Das Projekt "Hotspot Ecosystem Research on the Margins of European Seas (HERMES)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von IFM-GEOMAR Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften durchgeführt. HERMES is designed to gain new insights into the biodiversity, structure, function and dynamics of ecosystems along Europe's deep-ocean margin. It represents the first major attempt to understand European deep-water ecosystems and their environment in an integrated way by bringing together expertise in biodiversity, geology, sedimentology, physical oceanography, microbiology and biogeochemistry, so that the generic relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning can be understood. Study sites will extend from the Arctic to the Black Sea and include open slopes, where landslides and deep-ocean circulation affect ecosystem development, and biodiversity hotspots, such as cold seeps, coldwater coral mounds, canyons and anoxic environments, where the geosphere and hydrosphere influence the biosphere through escape of fluids, presence of gas hydrates and deep-water currents. These important systems require urgent study because of their possible biological fragility, unique genetic resources, global relevance to carbon cycling and possible susceptibility to global change and man-made disturbances. Past changes, including catastrophic events, will be assessed using sediment archives. We will make estimates of the flow rates of methane from the geosphere and calculate how much is utilised by benthic communities, leaving the residual contribution to reach the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas. HERMES will enable forecasting of biodiversity change in relation to natural and man-made environmental changes by developing the first comprehensive pan-European margin Geographic Information System. This will provide a framework for integrating science, environmental modelling and socio-economic indicators in ecosystem management. The results will underpin the development of a comprehensive European Ocean and Seas Integrated Governance Policy enabling risk assessment, management, conservation and rehabilitation options for margin ecosystems. Prime Contractor: Natural Environment Research Council; Athens; United Kingdom.
Das Projekt "EURopean network of excellence for OCean Ecosystems ANalysiS (EUR-OCEANS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung e.V. in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (AWI) durchgeführt. EUR-OCEANS aims to achieve lasting integration of European research organisations on global change and pelagic marine ecosystems, and to develop models for assessing and forecasting the impacts of climate and anthropogenic forcing on food-web dynamics (structure, functioning, diversity and stability) of pelagic ecosystems in the open ocean. The NOE will favour the progressive integration of research programmes and facilities of major research Institutes all over Europe. The long-term goal of the NOE is to create a multi-site Institute for European Research on Ocean Ecosystems under Anthropogenic and Natural forcings. The international context is provided by Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC), and the forthcoming Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER) of the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP).EUR-OCEANS' Joint Programme of Activities (JPA) comprises: (1) Integrating activities on: networking (data and model integration); (2) Jointly executed research, organised around four broad modelling tasks (together with observations and experiments) on: pelagic ecosystems end-to-end, biogeochemistry, ecosystem approach to marine resources and within-system integration; (3) Activities to spread excellence, including training of researchers, and spreading excellence to socio-economic users and to the European public (through the Association of Aquaria for EUR-OCEANS public outreach); (4) Management Activities. Administrative and Financial Coordinator: Institut Oceanographique. Governing bodies: General Assembly (Member Organisations); Executive Committee (incl. Scientific Director and the Deputy); Steering Committee (incl. Work Packages Leaders). Councils: Scientific, Intellectual, Gender Equality, and EUR-OCEANS Institute. Composition: 69 Member Organisations, from 25 states (incl. 7 Third countries); 160 PIs selected for their capacity and excellence. Close cooperation with the USA, Australia, Canada, Namibia and Japan. Prime Contractor: France Innovation Scientifique et Transfert; Paris; France.
Das Projekt "Modular instrument package for aerosol optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei activity" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (Otto-Hahn-Institut) durchgeführt. The instrument package will enable in situ measurements of aerosol optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation at high temporal and spatial resolution on HALO aircraft missions. The measured parameters will be: aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients at multiple wavelengths, black carbon equivalent mass concentrations, CCN number concentrations and efficiencies as a function of water vapour supersaturation and particle diameter (CCN spectra). Advanced measurement techniques and instrumentation will be developed, adapted, and integrated on HALO. A multi-channel CCN counter measuring the supersaturation and size dependence of CCN concentration and efficiency at high time resolution will be newly designed on the basis of a prototype system developed and applied in our group for ground-based measurements. The optical techniques, most of which are also already used in our group, will be optimized with regard to sensitivity and time resolution. The instrument package will be used to study the impact of aerosols on atmospheric processes and climate, as foreseen in the demo mission ACRIDICON and follow-up projects. The results will be essential for understanding and quantifying the direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic and natural aerosols on the Earth's energy balance and hydrological cycle. Moreover, individual modules can and shall be used to complement missions which are not focused on but influenced by aerosol properties, such as the demo mission NARVAL and other missions investigating clouds and precipitation (e.g., NEPTUN).
