Das Projekt "Tools for Sustainabiltity Impact Assessment of the Forestry- Wood Chain" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Department für Biologie, Zentrum Holzwirtschaft des Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei durchgeführt. The objective of EFORWOOD is to develop a quantitative decision support tool for Sustainability Impact Assessment of the European Forestry-Wood Chain (FWC) and subsets thereof (e.g. regional), covering forestry, industrial manufacturing, consumption and recycling. The objective will be achieved by:a) defining economic, environmental and social sustainability indicators ,b) developing a tool for Sustainability Impact Assessment by integrating a set of models ,c) supplying the tool with real data, aggregated as needed and appropriate,d) testing the tool in a stepwise procedure allowing adjustments to be made according to the experiences gained,e) applying the tool to assess the sustainability of the present European FWC (and subsets thereof) as well the impacts of potential major changes based on scenarios,f) making the adapted versions of the tool available to stakeholder groupings (industrial, political and others).The multi-functionality of the FWC is taken into account by using indicators to assess the sustainability of production processes and by including in the analysis the various products and services of the FWC. Wide stakeholder consultations will be used throughout the process to reach the objective. EFORWOOD will contribute to EU policies connected to the FWC, especially to the Sustainable Development Strategy. It will provide policy-makers, forest owners, the related industries and other stakeholders with a tool to strengthen the forest-based sector's contribution towards a more sustainable Europe, thereby also improving its competitiveness. To achieve this, EFORWOOD gathers a consortium of highest-class experts, including the most representative forest-based sector confederations.EFORWOOD addresses with a high degree of relevance the objectives set out in the 3rd call for proposals addressing Thematic Sub-priority 1.1.6.3 Global Change and Ecosystems, topic V.2.1. Forestry/wood chain for Sustainable Development. Prime Contractor: Stiftelsen Skogsbrukets Forskningsinstitut, Skogforsk; Uppsala; Sweden.
Das Projekt "Governing the Common Sea (GOVCOM)? Changing modes of governance in the Baltic Sea Region" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Greifswald, Institut für Politikwissenschaft, Lehrstuhl für Vergleichende Regierungslehre durchgeführt. The pattern of environmental governance is changing as national governments are under stress from new political agents. In addition to the traditional nation state centered policy-making system, including international cooperation, political power is also exercised on the trans-national and local levels of society. A simultaneous movement of political power is also exercised on the trans-national and local levels of government and downward to local communities. Sub national units such as local governments, civic organisations and even loosely constructed networks introduce their own environmental policies. Global sustainability problems are created by the interaction of all societal levels, and a new politics of sustainability involving local, national, regional as well as global efforts must be implemented to solve these problems. National governments have responsed to this situation by introducing programs promoting ecological modernisation as well as new policy instruments that involve communities and other actors. The Baltic Sea Region (BSR) is an area of special concern both from an environmental point-of-view as well as from a governance point-of-view. The sea itself is highly vulnerable to pollution. At the same time the region is an ideal setting for the research because it has introduced several new fora for sustainable decision making, while showing considerable strength in existing administrative and political structures. The main objectives for this project are: Module 1. to deepen understanding of the origins, development and operation of traditional environmental governance in the BSR
Das Projekt "G 1.1: Assessment of Innovations and Sustainable Strategies" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Landwirtschaftliche Betriebslehre durchgeführt. Farm households, whose living standard largely depend on the successful management of natural resources, have a low per capita income and are in danger of further impoverishment due to unsustainable resource management. Investigations in the first phase confirmed the hypothesis. A great number of farms were analyzed and clustered in representative types in both countries. Sustainability was measured using a sustainability index, which indicates tremendous environmental effects and variation between individual farms and ethnic groups.Sub-project G1.1 will follow three major tasks. The first is to evaluate sustainability strategies on the farm and farming system level, as it was done in the previous phase, but on the basis of a significantly extended data base. The second is to aggregate farm household data to the regional level. For this, a comparative-static approach is chosen. The third is to develop a multi-agent-based simulation model. Multi-agent simulation models (MAS) as well as GIS-tools are gaining increasing importance as tools for simulating future agriculture resource use, since they allow the integration of a wide range of different stakeholder's perceptions. It becomes possible to simulate the dynamic effects of changing land use patterns, environmental policy options, and technical innovation together with environmental constraints and structural change issues. The MAS approach is used to model heterogeneous farm-household and political decision makers perspectives by capturing their socio-economic, environmental, and spatial interactions explicitly. The integration of economic and spatial processes facilitates the consideration of feedback effects and the efficient use of scarce land resources. The simulation runs of the model will be carried out with a socio-economic and GIS data set, which is provided by the previous project phase in the attempt to generate effective ways of land use resource management. Land use efficiency is strongly influenced by the overall land allocation policy analyzed in project F1. Therefore, this is an important area further integrated research using MAS in combination with GIS as modeling tools.To achieve a continuous integration of results in the best possible way, a computer-based discussion/communication platform is developed. This serves as the conceptual basis for the development of the final multi-agent simulation model. Results of the discussion/communication platform and the agent-based simulation model will continuously be passed on to downstream sub-projects to be integrated into the ongoing research activities.
