Das Projekt "DE-LIGHT Transport" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Center of Maritime Technologies e.V. durchgeführt. DE-LIGHT Transport is a multi-national initiative supported by the European Commission's Framework 6 programme that is investigating the design and manufacturing of lightweight sandwich structures in the marine, rail and freight container industries. Sandwich materials, consisting of two thin facings separated by a low density core, can be used to produce structures that are both light and stiff. They also offer opportunities for parts reduction through design integration, improved surface finish and lower assembly and outfitting costs. DE-LIGHT Transport aims to further promote the use of sandwich materials by developing key technologies that will support the practical realisation of robust sandwich designs. Specifically, this will include: - A multi-material sandwich design tool. Previous work has often focussed on a particular type of sandwich construction (e.g. laser-welded steel or composite). This has tended to yield niche results with limited applicability. DE-LIGHT Transport will implement a more generic design approach that will allow the evaluation and optimisation of a wide range of material and structural mixes according to the requirements of a given application. - Strategies for joining, assembly and outfitting ? the bringing together and integration of separate sandwich panels and/or sub-components to produce finished structures. In particular, modular approaches for the off-line production of sandwich assemblies to exploit economies of scale will be developed. Testing and validation procedures ? to provide accurate and reliable methods of determining fitness for purpose. The above technologies will be demonstrated within the project through the design and manufacturing of six prototype structures. These will include deck and deckhouse structures for ships, a rail vehicle cab, and a freight container. Risk-based design principals will be applied throughout to ensure that the new designs comply with existing regulatory frameworks. It is anticipated that DE-LIGHT Transport will provide designers of vehicles and vessels with practical approaches to the implementation of sandwich solutions as an alternative to traditional stiffened-plate designs. In this way, the benefits of sandwich construction will be unlocked for a wider range of applications.
Das Projekt "Developing a model for sustainable water and waste management for rural areas in Bulgaria" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Institut für Abwasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz B-2 durchgeführt. The Municipalities of Stara Zagora and Varna will be the targets for a 2,5 year project by WECF and its NGO partners from Bulgaria and the Netherlands; the Earth Forever Foundation, the Institute of Ecological Modernization and WASTE and IRC Netherlands. The project receives financial support from the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs MATRA programme. The Institute of Wastewater Management (TUHH) is supporting this project with respect to the introduction of ecological sanitation and extensive wastewater treatment technologies like planted soil filters. Workshops are given and technical knowledge regarding the design, construction and operation of these facilities is provided. This will help to improve the current situation in the villages and will provide an example for further distribution of appropriate wastewater management in Bulgarian villages. Currently, only a very small part of the population is connected to a central sewer system, which discharges the wastewater without any further treatment into the environment. The remaining families are depending on outdoor pit latrines, soakaways and septic tanks which are very often subject to clogging. Thus, overflowing and discharging of wastewater onto streets is a very common problem.
Das Projekt "Towards improved properties of biodegradable polymers made from Sugar Cane, PLA" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Physik durchgeführt. In daily life, construction polymers play an important role. Most of products are not reusable for different reasons (cost, hygiene, ) so the need of an environment saving production and disposal is evident. To besides from the obvious task on saving resources and environment, there is also a growing economical interest in this issue. On of the most promising candidates for a thermoplastic construction polymer that can be manufactured from bio-renewable resources and is biodegradable is Polylactic acid (PLA), for which Corn starch (in the U.S.) or sugarcanes (rest of world) are the common feedstock. Polylactic acid can be processed like most thermoplastics into fiber (for example using conventional melt spinning processes) and film. However, the low glass transition temperature prohibits many applications, like usage for coffee cups that will simply soften and flow away upon filling with hot drinks. One popular option to cope with this is the modification with other polymers, either conventional product or even enantiomers of PLA itself. For example, the melting temperature can be increased 40-50 C and the Heat Deflection temperature of PLLA can be increased from approximately 60 C to up to 190 C for by physically blending the polymer with PDLA (poly-D-lactide). PDLA and PLLA are known to form a highly regular stereocomplex with increased crystallinity. The maximum effect in temperature stability is achieved when a 50-50 blend is used, but even at lower concentrations of 3-10Prozent of PDLA a substantial effect is achieved. In the latter case PDLA is used as a nucleating agent, thereby increasing the crystallization rate. Due to the higher crystallinity of this stereo-complex, the biodegradability will become slower. The interesting feature is that the polymer blend remains transparent, which is one to the desirable properties that must be kept upon modification.
