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Continuous current observations near DynaCom experimental islands in the back-barrier tidal flat, Spiekeroog, Germany, 2019-11 to 2023-09

Data presented here were collected between November 2019 to September 2023 within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems, https://uol.de/dynacom/ ) involving the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were established in the back-barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog (Germany). A recording current meter (RCM; SEAGUARD® Recording Current Meter, Aanderaa Data Instruments AS, Bergen/Norway) was installed in the back-barrier tidal flat near the experimental islands. The sensor was bottom-mounted in a shallow tidal creek (0.59 m NHN) using a steel girder buried in the sediment, which caused the sensor to be exposed during low tide. All low-tide data have been removed from the dataset. The system was equipped with a ZPulse Doppler Current Sensor (DCS), a conductivity sensor, an oxygen optode, and two analogue sensors for chlorophyll-a and turbidity (16445). All sensors were pre-calibrated by the manufacturer. Recorded data were internally logged until readout with the SeaGuard Studio software (V1.5.23). Salinity was derived in the SeaGuard Studio software using temperature-dependent, nonlinear seawater conductivity compensation following the Practical Salinity Scale (PSS-78). Subsequent data processing was done using MATLAB (R2024b). Turbidity and chlorophyll-a data were excluded from the final dataset, as the recorded signals show implausible values and did not pass quality-control criteria. Post-processing and quality control included (a) the removal of low tide data, data covering maintenance activities, and data affected by biofouling, (b) the removal of implausible values, c) an outlier detection using the Hampel filter method, and (d) visual checks. Identified outlier were removed and synchronously removed across all associated parameters of the respective sensor.

Oceanographic data of Time Series Station Spiekeroog for 2009

The Time Series Station Spiekeroog (TSS) was setup in 2002, in the tidal inlet between the East Frisian Islands of Langeoog and Spiekeroog in the Southern German Bight, at position 53°45′01.0″ N, 007°40′16.3″ E. The aim was to ensure the continuous measurement of physical, biological, chemical and meteorological parameters, even under extreme weather conditions such as storms, ice, and storm surges. The TSS was financed as part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) research unit BioGeoChemistry of Tidal Flats and the Ministry for Science and Culture of the Land of Lower Saxony (MWK). Here, water temperature and conductivity were measured in the year 2009. All raw data were revised and corrected for steps as range, outliers and stationarity checks. Water temperature and conductivity were measured in five different depths (4 m, 5.5 m, 7.5 m, 9.5 m, 11.5 m below MSL). Due to marine biofouling at the sensors and accompanying drift of instruments, the measured water temperature and conductivity data were corrected via linear regression by using reference data. As the water column in this region is well mixed and the water depth of the measurements varies with the tide, data from all five depths were averaged and referenced to a water depth of 4 m. Absolute salinity was derived from conductivity, temperature and pressure data according to TEOS 10. Data were smoothed and a quality flag was assigned for water temperature and salinity. The quality flags refer to the standard for data quality control of SeaDataNet https://www.seadatanet.org/ (0 = raw data, 1 = good data, 2 = probably good data, 3 = questionable data). Water level data for 2009 obtained at TSS are published by Holinde et al. (2015). A detailed description of the Time Series Station Spiekeroog, its structure and instrumentation can be found in Zielinski et al. (2022) and in Reuter et al. (2009).

