Das Projekt "Monitoring der Fischfauna in der Spree oberhalb und unterhalb der Abwassereinleitung der ABA I und II" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Institut für Binnenfischerei e.V., Potsdam-Sacrow durchgeführt. Zielstellung: Ziel des Projektes ist die Untersuchung des Einflusses der Einleitung der ABA I und II auf den lokalen Fischbestand der Spree mittels Elektrofischerei über drei Jahre. Material und Methoden: 2014 wurde die erste Fischbestandserfassung mittels Elektrofischerei in der Spree stromaufwärts und -abwärts der Abwassereinleitung (ABA I und II) am Industriepark Schwarze Pumpe durchgeführt. Parallel zur Befischung wurden wichtige Wasserparameter, die Uferstruktur und der Substrattyp aufgenommen. Ergebnisse: 2014 wurden die 13 Fischarten Aal, Barsch, Bitterling, Blei, Döbel, Giebel, Güster, Hasel, Hecht, Plötze, Rotfeder, Ukelei und Wels in wenigen Exemplaren nachgewiesen. Barsch und Plötze waren am häufigsten, von den anderen Arten wurden Einzelexemplare gefangen. Oberhalb der Klärwerkseinleitung wurden weniger Fische und Fischarten nachgewiesen als unterhalb. Auch war der Anteil der Stillwasserarten dort höher. Diese Unterschiede dürften weniger mit der Einleitung als vielmehr mit dem Wehr in Verbindung stehen, das sich direkt oberhalb der Einleitung befindet und unterschiedliche Umweltbedingungen in den Teilstrecken verursacht. Insgesamt entsprach der Fischbestand in Abundanz und Artenzusammensetzung weder oberhalb noch unterhalb der Einleitung der Fischgemeinschaft, die in einem natürlichen Gewässer dieser Fließgewässerregion zu erwarten wäre. Eine wesentliche Beeinträchtigung für die Fischfauna dürfte auch von der in diesem Abschnitt der Spree stark ausgeprägten 'Verockerung' ausgegangen sein.
Das Projekt "Wertschöpfung in ländlichen Räumen mit alten Sorten und alten Rassen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von nova-Institut für politische und ökologische Innovation GmbH durchgeführt. Grundlegendes Ziel dieses Vorhaben ist, übertragbare Erfolgsfaktoren zu identifizieren, wie Betriebe in ländlichen Regionen mit alten Sorten und alten Rassen erfolgreich zum Wohlergehen ihrer Gebiete beitragen können, sowohl im Hinblick auf Wertschöpfung und Beschäftigung als auch auf regionale Identität und Imagebildung. Dabei soll deutlich werden, inwieweit alte Sorten und Rassen zu positiven Entwicklungen in ländlichen Regionen beitragen und über welche Potenziale sie dabei verfügen. Bei der Identifizierung übertragbarer Erfolgsfaktoren werden Vernetzungen und Kooperationen besondere Beachtung finden sowohl im Hinblick auf regionale Wertschöpfungsketten und Netzwerke als auch auf regionale Vermarktung und Regionalmarken. Im Ergebnis sollen geeignete Instrumente und Methoden gefunden bzw. entwickelt werden, die es erlauben, die Erfolgsfaktoren zu nutzen und damit die Wertschöpfung mit alten Sorten und Rassen bzw. ihre Inwertsetzung in ländlichen Regionen zu stärken und damit gleichzeitig ihre Erhaltung zu fördern. Dabei wird es unter anderem um geeignete Förderinstrumente z.B. im Rahmen der operationellen Programme der Länder gehen ebenso wie um die Integration in die Beratung von Betrieben im Hinblick auf Innovation und Naturschutz sowie die Einbeziehung in Bottom-up Entwicklungsprozesse des LEADER-Ansatzes. Neben diesen Aspekten von Landwirtschaft und ländlicher Entwicklung werden wir auch weitere Strukturen und Möglichkeiten anderer wichtiger Bereiche betrachten, wie z.B. handwerkliche Verarbeitung, Gastronomie und Handel. Schließlich soll die Verbreitung der Ergebnisse in Verbindung mit Good-Practice Beispielen dazu beitragen, mehr Bewusstsein für die Chancen, die alte Sorten und alte Rassen den ländlichen Regionen bieten, sowie konkrete Handlungs- und Kontaktmöglichkeiten mit den Akteuren zu schaffen. Das Projekt verbindet Wertschöpfung mit dem Erhalt durch Nutzung und kann dazu beitragen, Identität und Imagebildung ländlicher Gebiete zu fördern.
