Das Projekt "Frozen Ark Projekt" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander König - Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere durchgeführt. Over the next thirty years it is predicted that more than 1000 species of mammals, a quarter of the world's total, and a similar proportion of birds, amphibians and marine animals (both invertebrates and vertebrates) will go extinct. Thousands of invertebrate species have already disappeared after the destruction of their habitats. The Frozen Ark Project is a strategy to conserve the genetic resources of the world's endangered species. It is the animal equivalent of the the 'Millennium Seed Bank' created by Kew Gardens to conserve the seeds of the world's plants. The Ark's consortium is a network of research and conservation bodies, including zoos, aquaria, natural history museums and research laboratories around the world. The charity's office and laboratory is based within the University of Nottingham.
Das Projekt "Effects in CO2 and light on the carbon acquisition of key diatom species in the Southern Ocean" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung e.V. in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (AWI) durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "The influence of Fe on the distribution and kinetic speciation of Zn, Cd, Co and Ni in the Southern Ocean" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Forschungsbereich 2: Marine Biogeochemie, Forschungseinheit Chemische Ozeanographie durchgeführt. The role of Fe as the key limiting nutrient for the growth of phytoplankton in the high-nitrate-low-chlorophyll (HNLC) waters of the Southern Ocean is now without question after a series of mesoscale Fe enrichment experiments conducted there over the last few years. Through its influence on phytoplankton physiology changes in Fe have an effect on the biological demand and the distribution of other nutrients. Some of the other key bio-elements have the potential to co-limit the growth of plankton species and in turn influence the phytoplankton community structure and the drawdown of macronutrients. In this context the trace metals Zn, Cd, Co and Ni are needed for the uptake and metabolisation of the macronutrients N, Si, C and P (Figure 1) and have been identified as prime candidates for further studies. While Zn, Co and Ni are important cofactors in various enzymes the role of Cd is ambivalent as it is toxic in relatively low concentrations. However recently it could be shown that a variety of marine diatoms have the ability to use Cd as a substitute for Zn in isoforms of the Carbonic Anhydrase. Furthermore a deepened knowledge regarding the biogeochemistry of Zn and Cd is fundamental to establish their use as paleo-tracers for carbon-export (Zn) and primary productivity (Cd).
Das Projekt "The Cumacea of the Antarctic deep-sea expeditions ANDEEP I to III" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum durchgeführt. During the Antarctic expeditions ANDEEP I and II (January to April 2002) and ANDEEP III (January to April 2005) epibenthic sledge (EBS) samples were taken from different Antarctic deep-sea basins. In total 7026 specimens of Cumacea were sorted from the epibenthic sledge samples of the ANDEEP I to III expeditions, and from all samples of the ANT XV/3 expedition. The DIVA-1 project (Meteor Expedition Me 48/1 to the Angola Basin, July 2000) investigated the deep-sea basin off Angola and resulted in 41 new species of the order Cumacea. Only one species was already known (Mühlenhardt-Siegel 2003, 2005 a, b, c, d, e). It seems therefore reasonable to expect many new species from the deep-sea basins of the Southern Ocean. Cumacea were frequently found in the benthic community of the deep-sea basins; within the peracarid crustaceans they ranked third in abundance after Amphipoda and Isopoda. The Cumacea are an important subject for biogeographical studies, as well as for diversity, distribution, faunal overlap and colonisation of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and the adjacent deep-sea basins because they have a benthic life style and - as all peracarids - no free larvae, resulting in a limited active and passive distribution.
Das Projekt "Sub project: Spatial Variations of the Phaseshift between Ocean Surface Warming, Evaporation and Changes oft Continental Ice Volume at Terminations I and II (P.O.E.T)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel (GEOMAR) durchgeführt. The proposed study will examine the timing and phasing of the warming of the ocean surface during the beginning of interglacial Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1 and 5. The primary goal is to verify the hypothesis whether the tropical ocean or the Northern North Atlantic is pacing climate change at the glacial/interglacial transitions. The change in sea-surface temperature (SST) in relation to sea-surface salinity (SSS) and global ice volume change will be deciphered by using a hitherto unique approach, namely the measurement of combined ?44/40Ca, Mg/Ca and ?18O in the same planktonic foraminiferal species in comparison to alkenone-based temperatures. The high-resolution multi-proxy data series will be gathered from tropical to high northern latitude ocean areas in the Atlantic Ocean, roughly following the pathway of ocean heat and moisture via the Gulf Stream system, and hence, covering areas with different evaporation/precipitation ratios. We will reconstruct these oceanic parameters for the surface ocean by using shallow-dwelling and by using deep-dwellers foraminifers for the subsurface ocean.
Das Projekt "Effect of habitat fragmentation on reptiles in South East Asia" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander König - Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere durchgeführt. Fragmentation of the natural environment has contributed to major biodiversity loss in South East Asia. Reptiles represent a significant biomass and occupy important functions in our ecosystem. However, these organisms are highly sensitive to relatively minor changes in temperature and habitat alteration. In this study we will investigate the effects of habitat fragmentation and potentially climate change on agamids at several sites in Southeast Asia. We will identify the species richness of agamids, their habitat use, and their diet. By using morphometrics, we aim to correlate morphology and habitat use and diet to explore the ecological niches these lizards occupy. We will also test for microhabitat preferences and optima to understand the ecological impacts on these species caused by forest fragmentation. We hope to use this approach to lay the foundations for macro-ecological modelling proving insights into future distributions and the impact of habitat connectivity.
