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Objective: Methane derived from solid biofuels is an important option for achieving the political goal for an increased use of alternative motor fuels. The biomass methanation has already been demonstrated on the small scale. And methane can easily be feed into the existing Natural Gas infrastructure, and can then be used with available technology, in particular within vehicle fleets. Although this option has been explicitly encouraged by the EC Directive 2003/55/EC so far no R&D-focus has been put on this. Thus, the objective of this project is it to realise and demonstrate the production of Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) from solid biofuels within an innovative, large scale gasification plant to be built in Austria and to applicate this motor fuel in energy efficient vehicles (WTW).
We propose to initialise a European Network for observations of molecular Hydrogen and to put in place a new and consistent calibration scale for molecular Hydrogen. The observational network will have 12 continuous measurements sites in Europe, 7 flask sampling sites in Europe and 6 global flask sampling sites. Concerning the European sites, a range of observation from clean air stations for measurements of atmospheric background to moderately polluted (e.g. urban outflow) and urban (i.e. polluted) sites was chosen. This will enable to improve the understanding of hydrogen in the global background atmosphere and of the impact of European emissions on the present day atmosphere, e.g. using local modelling techniques and radon flux calculations. We further propose to perform budget studies of molecular hydrogen (on a global and regional scale) and to study sinks and sources. Especially the important soil sink will be studied (mechanistically and experimentally). A first systematic study of isotopic composition of molecular hydrogen in the atmosphere is proposed, using observations from global and European flask sampling sites and global models, which hydrogen isotope fractionation processes will be incorporated. Global and regional models will be used to investigate the budget of atmospheric hydrogen, by comparing mixing ratios and isotope ratios between model and observations and by varying underlying model emission patterns. The Proposal further includes some studies to assess the impact of atmospheric hydrogen on the present day atmosphere, i.e. the influence on the oxidation capacity of the troposphere, the lifetimes of greenhouse gases like CH4 and on the stratospheric budgets of water vapour and ozone. Some exploratory studies will be carried out to investigate these impacts under changed atmospheric hydrogen levels, associated with the use of hydrogen as a carrier of economy.
Objective: The project aims to develop highly integrated solar heating and cooling systems for small and medium capacity applications which are easily installed and economically and socially sustainable. The envisioned applications are residential houses, small office buildings and hotels. The goal is to use the excess solar heat in summer to power a thermally driven cooling process in order to provide cooling for air-conditioning. In the heating season the solar system is used to provide direct heating. The proposed project therefore aims to demonstrate the technical feasibility, reliability and cost effectiveness of these systems, specially conceived as integrated systems to be offered on the market as complete packages which will make better use of the available solar radiation as present systems.
Objective: The project focuses on the demonstration of an innovative and sustainable CHP concept using residues from olive oil production (olive wastes) as fuel. A first plant based on the new concept will be realised in Greece. The main objective of the project is to demonstrate a closed cycle concept able to reduce landfill problems and emissions and to promote the use of renewable electricity production in Southern Europe. The project will be based on an approach integrating the whole chain (fuel logistics and preparation, energy production, by-product utilisation). An optimised fuel logistic concept will guarantee for a secured fuel supply over the whole year. The fuel will not only be dewatered and dried but also a marketable by-product will be produced. By this means a better fuel quality can be achieved and solid wastes as well as waste- water can be omitted. The development and design of the combustion unit focuses on a technology tailored to the special characteristics of the olive waste.