Das Projekt "Sub project: 231Pa/230Th profiles from highly accumulating Atlantic sediment cores - a proxy for deep water circulation over the past 30,000 years" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Umweltphysik durchgeführt. In the Atlantic Ocean sedimentary 231Pa/230Th below the production ratio of 0.093 are believed to mirror the advective export of 231Pa to the Southern Ocean due to the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). Times of shifted 231Pa/230Th related with prominent events of cooling and warming support the conclusion that variations in the MOC may incite climate changes. However, the impact of boundary scavenging on the 231Pa/230Th in the glacial Atlantic is a great matter of discussion.The goal of this project is to better understand the behaviour of 231Pa/230Th in Holocene and Glacial sediments both, in the open Ocean and in the upwelling areas in the East Atlantic. The ability to quantify possible boundary scavenging effects will substantially improve our understanding and the interpretation of sedimentary 231Pa/230Th-records as a proxy for the strength of MOC. To approach this goal sedimentary 231Pa/230Th profiles from two high-productivity cores off the coast of Namibia and one off West-Africa are compared with those from the North-, West-, and South- Atlantic Ocean. For the first time 231Pa/230Th from high productivity sediment cores from the African margin at adequate accuracy are being measured by AMS and ICP-MS. The analysis is focused on the last 30 kyr. The high accumulation rates of the selected sediment cores allow a very good time resolution. Therefore, it will be possible to examine the response of the sedimentary 231Pa/230Th to several short-term climate events (e.g. Heinrich Events).
Das Projekt "Mechanistic effect models for the ecological risk assessment of chemicals (CREAM)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ, Department Ökologische Systemanalyse durchgeführt. There is widespread concern about how production and use of chemicals affect the environment. Yet food production and benefits of chemical products are vital for the functioning of European societies. In order to ensure sustainable use, EU regulations require extensive risk assessment before a chemical is approved for use. Current risk assessments focus on risk at the level of individual organisms, but according to EU directives the protection goal aims at achieving sustainable populations. Population-level effects depend not only on exposure and toxicity, but also on important ecological factors that are impossible to fully address empirically. Mechanistic effect models (MEMs) enable the integration of these factors, thus increasing the ecological relevance of risk assessments as well as providing vital understanding of how chemicals interact with ecosystems. Such understanding is crucial for improving risk mitigation strategies and ecosystem management. So far, however, regulators and industry have lacked understanding of the potential benefits that MEMs can deliver, and academics have been inconsistent in the approaches applied. This has led to scepticism about models, preventing a wider use of MEMs in risk assessment. Examples clearly demonstrating the power of MEMs for risk assessment are urgently needed, and industry, academia and regulatory authorities across Europe need scientists that are trained in both MEMs and regulatory risk assessment. CREAM will develop and experimentally validate a suite of MEMs for organisms relevant for chemical risk assessments. The consortium includes the main sectors involved (industry, academia, regulators) and will formulate Good Modelling Practice that will be followed in all individual projects, thus leading to consistency and transparency. CREAM will provide world class training for the next generation of ecological modellers, emphasizing transparency and rigorous model evaluation as core elements of the modelling process.
