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Halogenradikale spielen eine Schlüsselrolle in der Chemie der polaren Grenzschicht. Alljährlich im Frühjahr beobachtet man riesige Flächen von mehreren Millionen Quadratkilometern mit stark erhöhten Konzentrationen von reaktivem Brom, welches von salzhaltigen Oberflächen in der Arktis und Antarktis emittiert werden. Dieses Phänomen ist auch als Bromexplosion bekannt. Des Weiteren detektieren sowohl boden- als auch satellitengestützte Messungen signifikante Mengen von Jodoxid über der Antarktis, jedoch nicht in der Arktis. Die Gründe für diese Asymmetrie sind nach wie vor unbekannt, aber das Vorhandensein von nur wenigen ppt reaktiven Jods in der antarktischen Grenzschicht sollte einen signifikanten Einfluss auf das chemische Gleichgewicht der Atmosphäre haben und zu einer Verstärkung des durch Brom katalysierten Ozonabbaus im polaren Frühjahr haben. Der Schwerpunkt der Aktivitäten im Rahmen von HALOPOLE III wird auf der Untersuchung von wichtigen Fragestellungen liegen, die im Rahmen der Vorgängerprojekte HALOPOLE I und II im Bezug auf die Quellen, Senken und Transformationsprozesse von reaktiven Halogenverbindungen in Polarregionen aufgetreten sind. Basierend sowohl auf der synergistischen Untersuchung der bislang gewonnen Daten aus Langzeit - und Feldmessungen sowie auf neuartigen Messungen in der Antarktis sind die wesentlichen Schwerpunkte: (1) Die Untersuchung einer im Rahmen von HALOPOLE II aufgetretenen eklatanten Diskrepanz zwischen aktiven und passiven Messungen DOAS Messungen von IO. (2) Eine eingehende Analyse der DOAS Langzeitmessungen von der Neumayer Station und Arrival Heights (Antarktis) sowie Alert (Kanada) bezüglich Meteorologie, Ursprung der Luftmassen, Vertikalverteilung, sowie des Einflusses von Schnee, Meereis und Eisblumen auf die Freisetzung von reaktiven Halogenverbindungen. (3) Die Untersuchung der kleinskaligen räumlicher und zeitlichen Variation von BrO auf der Basis einer detaillierten Analyse der flugzeuggebundenen MAX-DOAS Messungen während der BROMEX 2012 Kampagne in Barrow/Alaska. (4) Die Analyse der kürzlich in der marginalen Eiszone der Antarktis auf dem Forschungsschiff Polarstern durchgeführten Messungen im Hinblick auf die horizontale und vertikale Verteilung von BrO und IO, sowie den Einfluss der Halogenchemie auf den Ozon- und Quecksilberhaushalt. (5) Weitere detaillierte Untersuchungen des Einflusses von Halogenradikalen, insbesondere Chlor und Jod, auf das chemische Gleichgewicht der polaren Grenzschicht auf der Basis einer Messkampagne in Halley Bay, Antarktis. (6) Detailliertere Langzeit-Messungen von Halogenradikalen und weiteren Substanzen auf der Neumayer Station mittels eines neuen Langpfad-DOAS Instruments welches im Rahmen dieses Projektes entwickelt wird. Zusätzlich zu den bereits existierenden MAX-DOAS Messungen werden diese eine ganzjährige Messungen des vollen Tagesganges sowie die Untersuchung nicht nur der Brom- und Jodchemie, sondern auch der Chlorchemie ermöglichen.
This dataset contains individual-level growth rate measurements of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis and the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas, collected during a controlled mesocosm experiment in Sylt, Germany (coordinates are included in the dataset). Data were collected over a three-month period, from 29 March 2023 to 26 June 2023. Twelve mesocosms were used: six maintained at ambient temperature and six maintained at +3 °C above ambient. A randomized experimental design was used: six mesocosms contained only M. edulis, while the remaining six contained both species. Observations include shell length and daily shell-length growth rates, total wet weight (including shell) and daily growth rates based on weight. Each mussel was labeled and categorized by size class. Measurements were obtained using digital calipers (The Noble Finn, Model 150 mm) and laboratory balances (Type 00AC, Sartorius AG Göttingen, Germany), as well as handheld multiparameter instruments for water temperature. The dataset provides reproducible, traceable individual-level responses of M. edulis and M. gigas under controlled warming, supporting studies on physiological responses of coastal bivalves to temperature changes.
This dataset contains individual-level measurements of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis collected during a controlled mesocosm experiment at Sylt, Germany. Data were collected over a three-month period from 2 April 2022 to 27 June 2022. The experiment comprised twelve mesocosms, with four maintained at ambient temperature, four maintained at +1.5°C above ambient, and four at +3 °C above ambient. Observations include shell length, shell-length growth rates, and multiple biomass fractions, including total wet weight, wet tissue mass weight, shell-free dry weight, and ash-free dry weight, from which weight-based growth rates were calculated. All measurements were obtained using standard, traceable laboratory and field instruments. The dataset documents individual-level growth responses of M. edulis under controlled warming conditions and provides a reproducible resource for studies on physiological responses of coastal bivalves to temperature changes.
