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A database of analogue models documenting fault reactivation during multiphase extension.

In this dataset we provide top-view photos and perspective photos (to create topographic data, i.e. Digital Elevation Models, DEMs) documenting analogue model deformation. For more details on modelling setup, experimental series Wang et al. (2021), to which this dataset is supplementary material. For details on analogue materials refer to Del Ventisette et al., 2019, Maestrelli et al. (2020). The analogue modelling experiments were carried out at the TOOLab (Tectonic Modelling Laboratory) of the Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources of the National Research Council of Italy, Italy, and the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Florence. The laboratory work that produced these data was supported by the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) and by the Joint Research Unit (JRU) EPOS Italia. Additional analysis, following the original work, was supported by the “Monitoring Earth’s Evolution and Tectonics” (MEET) project

Digital image correlation data from analogue modelling experiments addressing extension of weakened crust

This data set includes the results of digital image correlation analysis applied to analogue modelling experiments (Table 1) on the effect of weakness during distributed crustal extension performed at the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) of the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. Ten generic analogue models made of a layer of Quartz sand (G12, Rosenau et al., 2018) including a weak silicone oil “seed” (PDMS G30M, Rudolf et al., 2016) to localize deformation have been extended on top of a basal foam block. A benchmark experiment (basal foam only) and a reference model (layer of sand without seed) are also reported. Detailed descriptions of the experiments can be found in Osagiede et al. (2021) to which this data set is supplement. The models have been monitored by means of digital image correlation (DIC) analysis (Adam et al., 2005). DIC analysis yields quantitative information about model surface deformation in 2D and 3D. The data presented here are visualized as finite strain and displacement maps as well as cumulative strain and displacement profiles.

Surface deformation and topography data from analogue modelling experiments addressing triaxial tectonics in regions of distributed extension

This data set includes the results of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEM) and digital image correlation (DIC) analysis applied to analogue modelling experiments. Twenty generic analogue models are extended on top of a rubber sheet. Two benchmark experiments are also reported. Detailed descriptions of the experiments can be found in Liu et al. (submitted) to which this data set is supplement. The data presented here are visualized as topography and the horizontal cumulative surface strain (principal strain and slip rake).

Overviews and videos of top view imagery, topography data and DIC analysis results from analogue models of basin inversion

This data set includes videos depicting the surface evolution (time-lapse photography, topography data and Digital Image Correlation [DIC] analysis) of 11 analogue models, divided in three model series (A, B and C), simulating rifting and subsequent inversion tectonics. In these models we test how orthogonal or oblique extension, followed by either orthogonal or oblique compression, as well as syn-rift sedimentation, influenced the reactivation of rift structures and the development of new inversion structures. We compare these models with an intracontinental inverted basin in NE Brazil (Araripe Basin). All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of the University of Bern (UB). We used an experimental set-up involving two long mobile sidewalls, two rubber sidewalls (fixed between the mobile walls, closing the short model ends), and a mobile and a fixed base plate. We positioned a 5 cm high block consisting of an intercalation of foam (1 cm thick) and Plexiglas (0.5 cm thick) bars on the top of the base plates. Then we added layers of viscous and brittle analogue materials representing the ductile and brittle lower and upper crust in our experiments, which were 3 cm and 6 cm thick, respectively. A seed made of the same viscous material was positioned at the base of the brittle layer, in order to localize the formation of an initial graben in our models. The standard model deformation rate was 20 mm/h, over a duration of 2 hours for a total of 40 mm of divergence, followed by 2 hours of convergence at the same rate (except for Models B3 and C3, since the oblique rifting did not create space for 40 mm of orthogonal inversion). For syn-rift sedimentation, we applied an intercalation of feldspar and quartz sand in the graben. Model parameters and detailed description of model set-up are summarized in Table 1, and results and their interpretation can be found in Richetti et al. (2023).

Digital image correlation data from analogue modelling experiments addressing magma emplacement along simple shear and transtensional fault zones

This data set includes the results of digital image correlation analysis applied to nine experiments (Table 1) on magma-tectonic interaction performed at the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) of the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam in the framework of EPOS transnational access activities in 2017. The models use silicone oil (PDMS G30M, Rudolf et al., 2016) and Quartz sand (G12, Rosenau et al., 2018) to simulate pre-, syn- and post-tectonic intrusion of granitic magma into upper crustal shear zones of simple shear and transtensional (15° obliquity) kinematics. Three reference experiments (simple shear, transtension, intrusion) are also reported. Detailed descriptions of the experiments can be found in Michail et al. (submitted) to which this data set is supplement. The models have been monitored by means of digital image correlation (DIC) analysis including Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV; Adam et al., 2005) and Structure from Motion photogrammetry (SfM; Donnadieu et al., 2003; Westoby et al., 2012). DIC analysis yields quantitative model surface deformation information by means of 3D surface topography and displacements from which surface strain has been calculated. The data presented here are visualized as surface deformation maps and movies, as well as digital elevation and intrusion models. The results of a shape analysis of the model plutons is provided, too.

A database of analogue models and geophysical data investigating caldera resurgence; DynamiCal project

In this dataset we provide data for 6 experimental models of caldera collapse and subsequent resurgence monitored through geophysical sensors (a force or “impact sensor”, Piezotronics PCB 104 200B02 and a Triaxial piezoelectric accelerometer, Model 356B18). The analogue modelling experiments were carried out at the TOOLab (Tectonic Modelling Laboratory), which is a joint laboratory between the Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy and the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Florence. The laboratory work that produced these data was partly supported by the European Plate Observing System (EPOS), by the Joint Research Unit (JRU) EPOS Italia and by the “Monitoring Earth's Evolution and Tectonics” (MEET) project (NextGenerationEU). Specifically, this work was performed in the frame of the DynamiCal project, funded by the 2° TNA-NOA call of the ILGE-MEET project.

40Ar/39Ar Radiometric Dating of Quaternary Basaltic Volcanism at the Kula Volcanic Province, Western Türkiye

During this research at the 40Ar-39Ar Geochronology Laboratory, CNR, Pisa, Italy, the analysis focused on 40Ar- 39Ar radiometric dating to investigate three distinct periods of volcanism from the Kula Volcanic Province in western Türkiye. This area is a monogenetic volcanic field (MVF) and exhibits three eruptive periods in the Quaternary Period. The three periods of volcanism are named the Burgaz (first stage), the Elikcitepe (second stage), and the DivilitTepe (third stage). This type of volcanism is poorly understood due to their small eruption size and limited material, lack of suitable datable material, and short eruption duration, with geological histories often poorly constrained. The data publication includes data of four samples from the three different eruptive phases that were analysed, including one from the first stage, one from the second stage, and two from the third stage. The samples were successfully dated and gave ages as the Early Pleistocene (first stage), the Middle Pleistocene (second stage) and the Holocene (third stage). The data from this work will be used as part of a PhD thesis. The ages will be integrated into a more detailed geochemical analysis and facilitate a detailed examination of the temporal and spatial relationships for the evolution of the volcano, and insights into the mechanisms driving volcanic activity in the region. Data was acquired by an ARGUS VI multi-collector noble gas mass spectrometer, using the step-heating process for all samples. Between 9.9 and 11.1 mg of groundmass material was analysed.

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