Das Projekt "Establishment of Teak plantations for high-value timber production in Ghana" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Arbeitsbereich für Weltforstwirtschaft und Institut für Weltforstwirtschaft des Friedrich-Löffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit durchgeführt. Background and Objectives: The project area is located in the Ashanti Region of Ghana / West Africa in the transition zone of the moist semideciduous forest and tropical savannah zone. Main land use in this region is subsistence agriculture with large fallow areas. As an alternative land-use, forest plantations are under development by the Ghanaian wood processing company DuPaul Wood Treatment Ltd. Labourers from the surrounding villages are employed as permanent or casual plantation workers. Within three forest plantation projects of approximately 6,000 ha, DuPaul offers an area of 164 ha (referred to as Papasi Plantation) - which is mainly planted with Teak (Tectona grandis) - for research purposes. In return, the company expects consultations to improve the management for sustainable timber and pole production with exotic and native tree species. Results: In a first research approach, the Papasi Plantation was assessed in terms of vegetation classification, timber resources (in qualitative and quantitative terms) and soil and site conditions. A permanent sampling plot system was established to enable long-term monitoring of stand dynamics including observation of stand response to silvicultural treatments. Site conditions are ideally suited for Teak and some stands show exceptionally good growth performances. However, poor weed management and a lack of fire control and silvicultural management led to high mortality and poor growth performance of some stands, resulting in relative low overall growth averages. In a second step, a social baseline study was carried out in the surrounding villages and identified landowner conflicts between some villagers and DuPaul, which could be one reason for the fire damages. However, the study also revealed a general interest for collaboration in agroforestry on DuPaul land on both sides. Thirdly, a silvicultural management concept was elaborated and an improved integration of the rural population into DuPaul's forest plantation projects is already initiated. If landowner conflicts can be solved, the development of forest plantations can contribute significantly to the economic income of rural households while environmental benefits provide long-term opportunities for sustainable development of the region. Funding: GTZ supported PPP-Measure, Foundation
Das Projekt "Fate of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in the Aqueous Environment and the Associated Effects on Organisms" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Umweltforschung, Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Ökosystemanalyse (ESA) durchgeführt. At present, a lot of research has been done concerning the effects of endocrine disrupting compounds after exposure of organisms via the surrounding water. However, there is limited data available on their environmental behaviour and fate. As the most potent xenoestrogens, such as 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2), nonylphenol (NP) and Bisphenol A (BPA), are hydrophobic organic chemicals, they tend to concentrate in biota and bind to solid phases. Therefore further research should take into account the bioavailability of these substances, the possible exposure of and hazards for benthic biota and the possibility for food web transfer, bioaccumulation and mixture toxicity. This project intends to examine the distribution pattern of two different test substances in a sediment-water system that functions as a habitat for several organisms related to one another in a food chain. The chemicals, selected for this research, are p-NP and EE2, because of their known steroid hormone mimicking potencies, industrial relevance and relatively wide distribution in natural waters. In a first phase, larvae of the midge Chironomus riparius, that are sediment-dwelling organisms, will be exposed to the 14C-labelled isotopes of the test compounds, by different routes: through spiking the different compartments of the sediment-water system in all possible combinations and/or by feeding them spiked algae. The possible toxic effects of EE2 and p-NP on C. riparius, associated with the different exposure conditions, will be compared by means of chronic tests, based on the OECD Guidelines 218 and 219. Different endpoints will be considered: among others emergence, sex ratio and fecundity. Afterwards zebrafish (Danio rerio) will be involved to study among others food web transfer and the effectiveness of different exposure routes to stimulate e.g. vitellogenin induction. The results of the different parts of this research will be coupled and compared to the output of good theoretical models. In this way, a lot of information should be delivered concerning the path of the tested compounds, covered from the external environment, via the water and/or through the food chain, to be metabolised in biota or distributed to the target organ(s) of (an) organism(s) for exhibiting toxic effects or to bind to solid phases like the sediment or organic matter.
Das Projekt "Investigation of the mesopheric OH-Layer via FT spectroscopy and mesospheric models, OHTEMP II" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Bremen, Institut für Umweltphysik durchgeführt. The mesosphere as the link between space and atmosphere poses still many open questions to atmospheric research. Its dynamics and chemistry influence the stratosphere above the polar caps via down transport in the polar winter. In the proposed work the mesospheric OH layer above Spitsbergen (79?N) will be studied. High spectral resolution measurements by FTS and high altitude resolution measurements by LIDAR will be combined to update and validate a deexcitation model. This is embedded into a mesospheric 2-D-model which will be enhanced and will be used to model the OH layer in the mesopause region, which is part of catalytic destruction chain for ozone. The consequences for mesospheric dynamics and chemistry will be investigated. The bandwidth and the resolution of the FT spectrometer is superior to other spectrometers used to measure OH emissions. The LIDAR provides a very good altitude resolution of the OH distribution. The combination of both measurements and the model will provide new insight into the mesopause region, especially its dynamics above the arctic region.