Das Projekt "Bio-EtOH - Energy and Cost Reductions In Production of Fuel Ethanol from Biomass through Membrane Technology" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Dortmund, Lehrstuhl Fluidverfahrenstechnik durchgeführt. Bio-EtOH is a research project in the Sixth Framework Programme FP6 of the EU with eight different partners from 4 European countries. The objective of this project is the development of a sophisticated new process for bio-fuel ethanol production with significant reduced energy consumption and savings in construction and operation costs of ethanol dehydration by using Membrane Technologies.
Das Projekt "Electrification through Micro Hydro Power Sites in Rural Indonesia" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung e.V. RWI, Kompetenzbereich Umwelt und Ressourcen durchgeführt. While urban Indonesia is almost completely electrified, two-thirds of the rural population still lack access to electricity. In many cases, the mountainous rural areas are difficult to access and sparsely populated implying high investment costs for infrastructure extension. Against this background the German International Cooperation (GIZ) supports the implementation of micro hydro plants (MHP) in rural communities to supply the population with decentralized electricity. During its first project phase between 2006 and 2009, GIZ has supported the construction of 96 MHPs on two of the five main islands of Indonesia, Sulawesi and Sumatra. These activities have been funded as part of the Dutch-German Energy Partnership Energising Development (EnDev), an output-oriented programme that aims at providing modern energy to 6.1 million people in 21 countries. In a second project phase starting in 2010 (EnDev II), more than 200 micro-hydro schemes are planned to be supported. RWI has been assigned to assess the socio-economic impacts of electrification through MHP on household level through both a cross-sectional and a difference in differences approach. For this purpose, 800 households were interviewed in a first survey wave in September and November 2010. Half of them are located in 20 EnDev II villages that only got connected to an MHP after data collection. The remainder of the sample has already been using electricity at that time from a working micro hydro scheme supported within EnDev I. The second survey wave is scheduled for autumn 2012. The cross-sectional arm of the study allowed for gauging the impacts of the connection to an MHP already after the first wave at the end of 2010. For the electrified, hence, treated EnDev I households, comparable EnDev II households have been used as controls. Having follow-up data at hand at the end of 2012, difference in differences estimators can be applied to more rigorously assess the impacts of the connection to an MHP. In this approach, the EnDev I households already connected in 2010 and still connected in 2012 will serve as a reference group for the EnDev II households who got treated between the 2010 and 2012 survey. This prevents that changes induced by external influences (e.g. general economic development) are falsely ascribed to the treatment. For the reference group of EnDev II households it was found in 2010 that an important share already used 'pre-electrification' sources like generators or very simple traditional waterwheels - so called kincirs. The impact assessment will therefore not only illustrate the change from traditional energy sources like kerosene to electricity but also deliver impact findings on using a modern electricity source in comparison to pre-electrification sources that tend to be either costly and dirty (generators), or unstable and weak (kincir).
Das Projekt "Entwicklung und Bau eines Windkonverters mit horizontaler Achse fuer eine Synchrongeneratorleistung von 200 kW" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen durchgeführt. Umformen von Wind in Strom, volle Betriebssicherheit auch in extremen Wetterlagen, bedienungsfrei und wartungsarm, 20 Jahre Lebensdauer, hohe Laufruhe - Verfuegbarkeit - Wirtschaftlichkeit, fuer Einsatz auch in Entwicklungslaendern d.h. korrosionssichere Aussenhaut, dicht gegen Sand, Feuchte, Termiten. Rotorblaetter in Composit-Bauweise, d.h. duennschalig, frei stehender Mast, Getriebe, Generator im Turmfuss, selbstaufrichtend, daher leicht montierbar, versetzbar und gefahrlose Reparaturen moeglich, vormontierte Baugruppen, teilweise auch geeignet fuer nationale Fertigungen ins Ausland. Anlage arbeitet automatisch, kein Personal erforderlich, Service 1 x im Jahr, sie liefert entweder Strom ins Netz oder ist fuer Inselbetrieb geeignet z.B. fuer Bewaesserung, niedriges Leistungsgew., niedrige Investitions- und Betriebskosten.