Das Projekt "Potentials and constraints of the link of agriculture and ecological sanitation" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Institut für Abwasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz B-2 durchgeführt. By 2020, the number of people living in developing countries will grow from 4.9 billion to 6.8 billion. Ninety percent of this increase will be in rapidly expanding cities and towns. More than half the population of Africa and Asia will live in urban areas by 2020. Growth in urban poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition and a shift in their concentration from rural to urban areas will accompany urbanization. Severe environmental degradation and hygienic problems caused by the lack of infrastructure are additional problems. The linking of urban and peri-urban agriculture and ecological sanitation could play an important role for the solution of the mentioned problems. Agriculture within city limits, socalled urban agriculture, became a survival strategy for many poor families in the last decades. These families would not be able to secure their nutrition without urban agriculture. This form of agriculture can be a vehicle to increase food security and health, to generate economic opportunities for people with low income, and to promote recycling of waste and waste water. The philosophy of ecosan is based on the consequent implementation of the closing the loops approach (Nutrient Cycling). Urine and faeces are regarded as resources rather than waste. If collected separately they could easily used as fertilizer respectively as soil conditioner. The objective of the research is to evaluate the potentials and constraints of the link of urban and peri-urban agriculture and ecological sanitation, in short UPA-Ecosan-Concept. The UPA-Ecosan-Concept enables sustainable resource management, prevention of environmental degradation through urban agriculture, an increase in soil fertility and therefore higher yields. The challenge is to prove this theoretical statement scientifically. It has to be evaluated, if an UPA-Ecosan concept fulfils the requirements of a system, which is safe, easy to maintain, and transferable to local conditions. However, such a system has to be as effective as possible with respect to nutrient recycling, sanitation and public health. A vital part of the studies will be the investigation of the safe reuse of faeces and urine and the social acceptability of re-circulation of human-derived nutrients. The results should lead to a catalogue of appropriate methods and technologies on which a sustainable UPA-Ecosan concept can be based. Such a catalogue is imperative for the development of clear political guidelines, which should allow an effective integration of urban and peri-urban agriculture and ecological sanitation in existing urban economies. As a final result, the catalogue should address the challenge of rapid urbanisation and corresponding growth of food insecurity and sanitation deficits of the urban poor.
Das Projekt "Süd-Nord-Dialog - Gerechtigkeit im Treibhaus" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie gGmbH durchgeführt. Das Inkrafttreten des Kyoto-Protokolls am 16. Februar 2005 markiert einen Wendepunkt für die internationale Klimapolitik. Erstmals haben die Industriestaaten verbindliche Pflichten zur Begrenzung ihrer Treibhausgasemissionen übernommen. Gleichwohl bleiben die zukünftigen Herausforderungen enorm. Zieht man die Notwendigkeit gesteigerter Emissionseinsparungen zur Vermeidung 'gefährlichen' Klimawandels einerseits und die erforderliche Unterstützung der durch den Klimawandel am verwundbarsten Regionen andererseits in Betracht, werden die Entwicklungsländer im Rahmen der Post-2012 Verhandlungen eine Schlüsselrolle übernehmen. Das zähe Ringen der letzten Jahre um die Zukunft internationalen Klimaschutzes macht den Bedarf für eine sorgfältige Vorbereitung der Verhandlungen um ein Post-2012 Abkommen unter Einbeziehung aller relevanten Akteure offenkundig. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben das Wuppertal Institut und das Energy Research Center (Südafrika) einen Dialog zwischen 14 Wissenschaftlern aus allen Weltregionen, vornehmlich aus Entwicklungsländern, initiiert, um über mögliche Eckpfeiler eines zukünftigen Klimaregimes zu diskutieren. Ziel dieses 'Süd-Nord Dialog - Gerechtigkeit im Treibhaus' war es, einen offenen Austausch über unterschiedliche Sichtweisen und Positionen in einer vertrauensvollen Atmosphäre zu ermöglichen. Ergebnis dieses Dialogs ist der gemeinsame Vorschlag 'Towards an adequate and equitable global climate agreement', der einen Rahmen für die Ausgestaltung eines zukünftigen Klimaabkommens aufzeigt sowie Erfordernisse für den politischen Prozess darlegt. Dieses Paket von Politikempfehlungen umfasst