Das Projekt "MATRE - Modernizing Academic Teaching & Research Environment in Business & Economics at Lebanon and Syria" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Oldenburg, Fakultät II, Abteilung Wirtschaftsinformatik I , VLBA durchgeführt. This project contributes towards modernizing the higher education sector in LB/SY by supporting the 'Higher Education & Society' TEMPUS programme theme. This will be realized by establishing 2 centers for international quality research & sustainable curricula development in the Business, Economics & Management fields at MUBS (LB) & AIU (SY) to lead the research environment development in cooperation with LB/SY universities (LU&IUST), business representatives & similar centers in EU & neighboring countries. The specific objectives come in 4 main folds (research, teaching, knowledge triangle & policy related objectives): 1. To boost research environment & promote research culture at MUBS/AIU Faculties of Economics & other LB/SY business faculties & institution. This will be realized by capacity building & creating networks with EU counterparts for exchanging knowhow & good practices. 2. To promote modernization of curricula & teaching skills & methods in the field of Business, Economics & Management at MUBS/AIU & other LB/SY faculties in accordance with the EU experience by organizing related training courses & seminars. 3. To set & operate knowledge triangle (education, innovation, research) in LB/SY by engaging business sector representatives in project activities to facilitate the strategic linkage between research & industry current & future needs. 4. To propose policies & regulations in order to improve the research & teaching environment in the field in LB/SY. A wide range of outcomes & outputs will result from MATRE. The project produces the following principle outcomes/outputs: 1. A situational study of academic & research environment at MUBS/AIU. 2. The establishment of the centers. 3. Bonds strengthening & networks with LB/SY business & industry. 4. Preparing TOT & running training courses, reviewing & proposing the contents of new curricula. 5. Compiling & producing centers' resources & databases. 6. Suggesting a national policy paper & a plan for future centers' sustainability.
Das Projekt "Potential der Arzneipflanze Passiflora incarnata L. als Bodendeckerpflanze in Obstplantagen Nord-Thailands" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Fakultät III Agrarwissenschaften I, Institut für Pflanzenproduktion und Agrarökologie in den Tropen und Subtropen, Fachgebiet Biodiversität und Landrehabilitation in den Tropen und Subtropen durchgeführt. Erosion of the often uncovered soil is a major problem for the establishment of smallholder fruit tree plantations in North Thailand. The use of multi-purpose cover plants can not only conserve useful soil resources but also create further income for peasants. Dried plant material from the passion flower (Passiflora incarnata L.) is used for herbal tea and extracts to be used as sedativa. The species is widespread in the Southern USA. The drug is often produced based on wild collections and exported to Europe. In exploratory trials in Thailand passion flower showed a good drought resistance due to its deep rooting system, and a good resistance against weeds and diseases. The yield potential and the amounts of ingredients appear to be promising with regard for the adoption by farmers. The flavonoids in the passion flower are mostly flavone-C-glycosides and are used for characterisation of the drug. Quantitative studies of imported drug material showed large differences in quantities and types of the flavone-C-glycosides. The causes for these differences are still not understood. Not much is known about the effect of cultivation techniques, fertilizer, growth stage on the content of flavonoids. The objective of this project is to study the potential of the passion flower as a soil cover plant in smallholder fruit tree plantations in North Thailand. Factors to be monitored are the effects of fertilizer and growth stage at harvest on plant yield and components.
Das Projekt "Vermicomposting of brown water sludge using the Rottebehälter system as a component of ecological sanitation with urine diverting flush toilets" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Institut für Abwasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz B-2 durchgeführt. A research project has been initiated at the Hamburg University of Technology under the supervision of Prof Ralf Otterpohl, director of the institute of municipal and industrial wastewater management. This project has brought together the vermicomposting and the Rottebehälter technology, where worms has been applied to fresh brown water sludge in a pilot plant connected to the toilets in the university building. Flush toilets are in use with the system, for most ecosan applications urine sorting would be implemented. The disadvantages over dry systems is the water consumption and the pathogenic filtrate from the filter-units. However, there are very many situations around the world where dry systems are either not technically feasible, not accepted or difficult because of wet anal cleaning. It will be a good idea to combine with low-flush toilets. Originally Rottebehälter are meant to replace septic tanks and they are a good alternative avoiding methane emittions and poducing a much more usable material. With this system the water level loses 1,5 to 2 meters, making application more feasible in ground with a good gradient. Worm application will help to get to real composting over the idle phase, rather than the usual pre-composting. The first results with the collected still very wet blackwater were extremely successfull, the the worms have converted the the material into a moist earth-like material over a 3 months period without any additives. One or two further month will produce an excellent humus provided it will not become too dry. Temperatures should not be too low, the TUHH lab plant on technical scale opearates above 17 degree C. Different species are being currently researched in different temperatures. The combination of these two technologies has a very good potential to be applied in rural and peri-urban areas in both high and low income countries. Worms can also improve the performance of dry earth toilets and help sanitising.
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