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Objective: Aim of the project was to demonstrate the marketability of our 'Do-it-yourself-solar-house'. By this, the gap between our developments and their application should be closed. The specific innovation of the project is, that our Do-it-yourself-conception bases on a construction manual for building (solar) houses which is very detailed but nevertheless also understandable for non-professionals. In addition, we can and do supply full technical support to the client, e.g. concerning safety standards etc., because all construction sites are located near. The market studies which have been carried out, show that in the FRG the market share of Do-it-yourself-houses (one-and-two-family-houses) is about 51,9 per cent. For the first time, our project will introduce to his large market the possibility of building a solar house by a Do-it-yourself technique. General Information: The purpose of this project was to close the gap between the developments of the do-it-yourself-solar houses we (Solar Module) have carried out so far and their application and establishment on the market. Before carrying out the necessary data for the assessment of technical and commercial feasibility of this plan. Compared to conventional buildings this do-it-yourself concept will save costs and, therefore, this concept will contribute to establish (on larger scale) the environment protecting passive solar energy on the market. By the application of passive technology, five detached family houses are heated by solar energy. Conventional energy will be replaced and resources of raw materials will be saved. The houses were built in normal sizes. All five houses are equipped with a conventional heating system (gas). The floor area of the solar houses is about 12 m2. Three of five solar houses are facing South, two facing West. The provided locations for these buildings are two different districts in the region of Lüneburg. Achievements: The clients decided in favour of a do-it-yourself detached family house mainly for financial reasons. They all belong to the financially weak. For them building a do-it-yourself solar house meant increasing the value of their home and possibly saving energy. The solar houses are used mostly as an extension of the living room. In all cases the warm air of the solar house was used for heating the living-room. The solar houses facing South had some problems with overheating during summer time. Some occupants regret that their solar house is too small. Three of five occupants think that the solar house needs too much attention e.g. cleaning the glass. Thermal reaction of the building on cloudy winter days: an effect of diffuse sunlight can be observed in the houses with Solar Modules facing South. Otherwise, there is no influence on the room-temperature. Thermal reaction of the building on sunny winter days: greatest influence of solar radiation is to be seen in the Solar Module facing South e.g. it made the temperature of the Solar Module...
Objective: Electricity production by gasification of 6350 tonnes per year of fuel wood from forestry waste, communal wood waste and energy plantations in a three stage gas generator in the district of Rottweil. 100 ha of short rotation forestry (poplar and other species) will be planted in a first step. The power output amounts to 990 kWe and additional use of waste heat and gas for heating purpose is foreseen. The production amounts to 7,130,000 kWh. A particular attention will be given to the fuel wood logistics and notably to a 3 months capacity fuel wood storage. The payback time is estimated at 15 years. General Information: The 600 m3 silos, gasifier modules, cogeneration and control room are installed underground. This minimizes noise and also enables the trucks to drive over the silos for direct unloading. The woodchips are dried to approx. 25 per cent moisture content in a vertical rotating conical dryer by means of the available heat from the gas plant. The pre-dried woodchips enter the 3 stage EASIMOD 3500 kWh gasifier. The first stage is an underfeed co-current primary reactor producing primary gas with flying charcoal at about 650 deg. C. Gas is then reformed at approx. 900 deg. C in a separate Venturi burner with secondary air inlet and charcoal/activated carbon extraction. Tars and phenols are cracked. The third step is a separate glowing coke reactor which acts as a safety for tars and phenols cracking and as a gas heating value booster. Gas cleaning consists of dry dedusting in multicyclones, followed by a two-step scrubbing (impingement scrubber plus packed scrubber). The gas is cooled down to approx. 20 deg. C and the heat obtained is then used for predrying the fuel in the woodchips dryer. Ammonia washed out in the scrubbing water is stripped in a packed bed stripper. A waste water treatment plant is foreseen. The dryer, gasifier and gas scrubber are conceived as separate frame-mounted modules. The whole plant runs automatically. The electricity produced will be fed into the medium 20 KV voltage municipal grid. The heat recovered simultaneously will be used in a following step for the heating of a nearby village.