Objective: The results of the project will improve and widen the potential for the integration of solar (PV) energy systems into existing buildings. Special attention will be paid architectural and aesthetic questions. Building integration of PV systems in most cases leads to a 'high tech' and 'modern' appearance of the building. This is caused by the typical window-like surface of most conventional PV modules. Regarding however that90Prozent of the building stock consists of longer existing, that means 'old fashioned' buildings, it is evident that anaesthetically satisfying building integration of PV needs a lot of good will and creativity from planners and architects. In many existing building integrated PV systems the modules contrast with the building and its surroundings. A European survey on the potential and needs for building integrated PV components and systems will identify the basis for the development of modules away from the glass / window-like appearance. In the project PV roof tiles, overhead glazing and facade elements based on CIS thin film technology will be developed and investigated which have a modified optical appearance for better adaptation to the building skin. One of the ideas is optical decoupling of substrate and cover glass. A complete roof tile system with thin film cells adapted to the visual appearance of conventional roof tiles and innovative connection and mounting will be developed. The work includes prototype fabrication and tests according to relevant standards and subsequent performance tests. Novel overhead glazing includes semitransparent thin film modules optimised for daylight transmission. The backside appearance will be modified in order to represent the visible inner part of the building skin. For overhead and insolating glazing an invisible interconnection and for PV roof tiles a low cost connector will be developed. Project results will be systems ready for industrial production.
Objective: The proposed project is designed to address the problem of pollution of the environment by road vehicles as denned under the Thematic Priority 1.6.2, Sustainable Surface Transport relating to the Work Programme 'Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area'. The research activities of the consortium will be based around state of the art developments in the area of optical fibre sensor and intelligent instrumentation technology to formulate a system for on line monitoring of exhaust emissions from road vehicles. The application of this technology to resolving the problems of atmospheric pollutants and their regional impacts is therefore highly appropriate to the issue identified in the thematic roadmap i.e. 'New technologies and concepts for all surface transport modes'. The consortium which will execute the research programme comprises six members from four EC member states. They include four academic institutions, an SME and an end user (a major European car manufacturer). Their combined expertise and knowledge of the technological and business issues will facilitate the rapid development of the technology into a demonstratable prototype within the three year lifetime of the project. The project's technical objectives are summarised as follows: -. To set up laboratory based test facilities such that the sensor systems may be characterised in a precisely controlled and reproducible manner. Therefore, individual parameters such as optical absorption and scattering may be studied in isolation as well as collectively.. To isolate and identify the optical signals arising from contaminants present in the complex mixtures of exhaust systems of a wide range of vehicles using advanced and novel optical fibre based spectroscopie interrogation techniques. To develop novel optical fibre sensors which are miniature and robust in their construction and may be fitted...
General Information/Summary: The aim of this proposal is the technological development of dye photovoltaic cells, recently invented by the Swiss Institute of Technology (EPFL), from today's laboratory stage to highly reliable and reproducible products and to become producible by an industrially feasible manufacturing process. Dye PV cells will be optimized for indoor applications where laboratory cells have already shown promising I-V and stability performance. Through such applications, this new thin-film PV technology may be introduced to the market place even before the turn of the century, create new jobs in Europe and, ultimately, smooth the way for the technically more demanding outdoor applications. The high economical and ecological interest of such an approach relies on the increasing importance of stand-alone indoor power systems with a market potential in the order of 1 billion modules per year and the replacement of non-rechargeable batteries by a more sustainable technology. The new PV technology will directly challenge the Japanese domination in the field of amorphous silicon cells. Specifically, dye PV cells will be designed for the fast growing market of electronic price labels in retail stores that fulfil the specifications of the end user with regard to power/size ratio, costs and mechanical requirements. Dye PV cells have the potential to offer more than twice the power output of commercial amorphous silicon cells of a given size and to be produced at relatively low costs. The calculation of cost prices of industrially produced raw materials and dye PV cell manufacturing will be a principle objective for the industrial partners. A pilot line for assembling up to 1 mio. PV modules (ca. 2.5 V) per year will be designed, allowing for a complete estimation of production costs. In order to achieve the goals of the present proposal within the planned 24 months, a consortium of academic (EPFL, University of Uppsala) and institutional R and D laboratories (ECN, IVF), a large chemical manufacturer (DSM)t a specialist on glass/polymer and other polymer film based compounds (L.P.M.), a manufacturer of electrochemical storage devices (Leclanche) and an and user (Pricer) producing electronic price labels have joined forces. The RTD programme is subdivided in nine well-defined tasks, including PV cell specification, first prototype preparation, optimization for the end user's requirements, characterization, final cell preparation to ultimately the design of a pilot production line and testing of the final dye PV cells in two retail stores. Netherlands Energy Research Foundation; Petten/Netherlands.