Oceanographic data of Time Series Station Spiekeroog for 2024

The Time Series Station Spiekeroog (TSS) was setup in 2002, in the tidal inlet between the East Frisian Islands of Langeoog and Spiekeroog in the Southern German Bight, at position 53°45′01.0″ N, 007°40′16.3″ E. The aim was to ensure the continuous measurement of physical, biological, chemical and meteorological parameters, even under extreme weather conditions such as storms, ice, and storm surges. The TSS was financed as part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) research unit BioGeoChemistry of Tidal Flats and the Ministry for Science and Culture of the Land of Lower Saxony (MWK). Here, sea level, water temperature and conductivity were measured in the year 2024. All raw data were revised and corrected for steps as range, outliers and stationarity checks. Water temperature and conductivity were measured in five different depths (4 m, 5.5 m, 7.5 m, 9.5 m, 11.5 m below MSL). Due to marine biofouling at the sensors and accompanying drift of instruments, the measured water temperature and conductivity data were corrected via linear regression by using reference data. As the water column in this region is well mixed and the water depth of the measurements varies with the tide, data from all five depths were averaged and referenced to a water depth of 4 m. Absolute salinity was derived from conductivity, temperature and pressure data according to TEOS 10. Data were smoothed and a quality flag was assigned for water temperature and salinity. The quality flags refer to the standard for data quality control of SeaDataNet https://www.seadatanet.org/ (0 = raw data, 1 = good data, 2 = probably good data, 3 = questionable data). A detailed description of the Time Series Station Spiekeroog, its structure and instrumentation can be found in Zielinski et al. (2022) and in Reuter et al. (2009).

Oceanographic data of Time Series Station Spiekeroog for 2023

The Time Series Station Spiekeroog (TSS) was setup in 2002, in the tidal inlet between the East Frisian Islands of Langeoog and Spiekeroog in the Southern German Bight, at position 53°45′01.0″ N, 007°40′16.3″ E. The aim was to ensure the continuous measurement of physical, biological, chemical and meteorological parameters, even under extreme weather conditions such as storms, ice, and storm surges. The TSS was financed as part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) research unit BioGeoChemistry of Tidal Flats and the Ministry for Science and Culture of the Land of Lower Saxony (MWK). Here, sea level, water temperature and conductivity were measured in the year 2023. All raw data were revised and corrected for steps as range, outliers and stationarity checks. Water temperature and conductivity were measured in five different depths (4 m, 5.5 m, 7.5 m, 9.5 m, 11.5 m below MSL). Due to marine biofouling at the sensors and accompanying drift of instruments, the measured water temperature and conductivity data were corrected via linear regression by using reference data. As the water column in this region is well mixed and the water depth of the measurements varies with the tide, data from all five depths were averaged and referenced to a water depth of 4 m. Absolute salinity was derived from conductivity, temperature and pressure data according to TEOS 10. Data were smoothed and a quality flag was assigned for water temperature and salinity. The quality flags refer to the standard for data quality control of SeaDataNet https://www.seadatanet.org/ (0 = raw data, 1 = good data, 2 = probably good data, 3 = questionable data). A detailed description of the Time Series Station Spiekeroog, its structure and instrumentation can be found in Zielinski et al. (2022) and in Reuter et al. (2009).

Oceanographic data of Time Series Station Spiekeroog for 2017

The Time Series Station Spiekeroog (TSS) was setup in 2002, in the tidal inlet between the East Frisian Islands of Langeoog and Spiekeroog in the Southern German Bight, at position 53°45′01.0″ N, 007°40′16.3″ E. The aim was to ensure the continuous measurement of physical, biological, chemical and meteorological parameters, even under extreme weather conditions such as storms, ice, and storm surges. The TSS was financed as part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) research unit BioGeoChemistry of Tidal Flats and the Ministry for Science and Culture of the Land of Lower Saxony (MWK). Here, sea level, water temperature and conductivity were measured in the year 2017. All raw data were revised and corrected for steps as range, outliers and stationarity checks. Water temperature and conductivity were measured in five different depths (4 m, 5.5 m, 7.5 m, 9.5 m, 11.5 m below MSL). Due to marine biofouling at the sensors and accompanying drift of instruments, the measured water temperature and conductivity data were corrected via linear regression by using reference data. As the water column in this region is well mixed and the water depth of the measurements varies with the tide, data from all five depths were averaged and referenced to a water depth of 4 m. Absolute salinity was derived from conductivity, temperature and pressure data according to TEOS 10. Data were smoothed and a quality flag was assigned for water temperature and salinity. The quality flags refer to the standard for data quality control of SeaDataNet https://www.seadatanet.org/ (0 = raw data, 1 = good data, 2 = probably good data, 3 = questionable data). A detailed description of the Time Series Station Spiekeroog, its structure and instrumentation can be found in Zielinski et al. (2022) and in Reuter et al. (2009).