Objective: In a deregulated EU rail market monitoring of the vehicle and infrastructure interface is mandatory for enhanced availability of operation reducing costs. Especially when a rolling stock is crossing boundaries between independent infrastructure grids, cond ition monitoring becomes crucial. A monitoring tool on OCLs overhead contact lines - for infrastructure managers is needed for an separate measurement of contact force and surface condition of the vehicle current strip. The rolling stock operator needs a complementary device to measure not only the vertical contact force, but moreover the friction force, in order to analyse the vehicle and OCL interface condition. In SMITS a monitoring system for contact force on the interface current collector lt;- gt; c ontact wire has been developed. A sensor technology has been started to explore showing the potential for an extended range of rail monitoring tools. An innovative coherent sensor technology approach shall be investigated and two independent monitoring too ls for vehicle and infrastructure be developed. These shall be validated at new rail tracks specified for TSI interoperable cross boundary transportation: the Ltschberg Basis Tunnel, CH and the HSL Zuid high speed line, NL, both ready for operation in 2007 . Demonstration tests in operation will be performed along the Korridor X infrastructure passing through different countries rail networks. The outcome of the project will enable managers to specify driving conditions for the usage of their infrastructure to avoid excessive wear improving availability. Complementary rolling stock operators can monitor OCL condition giving them an informative argument in case of damage. Condition-dependent user fees as well as threat of penalty will force vehicle and infrast ructure managers to maintain the vehicle and infrastructure interface on a superior level of availability. The operational costs will be reduced and availability of transportation capacity enhanced.
The main objective of the project is to investigate, assess and enhance the potentiality of promising technological options (i.e., technologies, processes and concepts) for the treatment of industrial wastewater with the specific aim to provide tailor-mad e solutions to end-users for a wide range of wastewaters. Such solutions will be essentially based on the optimised integration of the investigated options and on technological improvements with respect to treatment system components, operation and control. Referring to the investigated options and the envisaged technological solutions, the project's goals are: -Investigating and enhancing the performances of promising wastewater treatment options such as aerobic granulation, integrated advanced oxidation processes (AOP) and membrane-based hybrid processes -Achieving fundamental and technological knowledge advancements necessary for advanced wastewater treatment application in different industrial sectors -Assessing the economic and environmental sustainability of promising wastewater treatment options -Developing integrated tailor-made solutions for end-users in different industrial sectors -Transferring the developed know-how to potential end-users inside and outside the project -Favouring their actual implementation for enhancing the EU Water Industry competitiveness. In order to achieve such goals, coordinated research activities will be carried out on selected options treating different wastewater. The experiences from such activities will be merged to define tailor-made solutions for end-users in different industrial sectors. A major goal will be the definition of treatment needs and framework conditions for a wide range of wastewaters based on the specific features of the options investigate d (i.e., aerobic granulation, AOP combined processes, membrane contactors, membrane chemical reactors). Prime Contractor: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Department of Bari, Water Research Institute, Roma, Italien.
Entwicklung, Umsetzung und Evaluierung von Instrumenten für die Analyse von Landschaft und natürlicher Ressourcen im Kontext der Landnutzungspolitik.
Project main goals: The main purpose of this project is to develop an innovative 400 kWth solar reformer for several applications such as Hydrogen production or electricity generation. Depending of the feed source for the reforming process CO2 emissions can be reduced significantly (up to 40 percent using NG), because the needed process heat for this highly endothermic reaction is provided by concentrated solar energy. A pre-design of a 1 MW prototype plant in Southern Italy and a conceptual layout of a commercial 50 MWth reforming plant complete this project. Key issues: The profitability decides if a new technology has a chance to come into the market. Therefore several modifications and improvements to the state-of-the-art solar reformer technology will be introduced before large scale and commercial system can be developed. These changes are primarily to the catalytic system, the reactor optimisation and operation procedures and the associated optics for concentrating the solar radiation. For the dissemination of solar reforming technology the regions targeted are in Southern Europe and Northern Africa. The potential markets and the impact of infrastructure and administrative restrictions will be assessed. The environmental, socio-economic and institutional impacts of solar reforming technology exploitation will be assessed with respect to sustainable development. The market potential of solar reforming technology in a liberalised European energy market will be evaluated. Detailed cost estimates for a 50 MWth commercial plant will be determined.