MetaPV is the first project world-wide that will demonstrate the provision of electrical benefits from photovoltaics (PV) on a large scale. Additional benefits for active grid support from PV will be demonstrated at two sites: a residential/urban area of 128 households with 4 kWp each, and an industrial zone of 31 PV systems with 200 kWp each. The enhanced control capacities to be implemented into PV inverters and demonstrated are active voltage control, fault ride-through capability, autonomous grid operation, and interaction of distribution system control with PV systems. A detailed technical and economic assessment of the additional services from PV is carried out. The role of PV in an area fully supplied by renewable sources is to be assessed. The work covers 3 phases: - In the first phase, the demonstration is prepared for the specific demonstration zones. The PV side (inverter) and the network side will be both addressed. Small and large PV inverters for residential and industrial applications, which both can provide additional benefits for electrical network operation, will be developed. On the network side, adapted concepts for grid planning and operation of distribution networks with large amounts of PV generation will be developed. - In the second phase, based on the development and suggestions of phase one, two pilot demonstrations will be carried out and evaluated. The first one will demonstrate the active contribution of PV for increasing power quality and security of the system operation in a residential area. In the second one, security of power supply and autonomous operation will be demonstrated in an industrial zone. - The third phase covers communication with stakeholders that will take place from the beginning of the demonstration phase. The project results will be disseminated and communicated to the stakeholders, the scientific community and to the local public. The demonstration will allow for successful replication in other grids in Europe.
Objective: The aim of this project is to turn 4 core communities (Germany, Austria, Luxemburg, Poland) with clearly defined system borders and 14 - 20.000 inhabitants each into CONCERTO communities. A mix of different EE and RES demonstrations (including refurbishment of old buildings, eco-buildings and polygeneration, all underpinned with complete business plans) will allow to avoid about 300 GWh/yr end energy from fossil sources, thus avoiding 94.000 tons CO2/yr, and saving 22.9 mio Euro/yr of disbursements for extra-communal electricity and heat deliveries. The application of the Decentralised Energy Management System (DEMS) will allow for local and inter-communal operation, monitoring and control of energy consumption, storage and generation units and grids, including DSM and LCP, thereby exploring a EE potential of at least 5Prozent. The target in RES coverage for 2010 is of resp. 39 to 62Prozent of the then remaining electricity and heat demand. EnerMAS, a low-threshold version of the European environmental management system.
CESAR aims for a breakthrough in the development of low-cost post-combustion CO2 capture technology to provide economically feasible solutions for both new power plants and retrofit of existing power plants which are responsible for the majority of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions (worldwide, approx. 5,000 power plants emit around 11 GtCO2/year). CESAR focuses on post-combustion as it is the only feasible technology for retrofit and current power plant technology. Moreover, analysis of the current R&D in Europe shows that there is yet no follow-up to the post-combustion work in the CASTOR project while R&D aimed at other types of carbon capture technologies have been accommodated for. The primary objective is to decrease the cost of capture down to 15 /tCO2. CESAR aims at breakthroughs via a combination of fundamental research on Advanced Separation Processes (WP1), Capture process modelling and integration (WP2) and Solvent process validation studies (WP3) with duration tests in the Esbjerg pilot plant. CESAR will build further on the successes and high potential ideas from the FP6 integrated project CASTOR. Moreover, the pilot built in this project will be used for CESAR. Prime Contractor: Nederlandse Centrale Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO; Delft; Nederland.
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