Werden wasserführende TGA-Systeme mit dem Sensorsystem FeQuan überwacht stehen neben der Korrosionsrate eine Reihe von primären Parametern zur Verfügung deren Interpretation den Einsatz von qualifiziertem Personal erfordert. Bei der Überwachung einer größeren Anzahl von Systemen ist durch diese Einschränkung nicht mehr garantiert, dass unerwünschte Systemveränderungen rechtzeitig erkannt werden. Es sollen daher Verfahren und Algorithmen entwickelt werden, die es erlauben die Überwachung teilweise zu automatisieren, z.B. durch eine Mustererkennung mit Alarmfunktion.
Ovigerous females were collected by scraping from inner Kiel Fjord in July 2018 and kept under control constant temperature room (~19°C) until egg hatching. Newly hatched larvae were reared under combination of different salinity (6 levels, 10–25) and temperature (19 and 23 °C) treatments in order to estimate the salinity threshold and the interactive role of temperature for larval development in Kiel Fjord Hemigarspus takanoi. Experiments were conducted until larvae reached the megalopae stage (last larval stage) or died. The results of such study could give us a primary outlook on the dispersal ability of H. takanoi larvae along the Baltic Sea.
Here, we present the results of the clumped isotope measurements on 20 Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) belemnites. Further, we provide the results of the equilibrated gases and the carbonate reference material that were measured along with the samples. Carbonate digestion at 90 °C and subsequent CO2 purification was performed on an automated line connected to a ThermoFisher MAT 253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The data is projected to the Carbon Dioxide Equilibrium Scale (CDES) and presented without an acid fractionation factor applied. Further details on the sample material, sample preparation method, and mass spectrometry procedures can be found in the associated files and the linked article: Price et al. (2020).
Previous studies with Baltic Sea phytoplankton combining elevated seawater temperature with CO2 revealed the importance of size trait-based analyses, in particular dividing the plankton in-to edible (> 5 and < 100 µm) and inedible (< 5 and > 100 µm) size classes for mesozoopankton grazers. While the edible phytoplankton responded predominantly negative to warming and the inedible group stayed unaffected or increased, independent from edibility most phyto-plankton groups gained from CO2. Because the ratio between edible and inedible taxa changes profoundly over seasons, we investigated, if community responses can be predicted according to the prevailing composition of edible and inedible groups. We experimentally explored the combined effects of elevated temperatures and CO2 concentrations on a late-summer Baltic Sea community. Total phytoplankton significantly increased in response to elevated CO2 in particu-lar in combination with temperature, driven by a significant gain of the inedible < 5 µm fraction and large filamentous cyanobacteria. Large flagellates disappeared. The edible group was low as usual in summer and decreased with both factors due to enhanced copepod grazing and overall decline of small flagellates. Our results emphasize that the responses of summer communities are complex, but can be predicted by the composition and dominance of size classes and groups.
Previous studies with Baltic Sea phytoplankton combining elevated seawater temperature with CO2 revealed the importance of size trait-based analyses, in particular dividing the plankton in-to edible (> 5 and < 100 µm) and inedible (< 5 and > 100 µm) size classes for mesozoopankton grazers. While the edible phytoplankton responded predominantly negative to warming and the inedible group stayed unaffected or increased, independent from edibility most phyto-plankton groups gained from CO2. Because the ratio between edible and inedible taxa changes profoundly over seasons, we investigated, if community responses can be predicted according to the prevailing composition of edible and inedible groups. We experimentally explored the combined effects of elevated temperatures and CO2 concentrations on a late-summer Baltic Sea community. Total phytoplankton significantly increased in response to elevated CO2 in particu-lar in combination with temperature, driven by a significant gain of the inedible < 5 µm fraction and large filamentous cyanobacteria. Large flagellates disappeared. The edible group was low as usual in summer and decreased with both factors due to enhanced copepod grazing and overall decline of small flagellates. Our results emphasize that the responses of summer communities are complex, but can be predicted by the composition and dominance of size classes and groups.
Previous studies with Baltic Sea phytoplankton combining elevated seawater temperature with CO2 revealed the importance of size trait-based analyses, in particular dividing the plankton in-to edible (> 5 and < 100 µm) and inedible (< 5 and > 100 µm) size classes for mesozoopankton grazers. While the edible phytoplankton responded predominantly negative to warming and the inedible group stayed unaffected or increased, independent from edibility most phyto-plankton groups gained from CO2. Because the ratio between edible and inedible taxa changes profoundly over seasons, we investigated, if community responses can be predicted according to the prevailing composition of edible and inedible groups. We experimentally explored the combined effects of elevated temperatures and CO2 concentrations on a late-summer Baltic Sea community. Total phytoplankton significantly increased in response to elevated CO2 in particu-lar in combination with temperature, driven by a significant gain of the inedible < 5 µm fraction and large filamentous cyanobacteria. Large flagellates disappeared. The edible group was low as usual in summer and decreased with both factors due to enhanced copepod grazing and overall decline of small flagellates. Our results emphasize that the responses of summer communities are complex, but can be predicted by the composition and dominance of size classes and groups.
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