Objective: To demonstrate, that small scale PV powered water desalination plants can be constructed in a compact and cost efficient way. This type of plant is urgently needed in Southern Europe and Developing Countries. Intensive publicity is intended and good commercialisation is expected (100 systems potential market in Spain only). General Information: On the site of the ALMERIA university, brackish water is pumped from a well of 60m. Drinking water (about 8000 cbm per year) obtained by a reverse osmosis plant is stored for consumption. A 23.5 kWp PV generator supplies the required energy. Number of subsystems: 1 Power of subsystems: 23.5 kWp Total power: 23.5 kWp Module description: 612 AEG type PQ 10/20/01;(Typ I) + 306 AEG type PQ 10/40/01;(T.II) (I): 20 10x10cm poly crist. cells, 6 V,16.5 W (II): 40 10x10cm poly crist. cells, 12 V,38.4 W Very high resistance glass; UV stabilized PVB; 6.7 kg; 0.25 or 0.5 sqm. Connections: type 20: 36 series, 17 parall.: type 40: 18 series, 17 parall. Support: on racks Max. power tracker: included in inverter Charge controller: charge/discharge regulator: special design, microprocessor controlled. Battery: Spanish TUDOR, 110 cells Battery Volt.: 220 V; Battery capacity: 2240 Ah.(at 100 h). (1650 Ah (10h); type C 10 Battery capacity: 493 kWh.(at 100 h). Inverter: (for well water pump only): AEG, Solarverter, type SV3 sinusoidal, transistor-pulse type, 3 kHz. Input nominal: 130 to 300 V DC in; max 16 A Dc; Output nominal: 3.3 kVA; 13 to 127 V out; 3 phases; to 50/60 Hz. Load description: PLEUGER submersible pump NE612 for raw water pumping. (three phase, AC motor, hence inverter necessary). 4.2 cbm/h, header 30 m. Rated power 2.2 kW. ROCHEM (Hamburg) reverse osmosis, type RORO 1535-B 709165; presses raw water through membrane. Input: 92 cbm/day at 7000 ppm; Output: 60 cbm/day at smaller than 500 ppm. New type of PLATE MODULE system, with turbulent flow on the feed water side and hence less membrane scaling and fouling which leads to less maintenance. The pressure pump of the RO system works with 220 V DC motor, 6750 W, avoiding inverters. Monitoring: Weather station; Reading every 10 seconds six relevant plant data, averaging over ten minutes, storing on floppy. (DAM 800 data acquisition system by TELEFUNKEN). Stored data: (1) Insolation, array plane. (2) amb. temp. (3) module temp. (4) array output energy. (5) energy to and from battery. (6) inverter dc energy. Achievements: While the pv generator and the batteries worked without problem the water pumps, the reverse osmosis plant, the inverter and the monitoring system had several, partly major, failures. The Final Report on System Monitoring (5 June 95) analyses 32 month of operation and puts in evidence: the system is well designed for its task; however the frequent failures of some components decrease its effective utilisation. The plant will continue to operate after the end of the project with some improvements (new pumps, new membranes, etc.)...