ein Modell für die faire Aufteilung von Klimaschutzpflichten, das eine starke Reduzierung der Emissionen im Norden aber auch Minderungspflichten unterschiedlicher Art für Entwicklungsländer vorsieht. Der Vorschlag beinhaltet darüber hinaus Empfehlungen für die Ausgestaltung einer Politik zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel, da zukünftige Vereinbarungen, wollen sie als fair wahrgenommen werden, Mechanismen für die Unterstützung der am meisten durch den Klimawandel verwundbaren Regionen enthalten müssen. Schließlich wird eine Vorreiterstrategie für den politischen Prozess aufgezeigt, um ein derartiges Klimaschutzabkommen auf internationaler Ebene voranzutreiben. In einer zweiten Projektphase ist der Dialog auf die politische Ebene ausgeweitet worden. Dazu werden in Asien, Afrika und Lateinamerika Workshops mit Klima-Verhandlern aus der jeweiligen Region ausgerichtet. Ziel ist es, zum einen die Kernelemente des Vorschlags zu diskutieren, zum anderen gegenseitiges Verstehen und Vertrauen unter den Klima-Verhandlern zu fördern, um auf diese Weise die Post-2012 Verhandlungen zu erleichtern. Zwei regionale Workshops haben bislang in Dar-es-Salaam (Tansania, Oktober 2004) und in Jakarta (Indonesien, Mai 2005) stattgefunden. Die regionalen Workshops werden durch einen lateinamerikanischen Workshop in Mexiko City im Februar 2006 komplettiert.
Das Projekt "ORKESTRA - Lean Gas Destruction from SWDS and JI Methodology" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von GFA Envest GmbH durchgeführt. It is aimed to convert methane emissions from closed landfills to less harmful carbon dioxide emissions through in-site aeration and the thermal treatment of the outgoing lean gas therewith contributing to mitigating climate change induced by landfill emissions. Landfill emissions are a major source of global greenhouse gas emissions. The oxidation of methane emissions to carbon dioxide emissions could be registered as JI-project under the Kyoto-Protocol and be awarded marketable emission reduction units (ERUs). Through this income source the activity could become economically attractive. In order to be eligible as JI-project the JI-status has to be sought officially according to UNFCCC regulations. This shall be done in the framework of the so-called programmatic CDM approach allowing for summarising an infinite number of single project sites. The services included: 'Baseline Study for JI-projects with the development of a PDD; Proposition of a 'New baseline and monitoring methodology under JI for the aeration and thermal treatment of lean gas from landfills; Development as 'Programme of Activities' under JI; Development of a metering programme; Implementation and assistance of the operation of a plant at selected landfills; Support the registration at the German JI Focal Point; Support the determination as precondition for requesting registration as JI-activity; Publicity: presentation of the project concept to interested parties in Germany and seeking political support; Integration into the existing emission trading system in Europe;
Das Projekt "SuMaRio: Nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung von Flussoasen entlang des Tarim Flusses in China - AP 1.2.2 Szenariomanagement (Ökonomie & Ökologie) - AP 5.1.1 Wasserpreisgestaltung - AP 5.1.2 Sozioökonomische Analyse landwirtschaftlicher Produktionssysteme" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Landwirtschaftliche Betriebslehre, Fachgebiet Agrarinformatik und Unternehmensführung (410c) durchgeführt. We, the Institute of Farm Management (410c) are responsible for three work packages within SuMaRiO. Our work focuses on analysis and assessment of current and innovative agricultural production systems along the Tarim River at farm and regional levels with special regard to water consumption. To support a sustainable development in the region it is necessary to balance the allocation of water for human consumption and for the maintenance of natural ecosystems. The majority of the population in the Tarim River region still depends on agriculture as their main source of income. To maintain societal harmony and promote human wellbeing a steady increase of incomes of rural households is indispensable. Environmental protection is still not that prominent on the political agenda. To assess the impact of certain policy measures that aim at reducing agricultural water consumption on farm management (and farmers income), the application of farm optimization models is a powerful tool. In that respect the introduction (increase) of water prices on agricultural water usage and farm management practices are tested. Furthermore we are involved in the elaboration of frame-scenarios that build the general research reference for all subprojects of the overall project.
