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Stabile Isotopenanalyse der Nahrung von Elateridenlarven

Die Nahrungswahl von Drahtwürmern (Coleoptera: Elateridae) im Agrarland und ihre Beeinflussung durch Umweltfaktoren analysiert mittels Stabiler Isotope. Als Drahtwürmer werden die Larven der Schnellkäfer (Coleoptera: Elateridae) bezeichnet, welche häufig in Agrarböden anzutreffen sind. Die meisten Drahtwurmarten sind polyphag und fressen neben Wurzeln auch abgestorbenes Pflanzenmaterial. Bestimmte Arten treten jedoch weltweit als bedeutende Schädlinge an verschiedensten Kulturpflanzen auf. Es wird angenommen, dass bestimmte Bodenparameter (z.B. Humusgehalt, Feuchte) und die Fruchtfolge die Nahrungswahl der Drahtwürmer entscheidend beeinflussen. Im Freiland konnten diese Beziehungen bis heute jedoch nicht nachgewiesen werden. Ein besseres Verständnis der Wechselwirkung zwischen diesen Faktoren und der Nahrungswahl der Drahtwürmer würde aber die Einschätzung der tatsächlichen Rolle bestimmter Drahtwurmarten erheblich erleichtern und eine Basis für die Vorhersage und Kontrolle von Drahtwurmschäden darstellen. Im vorliegenden Projekt wird erstmals die Stabile-Isotopen-Methode angewandt, um die Nahrungswahl von Elateridenlarven zu untersuchen. Dabei geben die unter Freilandbedingungen gewonnenen Isotopendaten der Drahtwürmer darüber Auskunft, von welchen Nahrungssubstraten sich diese Tiere ernähren. Zusätzliche Laborexperimente ergänzen die Befunde aus dem Freiland und helfen bei ihrer Interpretation. Um allgemeine Aussagen über die Nahrungswahl von Drahtwürmern in Mitteleuropa zu erhalten, werden verschiedenste Standorte in Österreich und Deutschland beprobt. Weiters wird das Nahrungswahlverhalten mit bestimmten Bodenparametern in Beziehung gesetzt, um zu analysieren, wie diese Parameter die Nahrungswahl der Drahtwürmer und ihr Schadpotential beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse dieses Projektes stellen damit eine Basis für alle weiteren Schritte zur Entwicklung von Regulationsmaßnahmen bei Drahtwürmern dar.

Geochemistry of surface water of Wismar Bay (Germany), southern Baltic Sea

This investigation was carried out in order to evaluate diagenetic element fluxes and different fresh water sources, including submarine groundwater discharge, on the water column of the Wismar Bay (Germany), southern Baltic Sea. Surface and bottom water samples were collected on board of the RV Littorina (L19-06) and a rubber boat by using a submersible pump in May 2019. The water was pumped through a filter cartridge (1 µM pore size) into barrels. Water samples from the barrels were pumped through manganese-coated acrylic fibers to extract radium (Ra) isotopes (223Ra, 224Ra). The Ra isotopes were measured within 3 and 10 days using radium-delayed coincidence counters (RaDeCC). Subsamples were taken via syringe and filtered (0.45 µM, cellulose acetate disposable filters) for analysis of dissolved concentrations of major and trace elements and selected nutrients using ICP-OES (iCAP, 7400, Duo Thermo Fischer Scientific), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and δ13CDIC using isotope gas mass spectrometry (MAT 253 coupled to a Gasbench II), and δ18OH2O, δ2HH2O using a CRDS system (laser cavity-ring-down-spectroscopy, PICARRO L2140- I).

Runoff and stable isotope data of the Wüstebach catchment

CO2 degassing from karstic springs in Southern Germany

This study examines characteristics of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and partial pressures of CO2 characteristics (pCO2) in the source springs and headwaters of four karstic watersheds, via dissolved inorganic carbon concentration and stable carbon isotope measurements. All four spring sources are located in Southern Germany and were measured for water chemistry and stable isotopes with nearby headwater stream points, which were located up to 100 m downstream of the discharge points. Seasonal sampling covered winter, spring, summer, and autumn in 2018.

Geochemistry investigation of surface beach springs in Meschendorf (Germany), southern Baltic Sea

The aim of this investigation is to characterize the composition of typical fresh groundwater at the shoreline of the Baltic Sea. The fresh waters escaping from beach springs in Meschendorf (Germany), at the southern Baltic Sea, were analyzed for major and trace elements and selected nutrients using ICP-OES (iCAP, 7400, Duo Thermo Fischer Scientific), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and δ13CDIC using a Gas mass spectrometre (MAT 253) coupled to a Gasbench II, and δ18OH2O, δ2HH2O using a CRDS system (laser cavity-ring-down-spectroscopy, Picarro L2140- I).