In order to reduce the costs for active solar collectors, a new collector type is proposed, that consists of elastomer fluid tubes clipped in into appropriately shaped metal form sheet elements for the application in metal roofs and facades. This collector, based on the elastomer- metal- absorber concept (EMA), shows inherent freeze resistance while operated with pure water and opens up new simplified installation techniques. The collector, which is completely building integrated, may be designed as uncovered absorber, delivering low temperature heat, or as covered solar collector for a heat production up to 80 Celsius. The aim of the project is to develop and investigate different roof integrated EMA-collectors in order to make this new type of collector available for a wide range of new applications. The aspects of low collector costs, high performance and long-term reliability are the most important boundary conditions. Technical Approach: The main R and D tasks within this project, which is a cooperation between industrial partners and research institutions, are: - improvement of the elastomer material with special regard to heat conductivity, mechanical strength and durability; - production and qualification of appropriate elastomer tubes - development of absorber form plate constructions of aluminium and steel with focus on production and installation parameters, thermal performance and reliability; - construction and assessment of different test collectors (2 m), determination of thermal performance characteristics, quality properties and long-term reliability; - construction of collector loops for different solar system types, assessment of collectors in different test systems (20 m), comparison and extrapolation using computer simulations. Expected Achievements: The major advantages of the proposed collector concept are: - estimated cost reduction for EMA- solar collectors of about 60 per cent, using the metal form plate function as absorber (its original function as building envelope is not affected); - drastic drop in energy pay-back-time, improved recycling properties - solar market expansion by the engagement of metal fabrication and installing companies and new solar applications in metal facades resp. roofs - acceptance increase by complete building integration with improved architectural design; - a clear decrease of CO2 - emissions and a positive influence on the regional labour market. At the end of this project, the following items should be available - technical solutions for appropriate and proved elastomer tubes and metal form plates: - different collector and system constructions; - installation and security relevant solutions. The facade and roof integrated solar collectors on the basis of the EMA-principle may then be used in different demonstration projects, as first step for the market introduction.
The purpose of SuperGreen is to promote the development of European freight logistics in an environmentally friendly manner. Environmental factors play an increasing role in all transport modes, and holistic approaches are needed to identify win-win solutions. SuperGreen will evaluate a series of green corridors covering some representative regions and main transport routes throughout Europe. The selected corridors will be benchmarked based on parameters and key performance indicators covering all aspects related to transport operations and infrastructure. Environmental issues and emissions, external-, infrastructure- and internal costs will be covered to get an overall and realistic picture. Based on this benchmarking, areas and candidates for improvement will be identified (i.e. bottlenecks). The next step will be to evaluate how green technologies may support improving the identified bottlenecks. Among the green technologies considered may be novel propulsion systems, alternative fuels, cargo handling technologies, new terminal technologies or novel concepts relevant for the multimodal green corridors. The benchmarking issue is an iterative process. Next, a similar process needs to be accomplished taking into consideration smarter utilisation of available information in the multimodal chain (ICT-flows). An analysis will be made on how this information can be utilised to achieve greener logistics along the green corridors (e.g. e-freight, Supply Chain Management (SCM), smarter planning, scheduling and tracking & tracing). Based on these iterative benchmarks and evaluations, new R&D within specific topics may be needed to improve the identified bottlenecks. Recommendations for future calls for R&D proposals will be made. Last but not least, the project will review and assess the implications of alternative policy measures for green corridors, both at the local and the European level. Prime Contractor: National Technical University of Athens; Zografou; Hellas.
Objective: The project focuses on the demonstration of an innovative and sustainable CHP concept using residues from olive oil production (olive wastes) as fuel. A first plant based on the new concept will be realised in Greece. The main objective of the project is to demonstrate a closed cycle concept able to reduce landfill problems and emissions and to promote the use of renewable electricity production in Southern Europe. The project will be based on an approach integrating the whole chain (fuel logistics and preparation, energy production, by-product utilisation). An optimised fuel logistic concept will guarantee for a secured fuel supply over the whole year. The fuel will not only be dewatered and dried but also a marketable by-product will be produced. By this means a better fuel quality can be achieved and solid wastes as well as waste- water can be omitted. The development and design of the combustion unit focuses on a technology tailored to the special characteristics of the olive waste.
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