Das Projekt "Teilvorhaben: Technologie und Stadt" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Politikwissenschaft durchgeführt. Das interdisziplinäre Forschungszentrum untersucht historische und gegenwärtige Transformationen politischer Gewalt mit Fokus auf drei Themen: (1) den Formenwandel politischer Gewalt, (2) Veränderungen ihrer institutionellen Einhegung und (3) den Wandel ihrer Deutungen. Weitere Arbeitsbereiche widmen sich methodischen und theoretischen Synergien, dem Wissenstransfer und der Koordination des regionalen Vorhabens. Übergreifendes Ziel ist es, die Konsequenzen des Wandels politischer Gewalt für den innergesellschaftlichen und internationalen Frieden zu identifizieren und Strategien zur Eindämmung politischer Gewalt unter den sich verändernden Bedingungen zu entwickeln. Die beteiligten Partnerinstitutionen intensivieren mit dem Vorhaben ihre bestehende Zusammenarbeit und bündeln die breite Expertise in der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung in Hessen. Mit Fokus auf politische Gewalt wird die an den Standorten vorhandene qualitative und quantitative methodische Expertise ausgebaut. Mit 'Transformations of Political Violence' schaffen sie ein regionales Kompetenzzentrum für Forschung, Lehre und Wissenstransfer, das international sichtbar ist und systematisch zur Einhegung und Prävention politischer Gewalt beiträgt. Das Teilvorhaben der TU Darmstadt ist für die Koordination der AP 1.2. sowie AP 3.3. zuständig und organisiert eine Jahreskonferenz, zwei Workshops sowie eine Ringvorlesung. Zudem beteiligen sich die PIs und Mitarbeiter*innen der TU Darmstadt an den Transferveranstaltungen und den weiteren inhaltlichen Workshops, Jahreskonferenzen etc. Inhaltlich fokussiert das Team der TU Darmstadt auf neue Formen der Gewalt, welche durch technologischen Wandel - insbesondere im Kontext von Umweltkonflikten - hervorgerufen werden. Darüber hinaus analysiert das Team den Wandel städtischer Gewalt- und Protestpraktiken sowie die Formen der Einhegung, Tradierung und Interpretation/ Erinnerung.
Das Projekt "Study about the potential of straw for energy generation in Ukraine" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von GFA Envest GmbH durchgeführt. Since January 2009 the German Agency for Renewable resources (FNR) is implementing a cooperation project with Ukraine and Russia with the aim to improve the use of renewable resources for energy generation in these two countries. Ukraine possesses a significant potential for renewable resource, especially in the agricultural sector where the agricultural waste such as straw with high energetic value is not used. The study has the aim to estimate the potential for the use of straw for energy generation in Ukraine. Furthermore, technical and economical aspects for applying different technologies for energy generation from straw are compared. The financial feasibility of different technologies is compared taking into account the possibilities of investments co-financing via the sale of emission reductions (via JI or GIS mechanisms). The goal of the study is to evaluate and rank technical alternatives for the energy generation from straw in Ukraine and provide recommendations for further development of renewable energy generation in agricultural sector in Ukraine. The study is divided into four sections: Assessment of the general conditions for the use of straw as energy generation in Ukraine: Analysis of the energy sector in Ukraine; Generation potential in Ukraine regarding quantity and transportability etc.; Analysis of the legal and political framework. Evaluation of the technical possibilities: Pyrolysis of straw for energy; Combustion or co-firing; Biogas generation; Pellets production and combustion in small units. Analysis of the economical feasibility: Economic feasibility of the technical solutions; Possibilities for co-financing via emission reduction mechanisms (JI or GIS). Identification and short description of potential project scenarios.
Das Projekt "Identification of nature, steering factors and indicators of soil degradation for the forest steppe zone of Bashkortostan" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Geowissenschaften und Geographie, Arbeitsgruppe Geoökologie durchgeführt. Within the project 'Causes and effects of natural and man-made soil degradation in Bashkortostan - basic investigations for sustainable agricultural management strategies in semiarid regions (project manager Prof. Dr. M. Frühauf , Institute of Geosciences, workgroup Geoecology, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg), different tasks and theses should be developed for PhD- qualification. Main topics are the development and evaluation of indicators of soil degradation in the forest steppe zone of Bashkortostan. In this process measurements for quantification of soil degradation and soil water balance under different land use will take place. Natural soils of the forest steppe zone of Bashkortostan will act as reference. Furthermore relationships between climate parameters, soil properties, soil water budgets/ dynamics and yield development will be investigated. Developing of a GIS structure gather the main causal connections between land use, soil degradation patterns and soil erosion. In addition spatial and temporal analyses of yield development and soil quality will describe. It is note one of the most important tasks will be the regionalization from farm scale to the rayon level as step towards the regionalization of the whole forest steppe zone. These activities should be a contribution to development of regionally adapted strategies for soil protection and sustainable land use.
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