Oceanographic data of Time Series Station Spiekeroog for 2021

The Time Series Station Spiekeroog (TSS) was setup in 2002, in the tidal inlet between the East Frisian Islands of Langeoog and Spiekeroog in the Southern German Bight, at position 53°45′01.0″ N, 007°40′16.3″ E. The aim was to ensure the continuous measurement of physical, biological, chemical and meteorological parameters, even under extreme weather conditions such as storms, ice, and storm surges. The TSS was financed as part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) research unit BioGeoChemistry of Tidal Flats and the Ministry for Science and Culture of the Land of Lower Saxony (MWK). Here, sea level, water temperature and conductivity were measured in the year 2021. All raw data were revised and corrected for steps as range, outliers and stationarity checks. Water temperature and conductivity were measured in five different depths (4 m, 5.5 m, 7.5 m, 9.5 m, 11.5 m below MSL). Due to marine biofouling at the sensors and accompanying drift of instruments, the measured water temperature and conductivity data were corrected via linear regression by using reference data. As the water column in this region is well mixed and the water depth of the measurements varies with the tide, data from all five depths were averaged and referenced to a water depth of 4 m. Absolute salinity was derived from conductivity, temperature and pressure data according to TEOS 10. Data were smoothed and a quality flag was assigned for water temperature and salinity. The quality flags refer to the standard for data quality control of SeaDataNet https://www.seadatanet.org/ (0 = raw data, 1 = good data, 2 = probably good data, 3 = questionable data). A detailed description of the Time Series Station Spiekeroog, its structure and instrumentation can be found in Zielinski et al. (2022) and in Reuter et al. (2009).

Anpassung und Optimierung des Shellfish Tower für nachhaltige Muschelkulturwirtschaft an deutschen Küsten, Teilprojekt B

Ohne nachhaltige Aquakultur ist es nicht möglich, die Ernährungssicherheit der Weltbevölkerung zukünftig zu gewährleisten. Hunger und die damit assoziierten gesundheitlichen und sozialen Probleme sind die Folge. In den Küstengebieten bieten Nährstoffe aus dem Meer jedoch ein großes Potenzial zur Deckung des Nahrungsbedarfs mittels Aquakultur. Während der Bedarf an Aquakulturprodukten, unter anderem von Miesmuscheln und Austern, immer weiter wächst, stagniert die Produktion in Europa und Deutschland seit zwei Jahrzehnten, trotz etabliertem Markt und günstigen Randbedingungen. Der nationale Strategieplan Aquakultur (NASTAQ), zu welchem in der Bekanntmachung über die Förderung ein Bezug hergestellt wurde, sieht eine Untersuchung der Schwächen der Muschelkulturwirtschaft in Deutschland vor. Insbesondere das drohende Konfliktpotential durch Muschelkulturwirtschaft in naturschutzrechtlich geschützten Bereichen, Raumkonflikte in Küstennähe, Tourismus und Schifffahrt, sowie fehlende Forschung für neue und verbesserte Technologien werden dabei hervorgehoben. Eine Verlagerung der Anlagen weg von den Küsten, 'offshore', kann helfen, diese Raumkonflikte zu überwinden. Während die Verlagerung von Anlagen offshore mit einer Reihe von positiven Effekten einhergeht, wie höhere Wachstumsraten, kein Parasitenbefall und geringeres Biofouling, sind technische Anpassungen der Strukturen notwendig, insbesondere durch höhere Belastungen infolge der größeren Wassertiefen, höheren Wellen- und stärkeren Strömungen. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes wird das bereits funktionierende Konzept des Shellfish Towers (SFT) des assoziierten Projektpartner Cawthron Institute weiterentwickelt. Größe, Form sowie Materialzusammensetzung der Struktur werden analysiert und an die Gegebenheiten der deutschen Küste angepasst. Ziel ist es, durch Anpassungen und den Einsatz neuer Materialien eine nachhaltigere, effizientere und langlebigere Version des SFT als Prototyp vor der deutschen Küste zu installieren.

