentrations. Carbon to nitrogen (C:N) and carbon to phosphorus (C:P) ratios increased with increasing Si:N ratios as well as the concentrations of individual essential fatty acids such as DHA and EPA per seston carbon. Enhanced copepod grazing affected C:N, C:P and DHA and ALA concentrations negatively. Consequently, this data illustrates the importance of bottom up effects such as changes in Si:N ratio and top-down controls like copepod grazing in shaping particulate nutrient and fatty acid composition of marine seston.
Changes in silicon to nitrogen (Si:N) ratios are known to affect phytoplankton community composition, as silicon is an essential nutrient for diatoms but not for most other phytoplankton. Less is known if and how this ratio affects biochemical composition and stoichiometry of seston. This is of importance, as changes in seston chemistry can have implications on the quality of food available for zooplankton. We applied a range of Si:N ratios and two levels of copepod grazing on a natural Baltic sea plankton community pre-filtered with 125um mesh size filter. Si:N ratios were achieved by adding silicate (at target concentrations of 10, 16, 22, 28 and 34 μmol L−1) and nitrate solutions (at target nitrogen concentration of 40 µmol L-1) to the experimental units at the start of the experiment. Copepod grazing was manipulated by adding 30 individuals of adult Eurytemora affinis copepods per liter to high copepod treatments once phytoplankton bloom has established (day 6 of the experiment). The mesocosm experiment was carried out in summer 2016 and lasted 20 days. The response of particulate carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus was followed by sampling three times per week and fatty acid samples were taken at the end of the experiment. Our data reveals that increasing Si:N ratios result in an increase of particulate carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen and total fatty acid concentrations. Carbon to nitrogen (C:N) and carbon to phosphorus (C:P) ratios increased with increasing Si:N ratios as well as the concentrations of individual essential fatty acids such as DHA and EPA per seston carbon. Enhanced copepod grazing affected C:N, C:P and DHA and ALA concentrations negatively. Consequently, this data illustrates the importance of bottom up effects such as changes in Si:N ratio and top-down controls like copepod grazing in shaping particulate nutrient and fatty acid composition of marine seston.
Phytoplankton, microzooplankton, copepod and dissolved nutrient data from a mesocosm experiment, which took place in summer 2016. A range of Si:N ratios and two levels of copepod grazing pressure were manipulated on a natural plankton community in Kiel Bay, Southern Baltic Sea, Germany.
| Organisation | Count |
|---|---|
| Bund | 1 |
| Land | 1 |
| Wissenschaft | 14 |
| Type | Count |
|---|---|
| Daten und Messstellen | 14 |
| Förderprogramm | 1 |
| License | Count |
|---|---|
| Offen | 15 |
| Language | Count |
|---|---|
| Deutsch | 1 |
| Englisch | 14 |
| Resource type | Count |
|---|---|
| Archiv | 2 |
| Datei | 12 |
| Keine | 1 |
| Topic | Count |
|---|---|
| Boden | 11 |
| Lebewesen und Lebensräume | 15 |
| Luft | 11 |
| Mensch und Umwelt | 15 |
| Wasser | 15 |
| Weitere | 15 |