TOC, TIC, TN and TS contents and stable isotope signatures (δ13C of TOC, δ15N, δ34S) of fine-grained saltmarsh deposits of the barrier island Spiekeroog at the southern North Sea Coast

The dataset compiles total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total nitrogen (TN) and total sulfur (TS) contents and stable isotope signatures (δ13C of TOC, δ15N, δ34S) of fine-grained deposits (clay, loam) over sandy subsoils of the saltmarsh of the barrier island Spiekeroog at the southern North Sea coast. Sampling was performed in September 2016 along three transects spanning from the high saltmarsh to the pioneer zone. At each sample point, soil samples were taken from the first 5 cm of the upper part (top samples) and from the deepest 5 cm of the lower part (bottom samples) of the fine-grained deposit. If the fine-grained deposit layer had a thickness < 10 cm, only one bulk soil sample (single samples) was taken for the depth range equal to the deposit thickness. Samples were ground to fine powder. TIC was measured on oven-dried samples coulometrically with an Analytik Jena multi EA 4000 analyzer. The total carbon (TC), TN, and TS were analyzed using a Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink Elemental Analyzer. The TOC contents were calculated as the difference between TC and TIC. TOC, TN, and TS contents are reported based on the original dry mass. For isotope analysis, dried and homogenized samples were weighed in tin cups and combusted in a Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink Elemental Analyzer, connected to a Thermo Finnigan MAT 253 gas mass spectrometer via a Thermo Conflo IV split interface. The δ13C values of TOC were measured after decalcification of the ground powders with p. a. grade HCl. The TN and δ34S analysis were carried out on a separate aliquot of sample powder. The isotope results are given in the conventional δ-notation.

Water salinity and oxygen isotopes from cruise Maria S. Merian MSM50

Deoxygenation affects many continental shelf seas across the world today and results in increasing areas of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen concentration ([O2]) <1.4 ml/L). The Baltic Sea is increasingly affected by deoxygenation. Deoxygenation correlates with other environmental variables such as changing water temperature and salinity and is directly linked to ongoing global climate change. To place the ongoing environmental changes into a larger context and to further understand the complex Baltic Sea history and its impact on North Atlantic climate, we investigated a high accumulation‐rate brackish‐marine sediment core from the Little Belt (Site M0059), Danish Straits, NW Europe, retrieved during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 347. We combined benthic foraminiferal geochemistry, faunal assemblages, and pore water stable isotopes to reconstruct seawater conditions (e.g., oxygenation, temperature, and salinity) over the past 7.7 thousand years (ka). Bottom water salinity in the Little Belt reconstructed from modeled pore water oxygen isotope data increased between 7.7 and 7.5 ka BP as a consequence of the transition from freshwater to brackish‐marine conditions. Salinity decreased gradually (from 30 to 24) from 4.1 to ~2.5 ka BP. By using the trace elemental composition (Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, and Ba/Ca) and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of foraminiferal species Elphidium selseyensis and E. clavatum, we identified that generally warming and hypoxia occurred between about 7.5 and 3.3 ka BP, approximately coinciding in time with the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM). These changes of bottom water conditions were coupled to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and relative sea level change.

Foraminiferal geochemistry and assemblage data, and pore water oxygen data of IODP Site 347-M0059

The dataset includes foraminiferal geochemistry and assemblage data, and pore water oxygen isotopes. The samples were collected during IODP Expedition 347 from Site M0059, located in the southern section of the Little Belt in the Baltic Sea. We have measured trace element concentrations (by LA-ICP-MS), oxygen and carbon isotopes of foraminiferal calcite, and fauna assemblage, for reconstruction of past environmental conditions over the past ~7.5 thousand years. We have also measured pore water oxygen isotopes from the same site. In the dataset we also present the trace element concentrations of foraminiferal calcite from IODP347 Site M0059 measured by solution-based ICP-OES. In addition, we include the measurement of water column salinity and oxygen isotopes data from cruise MSM 50 between the Skagerrak and the southern Baltic Sea.

TOC, TIC, TN and TS contents and stable isotope signatures (δ13C of TOC, δ15N, δ34S) of fine-grained saltmarsh deposits of the barrier island Spiekeroog at the southern North Sea Coast

The dataset compiles total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total nitrogen (TN) and total sulfur (TS) contents and stable isotope signatures (δ13C of TOC, δ15N, δ34S) of fine-grained deposits (clay, loam) over sandy subsoils of the saltmarsh of the barrier island Spiekeroog at the southern North Sea coast. Sampling was performed in September 2016 along three transects spanning from the high saltmarsh to the pioneer zone. At each sample point, soil samples were taken from the first 5 cm of the upper part (top samples) and from the deepest 5 cm of the lower part (bottom samples) of the fine-grained deposit. If the fine-grained deposit layer had a thickness < 10 cm, only one bulk soil sample (single samples) was taken for the depth range equal to the deposit thickness. Samples were ground to fine powder. TIC was measured on oven-dried samples coulometrically with an Analytik Jena multi EA 4000 analyzer. The total carbon (TC), TN, and TS were analyzed using a Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink Elemental Analyzer. The TOC contents were calculated as the difference between TC and TIC. TOC, TN, and TS contents are reported based on the original dry mass. For isotope analysis, dried and homogenized samples were weighed in tin cups and combusted in a Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink Elemental Analyzer, connected to a Thermo Finnigan MAT 253 gas mass spectrometer via a Thermo Conflo IV split interface. The δ13C values of TOC were measured after decalcification of the ground powders with p. a. grade HCl. The TN and δ34S analysis were carried out on a separate aliquot of sample powder. The isotope results are given in the conventional δ-notation.

Solution based trace element concentration of IODP Site 347-M0059

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