Das Projekt "Erhebungen über den Aufbau und die Biomasse ... bezogen auf die Wälder in Indonesien" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Waldwachstum und Forstliche Informatik, Professur für Forstliche Biometrie und Forstliche Systemanalyse durchgeführt. Kampar Peninsula is an excellent example of tropical peatland ecosystems, which is highly degraded, drained and converted into other land uses. This region represents 30 Prozent of peatland ecosystems in Indonesia, and the potential of carbon released from the forest region is huge. Thus, the Kampar Peninsula peatlands play important roles, both for Indonesia and South East Asia carbon cycle. This study aims: (1) to assess successional patterns and to forecast dominant trees species over tropical peatlands using individual based modeling. (2) to establish a standard method for peat domevolume predictions as the basis for below ground biomass estimation, applying remote sensing and spatial data analysis, and (3) to study the connections between biomass, peat characteristics and vegetation patterns for better understanding of the peatlands behavior. To achieve these objectives, we will apply multidisciplinary approach, namely individual based modeling (IBM) simulation, combining field data and remote sensing data for model parameterization. Additionally, remote sensing methods (i.e. polarimetry SAR and PolinSAR techniques) will be used to map the biomass and carbon stocks over the study area. The connections between biomass and carbon stocks, forest stand structure and parameters, peatland hydrology and land cover/land use map over the area may provide clear descriptions about the behaviorof tropical peatlands, which is relatively unknown. The study will also provide usefulinformation regarding carbon stocks and biomass abundance level that is required as a basis for carbon mechanism development of this particularly unique ecosystems.
Das Projekt "Exzellenzcluster 80 (EXC): Ozean der Zukunft" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel (GEOMAR), Forschungsbereich 3: Marine Ökologie, Forschungseinheit Evolutionsökologie Mariner Fische durchgeführt. We will use standardized range maps of 10,000 marine organisms to compare their current area of distribution with that under 2050 and 2100 future ocean scenarios. We will identify prominent winners and losers at the level of species, taxonomic groups and regions.
Das Projekt "Sub project: Impact of climate variability on the bentho-pelagic coupling in a large river" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ, Themenbereich Wasserressourcen und Umwelt, Department für Fließgewässerökologie durchgeführt. Benthic consumers can play an important role in controlling plankton in river systems. The degree of the loss to the benthos is strongly dependent on climate related factors, i.e. temperature and rain fall (water level). Mismatches in the balance between the growth of planktonic organisms and their loss induced by the benthos might strongly influence the ecosystem function. Here we aim to provide a data to explain and predict the benthic impact on the development of different plankton groups in response to changing climate conditions using River Rhine as a model system. Under normal conditions the trophic interactions between benthic and pelagic communities in rivers are much closer than in standing waters. Different approaches including field studies as well as experiments on the bentho-pelagic coupling will be applied. The experiments will be conducted in different flow channels including river bypass systems in order to estimate the impact of benthic key species and benthic communities on the different plankton groups under changing temperature condition. The spatial and temporal dynamics of potential benthic consumers (especially among the biofilm-associated fauna) will be investigated in the field. In addition, based on a long term sampling campaign, the analysis of the dynamics of significant plankton groups will be continued with focus on the impact of climate variations on the plankton composition. If there are significant changes in the matches/mismatches of bentho-pelagic interactions this would have tremendous influences on the functioning of river systems (degradation of organic compounds, etc.). The major aim of our study will be the analysis of conditions for possible mismatches. River systems are generally expected to face the greatest environmental changes with global climatic changes compared to lake or marine systems.
Das Projekt "D 4.1: Livestock parasites and parasitic zoonoses in smallholder farming systems of Northern Vietnam" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Zoologie, Fachgebiet Parasitologie durchgeführt. 80Prozent of the Vietnamese population inhabits rural areas, which are dominated by agriculture. After rice production, animal husbandry is the 2nd most important agricultural activity. In the mountainous area of northwestern Vietnam, livestock production is mainly done in smallholder farms, with each farmer keeping small numbers of a variety of species including pigs, cattle, buffaloes, goats and poultry. Within this area dominated by economic constraints, smallholder farming differs according to the distance to towns where market outlets exist. While farmers in valleys (near roads or towns) use e.g. pig production for income generation, the more remote mountain slopes are dominated by subsistence farming. In adaptation to this, different husbandry practices exist, and different animal species / breeds are raised. Generally, pigs are the most important animal species both as a meat source and for sale. While local pig genotypes are gradually being replaced by high yielding exotic breeds in large areas of Vietnam, this development is only slowly reaching the more remote areas of the northwest. Presently, aspects of resource utilization with regard to different animal breeds are under investigation (cf. sub-project D2.2 (Livestock effiency)). However, the impact of this development on aspects of veterinary and public health importance have not been addressed so far, although the transmission of economically important livestock pathogens and zoonotic diseases are intricately linked to husbandry practices and animal genotypes. Several species of livestock parasites not only have economic importance due to their impact on the quality and quantity of animal products, but are causative agents for human disease. Due to the complex life cycles of most parasites - which involve different host species and obligatory host changes - the locally prevailing conditions of animal husbandry, slaughtering facilities and marketing practises have a drastic influence on the transmission intensity. Many parasitic diseases can be effectively controlled by improved slaughtering practises (meat inspection) and information on preventive behaviour to farmers and distributors. However, small scale farming usually favours disease transmission due to uncontrolled home slaughter with unsafe offal disposal and generally unhygienic conditions. Therefore, any changes in animal production systems and the introduction of new animal genotypes is likely to have an impact on parasite transmission and public health, which has to be taken into account when evaluating the local acceptance and sustainability of such systems. In a first phase of this project, prevalence surveys of various parasite species in livestock (pigs, cattle, buffaloes, goats) will be carried out in an area of Son La Province, which includes different types of animal husbandry. (abridged text)
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