Das Projekt "Analysis of Pm3 resistance gene function in transgenic wheat" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Zürich, Institut für Pflanzenbiologie durchgeführt. Can wheat be genetically engineered to become durably resistant to mildew? Individual resistance genes to mildew protect wheat plants against some, but not all, variants of this pathogen. A series of field trials will be carried out to test various means of genetically engineering wheat to enhance its resistance. The combination of several genes will play a central role in this project. Background Wheat has various genes that are responsible for resistance to mildew. One of these genes has seven variants, known as alleles. Individually, these alleles make wheat resistant to some, but not all, variants of the mildew fungus. There are in fact varieties of conventional wheat that have a certain degree of resistance to mildew. However, this resistance is often lost within a short time-frame. To overcome this shortcoming, genetic engineering will be used to combine the alleles. Field trials are the only way to find out whether long-term resistance can be achieved by this means. Objectives Various transgenic wheat lines will undergo comprehensive testing in a field trial (cf. Keller project I). The aim is first to establish whether the individual lines do indeed have better resistance to mildew. The second aim is to investigate how the additional gene affects the performance of the plant - in terms of yield, for example. The project also aims to analyse the effect of the environment on the plants' resistance properties. Methods Transgenic wheat lines - each containing one of the seven resistance alleles - will be developed and tested over three years for properties including seed maturation, yield and resistance following artificial and natural infection with mildew. Some of these lines will also be cultivated as a seed mixture. At the same time, wheat lines will be produced which combine the different alleles in the same plant. Both trials will test whether and to what extent mildew develops less frequently. Significance This is the first time that a field trial of this size will be carried out with transgenic plants in Switzerland. The project will not only elicit a major response from the general public, it will also provide new facts about the possible benefits of genetically modified plants.
Das Projekt "Development of Tools for Positioning Fungicide Treatments to Control Eyespot and Powdery Mildew of Winter Wheat, and White Mould and Black Leg (Phoma lingam) of Oilseed Rape^Developpement d'aides a la decision de l'intervention fongide contre le pietin-verse et l'oidium du ble d'automne, la sclerotiniose et la chancre du collet (Phoma lingam) du colza (FRA)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Station federale de recherches en production vegetale de Changins durchgeführt. Developper des systemes de prevision du risque de maladie utilisable au moment du traitement. Pietin-verse du ble: prevision au stade BBCH 31. Oidium du ble: definir le seuil de maladie conduisant a un risque grave et le moment du traitement, en tenant compte de la variete et de la region (climat). Sclerotiniose du colza: prevision aux stades BBCH 61-65. Phoma du colza: prevision en automne, eventuellement a la fin de l'hiver. Completer le projet FAL 'Methodes et strategies durables de lutte contre les parasites et ravageurs'. (FRA)
Das Projekt "Epidemiologie, Resistance Factors and Forecasting of Downy and Powdery Mildews of Grapevine - Study of Emerging Fungal Diseases and Fungicide Registration in viticulture^Epidemiologie du mildiou et de l'oidium, facteurs de resistances de la vigne, modelisation - Suivi des maladies emergenetes et homogation des fongicides en viticulture (FRA)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Station federale de recherches en production vegetale de Changins durchgeführt. 1. Infection primaire; suivi de la germination des oospores, modele biologique, importance de la forme sexuee. 2. Teneur en composes constitutifs (phenols, tannins) et capacite de cepages hybrides et de V. vinifera a synthetiser des composes induits en relation a la resistance au mildiou et/ou a l'oidium. 3. Diagnostics depassant les competences des OPC; detection, mesures d'urgence contre de nouvelles maladies; appui mycologique a l'Inspectorat phytosanitaire federal et aux Services de vulgarisation; collaboration avec la FAW pour l'homologation des fongicides (efficacite biologique, essais eventuels). (FRA)