Das Forschungsvorhaben soll zur Rekonstruktion der Klima- und insbesondere der Monsunvariabilität in Südwestchina beitragen. Anhand von Bohrkernen klimasensitiver Bäume entlang klimatischer Höhengradienten sollen Jahrringchronologien mehrerer Baumarten für die letzten ca. 500 Jahre erstellt werden. Diese bilden die Basis zur Rekonstruktion verschiedener saisonaler Klimaelemente, die dann zum Witterungsverlauf während des gesamten Jahres rekombiniert werden. Durch die dendrochronologische Datierung verschieden alter Moränen soll die Gletschergeschichte der letzten Jahrhunderte rekonstruiert werden. Diese Daten werden durch Altersdatierungen mit der C14-Methode von fossilen Pflanzen- und Bodenresten ergänzt. Ein Vergleich der Gletschergeschichte des Gongga Shan mit dem zentralen Osttibet soll Unterschiede in der Dynamik des ostasiatischen Zweigs des Monsunsystems und des Indischen Monsunsystems zutage treten lassen. In Zusammenarbeit mit Prof. Richter (Erlangen) werden Studien zum Bestandesalter und zur Vegetationsdynamik von Pflanzenbeständen durchgeführt, die auf den Obermoränen der rezenten Gletscher gedeihen. Studien zum Entwicklungsgrad der Böden und der Bodentemperaturen im Wurzelraum dienen der besseren ökologischen Interpretation der dendrochronologischen Befunde.
This dataset was collected during field-based monitoring in the Kali Gandaki River catchment be-tween the years 2013 and 2017. The monitoring aims to understand the hydrological fluxes and feedback with weathering and erosion processes across the mountain range. The Kali Gandaki River sources its water in the North and traverses through the Himalayan Mountain Range, along a north-south transect. The field-based monitoring comprises targeted field campaigns to revisit locations at different years and seasons in order to constrain the annual and intra-annual variability.
This is complemented by permanent installations and routine river and rain sampling at two loca-tions, Lete and Purtighat. Lete is situated at the orographic barrier, at ~2500 m asl. and the up-stream catchment integrates the northern part of the Himalayan Range as well as some of the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Purtighat is located further south and integrates the north-ern part as well as south-facing flanks of the Higher and Lower Himalayas. At both locations, auto-mated river monitoring is installed as well as a trained station ward for daily routine sampling. At Lete, rainfall samples are obtained on a daily resolution during the monsoon. This sampling was not feasible at Purtighat for logistic reasons. Instead, rain was sampled daily in Kathmandu.
This dataset contains five tables of stable water isotope analysis. One containing grab samples from the Kali Gandaki river in its vicinities and 4 tables with time series sampling from the Kali Gandaki River and from rainfall.
Forests worldwide act an important sink and compensate for a large portion of anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions. However, the lack of large-scale and long-term empirical data linking absolute estimates of ecosystem productivity with climate variability and change is a major caveat for reliable quantifications of the terrestrial carbon balance. Thus, the proposed study aims to comprehensively assess regional-scale forest productivity and its short to long-term trends in response to the dominant atmospheric circulation patterns. Research will be conducted in the Southwestern United States where climate variability is primarily driven by the North American Monsoon System (NAMS). A combination of innovative and well-established methodologies (e.g. tree-ring based annual biomass estimates, tree-ring stable isotope chronologies, eddy-covariance measurements and terrestrial biosphere models) will be utilized to empirically assess regional annually resolved net ecosystem productivity (NEP). Thereby, a broad climatic gradient ranging from drought to temperature stressed sites will be covered and observed changes in forest carbon stocks attributed to NAMS variability. In addition to addressing regional impacts in the southwest USA, the investigated climate regimes serve as a warm and dry analogue to predicted European climate. It is anticipated that this research will also provide valuable insights as to future forest productivity and related carbon sequestration potential in Europe and many other mid-latitude regions. This study is expected to i) provide valuable annually-resolved empirical data on forest productivity, ii) contribute to reduced uncertainties in assessments of regional forest carbon sink dynamics, iii) allow conclusions to be made for future ecosystem productivity, and iv) support integrated assessments of major atmospheric circulation patterns and their impacts on the terrestrial carbon cycle.
Objective: Human life and the entire ecosystem of South East Asia depend upon the monsoon climate and its predictability. More than 40Prozent of the earth's population lives in this region. Droughts and floods associated with the variability of rainfall frequently cause serious damage to ecosystems in these regions and, more importantly, injury and loss of human life. The headwater areas of seven major rivers in SE Asia, i.e. Yellow River, Yangtze, Mekong, Salween, Irrawaddy, Brahmaputra and Ganges, are located in the Tibetan Plateau. Estimates of the Plateau water balance rely on sparse and scarce observations that cannot provide the required accuracy, spatial density and temporal frequency. Fully integrated use of satellite and ground observations is necessary to support water resources management in SE Asia and to clarify the roles of the interactions between the land surface and the atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau in the Asian monsoon system. The goal of this project is to: - Construct out of existing ground measurements and current / future satellites an observing system to determine and monitor the water yield of the Plateau, i.e. how much water is finally going into the seven major rivers of SE Asia; this requires estimating snowfall, rainfall, evapotranspiration and changes in soil moisture; - Monitor the evolution of snow, vegetation cover, surface wetness and surface fluxes and analyze the linkage with convective activity, (extreme) precipitation events and the Asian Monsoon; this aims at using monitoring of snow, vegetation and surface fluxes as a precursor of intense precipitation towards improving forecasts of (extreme) precipitations in SE Asia. A series of international efforts initiated in 1996 with the GAME-Tibet project. The effort described in this proposal builds upon 10 years of experimental and modeling research and the consortium includes many key-players and pioneers of this long term research initiative.