The Scientific staff and crew onboard CCGS Louis S. St. Laurent (LSL) returned September the 10th, 2001 from a scientific expedition to the Nares Strait, the northernmost waterway connecting the Arctic and Atlantic oceans. The data format is Society of Exploration Geophysicists SEG Y. The ice conditions in the strait required the support of Canada's largest ice breaker. The ship was a versatile platform for 34 scientists to accomplish their marine investigation. The LSL has a history of supporting international scientific expeditions including an oceanographic transect of the Arctic Ocean in 1994 and a biological study of the Canadian Arctic Islands in 1999. Germany (Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, BGR) and Canada (Geological Survey of Canada) undertook a 5-week scientific cruise to study and explore the geological structure and evolution of the Nares Strait. The primary objective was the study of structural features relating to the formation of the Arctic Ocean and, in particular, the study of the Wegener Fault. This fault is a linear boundary between Greenland and Ellesmere Island which was noted by the German scientist Alfred Wegener in 1915 and later became the subject of a major scientific controversy. The co-operative cruise, which was planned over a period of 2 years, provided the basis for a wide range of scientific investigations, from marine seismic work and climate change studies through airborne magnetic investigations to geodetic survey measurements and geological sampling onshore. Systematic geophysical offshore studies in this key area had not been undertaken before. Where towing of seismic equipment was not possible because of ice coverage, magnetic maps were made using a helicopter-borne magnetic sensor system. Sediment and water samples taken during the cruise provide information on changes in climate and sea ice cover from the last ice-age to the present. An 11 m-long sediment core from outer Jones Sound is the longest core ever taken in the Canadian Arctic channels and holds clues to the detailed climate history of northern Baffin Bay.
In Germany, ensuring water supply is a mandatory duty of the state. Responsibility lies with the municipalities, which can use a range of organisational and legal forms to comply with this duty. Applied to the abstracted water volumes this means that the public water supply abstracted around 5,1 billion cubic meters of water to supply the population with drinking water. Groundwater reserves are the most important source of drinking water. In Germany, ensuring water supply is a mandatory duty of the state. Responsibility lies with the municipalities, which can use a range of organisational and legal forms to comply with this duty. A total of 10 billion cubic meters of waste water was treated in public sewage plants in 2010, almost exclusively through biological waste water treatment. Veröffentlicht in Flyer und Faltblätter.
In order to identify sensitive organisms, biological endpoints in vivo and suitable in vitro test systems for the biomonitoring of pharmaceuticals, a two-part literature search was conducted. Veröffentlicht in Texte | 64/2014.
According to a UBA study, water bodies can be sources of greenhouse gases and thus contribute to climate change. In our surface waters carbon and nitrogen can be transformed into carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The type of gas that is produced, results from various biological and chemical decomposition processes of organic material. In heavily anthropogenically modified surface water, conditions are created that favour the release of greenhouse gases. Waters that have been modified by humans therefore emit more greenhouse gases. River restoration and the reconnection of floodplains can help to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of our surface waters. Veröffentlicht in Texte | 107/2024.
At the nanoscale level, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials differ in fundamental, and often valuable, ways from the properties of individual atoms and molecules, or bulk matter. Research and development in nanotechnology is directed towards creating im-proved materials, devices, and systems that exploit the new properties. The specific properties of nanoparticles proved to be very useful for an increasing number of commercial applications, such as protective coatings, light-weight materials or self-cleaning clothing, for example. Veröffentlicht in Texte | 29/2013.
Klein, Roland; Bartel-Steinbach, Martina; Koschorreck, Jan; Paulus, Martin; Tarricone, Kathrin; Teubner, Diana; Wagner, Gerhard; Weimann, Thomas; Veith, Michael Environmental Science & Technology 46 (2012), 10, 5273-5284 Collecting bird eggs is an established method of biomonitoring for specific pollution hazards. One of the most critical problems with this method is the extreme biological variability in bird eggs, but standardizing the collection and preservation of eggs can reduce these problems. Furthermore, standard practices are required so that the results can be compared among studies because mistakes cannot be corrected by laboratory analysis. Therefore, a standard procedure for collecting and preserving bird eggs may be necessary. The objective of this review is to investigate the current standard of quality assurance in the field by analyzing 86 peer-reviewed papers describing egg collection and use for aquatic birds. We show that little attention has been paid to standardizing how eggs are collected and stored in the field. Important information is often absent, including crucial aspects of sample collection and preservation, such as the freshness of the eggs, the position of the eggs in the laying sequence, the selection criteria, random sampling, and the duration and temperature of transport. Potential standards are suggested and discussed as a foundation for the development of quality assurance standards in the field. doi:10.1021/es204314p Siehe auch: Nature News & Comments: Call for standards in egg bio-monitoring
Paulus, Martin; Teubner, Diana; Hochkirch, Axel; Veith, Michael J Biological Invasions (2014), online 02. April 2014 Knowledge about the spatial-temporal dynamics of biological invasions often remains incomplete, because precise information about the invaders' arrival dates is rare. This applies to the quagga mussel, which has become one of the most successful invasive species in Western European freshwaters. We here used cryogenically stored Dreissena samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank to reconstruct the colonization history of the quagga mussel in German river systems. Our retrospective genetic analysis significantly improved upon previous findings of when the quagga mussel arrived in Germany and can be used as chronological landmarks to reconstruct its range expansion. The discovery of Dreissena rostriformis in 2004 in the Rhine River near Koblenz presented the first record of this species not only in Germany, but also in Western Europe. Our results show that the quagga mussel had already invaded not only large parts of the Rhine and the Danube, but also the Elbe River. This demonstrates the value of cryobanked biological samples for the retrospective analysis of biological 'pollution' through alien invasive species. doi:10.1007/s10530-014-0689-y
The status of coastal waters was assessed with a view to establishing water quality management plans under the Water Framework Directive. Based on monitoring data collected in the past six years, the biological quality elements phytoplankton, macrophytes, macrozoobenthos, and fish (in estuaries) were assessed using largely harmonised methods. Applying a five-class scale, most of the 72 water bodies were rated moderate, poor or bad (particularly in the Baltic Sea), with only one good rating. High nutrient input is considered to be the principal cause.#locale-ger:Für die Bewirtschaftungspläne der europäischen Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (WRRL) wurde der Zustand der Küstengewässer bewertet. Auf der Basis von Überwachungsdaten aus den letzten sechs Jahren kamen die biologischen Qualitätskomponenten Phytoplankton, Makrophyten und Makrozoobenthos sowie Fische (in Flussmündungen) mit weitgehend abgestimmten Verfahren auf den Prüfstand. Auf der fünfstufigen Bewertungsskala wurden die 72 Wasserkörper bis auf einen guten durchweg als mäßig, unbefriedigend oder (besonders in der Ostsee) auch schlecht eingestuft. Stoffliche Belastungen aus erhöhten Nährstoffeinträgen werden dafür als Hauptursache angesehen.