Oceanographic data of Time Series Station Spiekeroog for 2022

The Time Series Station Spiekeroog (TSS) was setup in 2002, in the tidal inlet between the East Frisian Islands of Langeoog and Spiekeroog in the Southern German Bight, at position 53°45′01.0″ N, 007°40′16.3″ E. The aim was to ensure the continuous measurement of physical, biological, chemical and meteorological parameters, even under extreme weather conditions such as storms, ice, and storm surges. The TSS was financed as part of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) research unit BioGeoChemistry of Tidal Flats and the Ministry for Science and Culture of the Land of Lower Saxony (MWK). Here, sea level, water temperature and conductivity were measured in the year 2022. All raw data were revised and corrected for steps as range, outliers and stationarity checks. Water temperature and conductivity were measured in five different depths (4 m, 5.5 m, 7.5 m, 9.5 m, 11.5 m below MSL). Due to marine biofouling at the sensors and accompanying drift of instruments, the measured water temperature and conductivity data were corrected via linear regression by using reference data. As the water column in this region is well mixed and the water depth of the measurements varies with the tide, data from all five depths were averaged and referenced to a water depth of 4 m. Absolute salinity was derived from conductivity, temperature and pressure data according to TEOS 10. Data were smoothed and a quality flag was assigned for water temperature and salinity. The quality flags refer to the standard for data quality control of SeaDataNet https://www.seadatanet.org/ (0 = raw data, 1 = good data, 2 = probably good data, 3 = questionable data).

Anpassung und Optimierung des Shellfish Tower für nachhaltige Muschelkulturwirtschaft an deutschen Küsten, Teilprojekt A

Ohne nachhaltige Aquakultur ist es nicht möglich, die Ernährungssicherheit der Weltbevölkerung zukünftig zu gewährleisten. Hunger und die damit assoziierten gesundheitlichen und sozialen Probleme sind die Folge. In den Küstengebieten bieten Nährstoffe aus dem Meer jedoch ein großes Potenzial zur Deckung des Nahrungsbedarfs mittels Aquakultur. Während der Bedarf an Aquakulturprodukten, unter anderem von Miesmuscheln und Austern, immer weiter wächst, stagniert die Produktion in Europa und Deutschland seit zwei Jahrzehnten, trotz etabliertem Markt und günstigen Randbedingungen. Der nationale Strategieplan Aquakultur (NASTAQ), zu welchem in der Bekanntmachung über die Förderung ein Bezug hergestellt wurde, sieht eine Untersuchung der Schwächen der Muschelkulturwirtschaft in Deutschland vor. Insbesondere das drohende Konfliktpotential durch Muschelkulturwirtschaft in naturschutzrechtlich geschützten Bereichen, Raumkonflikte in Küstennähe, Tourismus und Schifffahrt, sowie fehlende Forschung für neue und verbesserte Technologien werden dabei hervorgehoben. Eine Verlagerung der Anlagen weg von den Küsten, 'offshore', kann helfen, diese Raumkonflikte zu überwinden. Während die Verlagerung von Anlagen offshore mit einer Reihe von positiven Effekten einhergeht, wie höhere Wachstumsraten, kein Parasitenbefall und geringeres Biofouling, sind technische Anpassungen der Strukturen notwendig, insbesondere durch höhere Belastungen infolge der größeren Wassertiefen, höheren Wellen- und stärkeren Strömungen. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes wird das bereits funktionierende Konzept des Shellfish Towers (SFT) des assoziierten Projektpartner Cawthron Institute weiterentwickelt. Größe, Form sowie Materialzusammensetzung der Struktur werden analysiert und an die Gegebenheiten der deutschen Küste angepasst. Ziel ist es, durch Anpassungen und den Einsatz neuer Materialien eine nachhaltigere, effizientere und langlebigere Version des SFT als Prototyp vor der deutschen Küste zu installieren.

Automatisierte Fouling-Entfernung von Schiffsrümpfen mittels Laserstrahlung unter Wasser, Vorhaben: Modularer Dioden-Linienlaser im blauen Spektralbereich mit 4 kW Ausgangsleistung zur Fouling-Entfernung unter Wasser

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