Das Projekt "Einfluss von Temperatur und Feuchte auf die Bestimmung von Partikelmassenkonzentrationen fuer Vergleichsmessungen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Duisburg, Fachbereich 9 Elektrotechnik, Fachgebiet Prozess- und Aerosolmesstechnik durchgeführt. The discussion about the particulate matter measurement is revived by the information that an increasing fine particle concentration in the atmosphere increases the mortality rate. The new PM (Particulate Matter) standards for the measurement of particles less than 10 my m, 2,5 my m or even less then 1 my m will be discussed in European countries. The development of standards towards smaller particle sizes increases the importance of eviting artifacts during sampling and conditioning. Atmospheric aerosols consist of a combination of different substances such as organic and for a considerable part, in view of the mass concentration, of inorganic particulate matter. The artifact characteristics depends for volatile and hygroscopic salt particles on temperature and bumidity. Ammonium nitrate and sulfate are representative in the study for theoretical and experimental modeling of volatilization characteristics during sampling and conditioning. Ammonium nitrate is of volatile nature while both of them are of hygroscopic nature. All standards up to now recommend to collect particles with a filter at the thermodynamic state of atmospheric aerosols, to condition it at a certain temperatureand relative humidity and to weight it off-line. In such a method the aerosol concentration is changed because of evaporation takingplace at the filter and further changes during conditioning. The latter ones can be avoided by using a quasi on-line measuring balance like the Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance-TEOM. Since the thermodynamic state of the aerosol may change during sampling the measured aerosol concentration can be different depending on the history of the thermodynamic state during sampling. We are investigating in how far heating the aerosol to temperatures above the highest possible ambient temperatures changes the mass concentration, whether there are possibilities to correct for this effect and how it affects the dependency of the collected particle mass of the thermodynamic state of the aerosol. Loading experiments and evaporation studies - are performed using a filter in a TEOM and using defined aerosols such as e.g. ammonium nitrate.
Das Projekt "EXPOLIS II: Elementaranalytische Untersuchung zu personenbezogener Feinpartikelaufnahme (PM 2,5) in Innen- und Aussenraeumen das EAS-Projekt" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Basel, Institut für Sozial- und Präventivmedizin durchgeführt. The project analyses the chemical elements on the PM2,5 particulate matters as collected on filters in the framework of the EXPOLIS study (Basel, Athens, Helsinki, Prag, Milano, Grenoble). In each city a random population sample of 50 subjects (Helsinki 250) participated in a personal exposure assessment over 48 hours. PM2,5 were collected on personal monitors, at home indoor, at home outdoor, at work indoor. The EAS study analyses the chemical elements on these filters to address specific differences of indoor and outdoor particulate matter with its respective relevance for personal exposure. Tracers of specific exposures will be used to improve the source apportionment of personal particulate exposure. Leading Questions: What is the chemical content in PM2,5 among adult urban populations in Europe? What personal and environmental key parameters affect the chemical element distribution in personal, indoor and outdoor PM2,5 filters? What is the difference in the content of source specific chemical elements in indoor and outdoor particulate matter?