TMAP parameter group: Contaminants in blue mussel (in CD). Gemeinsames Bund/Länder-Messprogramm für die Nordsee The trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program was established in 1994 and contains 28 chemical, biological, geological and common parameter. Analyses enable an assessment on the trilateral agreed ecological targets. Results are published as Quality status report regularly. Investigations are done with regard to the following issues of concern primarily (Kellermann, A. et al. 1994): - Effects of climate change on the morphology, - Effects of pollutant inputs (nutrients and contaminants) on processes, species and communities, - Effects of fisheries on species and communities, - Effects of recreational activities on species, - Effects of agricultural utilization on salt marsh communities.#locale-ger:TMAP Parameter Gruppe: Contaminants in blue mussel (in CD). Gemeinsames Bund/Länder-Messprogramm für die Nordsee Das 1994 zum Schutz des Wattenmeeres eingeführte Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program (TMAP, deutsch: Trilaterales Monitoring und Bewertungsprogramm) umfasst ein Monitoring von insgesamt 28 chemischen, biologischen, geologischen und allgemeinen Parametern. Eine Auswertung der Monitoringdaten ermöglicht eine Beurteilung des Zustandes im Wattenmeer vor dem Hintergrund der trilateral vereinbarten ökologischen Entwicklungsziele. Die Ergebnisse werden etwa alle fünf Jahre im Qualitätszustandsbericht veröffentlicht. Dabei stehen Erhebungen zu folgenden Komplexen im Vordergrund (Kellermann, A. et al. 1994): - Folgen möglicher Klimaänderungen auf Hydrologie, Morphologie und Habitate des Wattenmeeres, - Auswirkungen von Nähr- und Schadstoffeinträgen auf geochemische und biologische Prozesse sowie auf Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften des Wattenmeeres, - den Auswirkungen der Muschel- und Garnelenfischerei auf Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften, - Auswirkungen von Freizeitaktivitäten auf Arten (vor allem Vögel und marine Säuger) sowie - Auswirkungen landwirtschaftlicher Nutzung auf die Lebensgemeinschaften der Salzwiesen.
TMAP parameter group: Contaminants in blue mussel (in CD). Gemeinsames Bund/Länder-Messprogramm für die Nordsee The trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program was established in 1994 and contains 28 chemical, biological, geological and common parameter. Analyses enable an assessment on the trilateral agreed ecological targets. Results are published as Quality status report regularly. Investigations are done with regard to the following issues of concern primarily (Kellermann, A. et al. 1994): - Effects of climate change on the morphology, - Effects of pollutant inputs (nutrients and contaminants) on processes, species and communities, - Effects of fisheries on species and communities, - Effects of recreational activities on species, - Effects of agricultural utilization on salt marsh communities.#locale-ger:TMAP Parameter Gruppe: Contaminants in blue mussel (in CD). Gemeinsames Bund/Länder-Messprogramm für die Nordsee Das 1994 zum Schutz des Wattenmeeres eingeführte Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program (TMAP, deutsch: Trilaterales Monitoring und Bewertungsprogramm) umfasst ein Monitoring von insgesamt 28 chemischen, biologischen, geologischen und allgemeinen Parametern. Eine Auswertung der Monitoringdaten ermöglicht eine Beurteilung des Zustandes im Wattenmeer vor dem Hintergrund der trilateral vereinbarten ökologischen Entwicklungsziele. Die Ergebnisse werden etwa alle fünf Jahre im Qualitätszustandsbericht veröffentlicht. Dabei stehen Erhebungen zu folgenden Komplexen im Vordergrund (Kellermann, A. et al. 1994): - Folgen möglicher Klimaänderungen auf Hydrologie, Morphologie und Habitate des Wattenmeeres, - Auswirkungen von Nähr- und Schadstoffeinträgen auf geochemische und biologische Prozesse sowie auf Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften des Wattenmeeres, - den Auswirkungen der Muschel- und Garnelenfischerei auf Arten und Lebensgemeinschaften, - Auswirkungen von Freizeitaktivitäten auf Arten (vor allem Vögel und marine Säuger) sowie - Auswirkungen landwirtschaftlicher Nutzung auf die Lebensgemeinschaften der Salzwiesen.
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