Das Projekt "Entwicklung der Landnutzung, Bodendegradation und deren Konsequenzen für die Waldsteppenzone Bashkortostans" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Geowissenschaften und Geographie, Arbeitsgruppe Geoökologie durchgeführt. In the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Russia) land use in general and land use practices in particular have changed due to the transformation process after the breakup of the former Soviet Union. These developments are causing land degradation and soll erosion, subsequently leading to a dramatic loss of arable land and a reduction of land productivity. The project will investigate the natural and anthropogenic causes for land degradation and soil erosion. Further more, ecological, socio-economic and political factors influencing sustainable agriculture in the region will be examined. For this study existing Russian archives, results from field work as Well as the analyses of remote sensing data will be used. Finally, guidelines and recommendations for soll conservation strategies will be developed. In addition, the existing data basis will be re-examined and adapted to international standards. The Integration of data as well as their transfer to the public will be achieved by using GIS techniques.
Das Projekt "Organische Spurenanalyse von atmosphärischen Markersubstanzen in Eisbohrkernen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Mainz, Fachbereich Chemie, Pharmazie und Geowissenschaften, Institut für Pharmazie durchgeführt. Um aktuelle Umwelt- und Klimaveränderungen in einem längeren zeitlichen Kontext bewerten zu können, insbesondere anthropogene und natürliche Einflüsse auf den atmosphärischen Aerosoleintrag in die Atmosphäre zu verstehen, werden Informationen über die Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre in der Vergangenheit benötigt. Eisbohrkerne aus den Polarregionen oder Gletschern sind wertvolle Umwelt- und Klimaarchive, da sie unter anderem das mit dem Schnellfall deponierte Aerosol enthalten. Daher kann die Analyse von partikel-gebundenen Spurenstoffen in Eisbohrkernen stoffliche Informationen über zurückliegende Umwelt- und Klimabedingungen liefern. Bis heute konzentrieren sich diese Bemühungen auf anorganische Substanzen und nur wenige organische Analyten. Ein Großteil der in diesen Bohrkernen enthaltenen Informationen geht dadurch verloren. Dies charakterisiert das Hauptziel des Vorhabens, durch Erarbeitung organischer spurenanalytischer Methoden basierend auf LC-HRMS (Flüssigchromatographie in Kombination mit hochauflösender Massenspektrometrie) eine ausgewählte Palette von Markersubstanzen zu quantifizieren. Zielmoleküle sind insbesondere neue Marker für biogene sekundäre organische Aerosole (biogenic SOA) und Biomasseverbrennungs-Marker. Die Auswahl dieser Verbindungen basiert einerseits auf dem zu erwartenden Informationsgewinn über die Quellen und deren Zusammensetzung (terrestrische Vegetation/Waldbrände), andererseits auf der atmosphärischen Lebensdauer der Marker, da nur langlebige Marker weit entfernt liegende Regionen erreichen können. Zusätzlich zur Analyse dieser Zielanalyten sollen auch ââ‚ Ìnon-target screening-Methoden zum Einsatz kommen. In enger Zusammenarbeit mit einem etablierten Eisbohrkernlabor am PSI in der Schweiz werden die entwickelten Analysetechniken auf einen Eisbohrkern aus dem Belukha-Gletscher im Sibirischen Altai Gebirge angewendet.
Das Projekt "Bewältigung von Naturkatastrophen - die Rolle der Versicherungswirtschaft im Zusammenspiel der Institutionen (Arbeitstitel)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität München, Institut für Risikomanagement und Versicherung durchgeführt. 1. Darstellung und Würdigung der Gefahrenlage und Trends; 2. Entwicklung und Arbeitsteilung von Institutionen zur Katastrophenbewältigung (Staat, Wirtschaft, NGOs) im kulturhistorischen Kontext und im internationalen Vergleich; 3. Cases (Tsunami/Katrina/Elbehochwasser); 4. kritische Würdigung.
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