Das Projekt "Sharing Experience On Risk Management (Health, Safety And Environment) To Design" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Magdeburg, Institut für Apparate und Umweltechnik durchgeführt. SHAPE-RISK aims at optimising the efficiency of integrated risk management in the context of the sustainable development of the European process industry. The proposal addresses sustainable waste management and hazard reduction in production, storage and manufacturing. The main deliverable of the SHAPE-RISK process will be recommendations to design future cleaner and safer industrial systems. These recommendations will be discussed and endorsed by the Industry. And finally an agenda of actions, approved by Industry, will be done. The goal is to support life-cycle safety and minimisation of accident, pollution and emissions, from the producer of raw materials to the end-product delivered by the industrial installation. In operational terms, SHAPE-RISK aims at structuring a network with the organisations providing technical support to the Authorities in charge of the SEVESO II, IPPC and ATEX directives. This network organised in a Co-ordination Action will interact with the other stakeholders: Industry, the Public, representatives of Communities, International Organisation and NGOs. In 3 years, the result of SHAPE-RISK will be an integrated approach of the different components of risk management and the optimisation of the resources devoted to risk control (environment protection and accident prevention). It will be achieved by enhancing synergy between European, national and regional programmes, and also by taking into account the needs of the pre-accession countries. SHAPE-RISK will result in the dissemination of knowledge and in the specification of research activities to address innovative breakthrough that will serve the construction of safer and cleaner industrial systems. SHAPE-RISK then contributes to the integration and reinforcement of the European Research Area in risk prevention.
Das Projekt "Bau der großen Windenergieanlage GROWIAN mit einer elektrischen Leistung von 3 MW" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Grosse Windenergieanlage Bau- und Betriebsgesellschaft durchgeführt. Sowohl die bisher gewonnenen Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen mit Windkonvertern kleinerer und mittlerer Leistungen im In- und Ausland als auch die Ergebnisse mehrerer dem Projekt GROWIAN vorausgegangener FE-Vorhaben ließen erkennen, dass ein (großtechnischer Versuch zur additiven Erzeugung von elektrischem Strom aus Windenergie mit Leistungen zwischen 2000 und 3000 kW als realisierbar einzuschätzen war. So wurde folgerichtig der Entschluss gefasst, das Projekt GROWIAN in einer Prototypanlage zu verwirklichen, auch wenn mit der vorgegebenen Bemessung -Turmhöhe 100m/Rotor Durchmesser, 100m/Nennleistung 3000 kW- diese Größenordnung derzeit ohne Vorbild war, sodass in vielen Fällen technisches Neuland betreten werden musste. Zielsetzung: Die Projektierung, Konstruktion, Errichtung und Erprobung sollen zur Verwirklichung der Einzelentwicklung von (Anlagekomponenten und -systemen durchgeführt werden. Die damit gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sollen neben der Feststellung der Bauaufwendungen die Beurteilung der Realisierbarkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit einer Stromerzeugung in großen Windenergieanlagen ermöglichen. Ergebnis: Ungeachtet der Frage der Lebensdauer und der festgestellten Bauaufwendungen hat die Anlage die in sie gesetzten Erwartungen voll erfüllt.
Das Projekt "Bau von zwei Windkraftanlagen AEROMAN 11/11 für Indonesien" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg, Bereich Neue Technologie durchgeführt. Das Vorhaben wurde im Rahmen der deutsch-indonesischen Kooperation auf dem Gebiet der wissenschaftlichen Forschung und technologischen Entwicklung durchgeführt. Hierbei sollte der indonesische Partner kurzfristig in den Bau moderner Windkraftanlagen eingearbeitet werden. Bei der Lieferung der beiden Anlagen stand die Nutzung der erzeugten Energie mit im Vordergrund. Es wurde ein Konzept für den Betrieb von Eiserzeugungsanlagen ohne Zwischenspeicherung der elektrischen Energie erstellt. Die Ergebnisse aus dem Testbetrieb zeigten, dass die realisierte Betriebskonzeption voll funktionstüchtig ist. Nach entsprechender Ausbildung war der indonesische Partner in der Lage, die Windkraftanlagen selbständig zu installieren.
Das Projekt "Stratospheric ozone: halogen impacts in a varying atmosphere (SHIVA)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Umweltphysik durchgeführt. Objective: SHIVA aims to reduce uncertainties in present and future stratospheric halogen loading and ozone depletion resulting from climate feedbacks between emissions and transport of ozone depleting substances (ODS). Of particular relevance will be studies of short and very short-lived substances (VSLS) with climate-sensitive natural emissions. We will perform field studies of ODS production, emission and transport in understudied, but critical, regions of the tropics using ship, aircraft and ground-based instrumentation. We will parameterize potential climate sensitivities of emissions based on inter-dependencies derived from our own field studies, and surveys of ongoing work in this area. We will study the chemical transformation of ODS during transport from the surface to the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), and in the stratosphere, using a combination of aircraft and balloon observations together with process-oriented meso-scale modelling. These investigations will be corroborated by space-based remote sensing of marine phytoplankton biomass as a possible proxy for the ocean-atmosphere flux of ODS. From this a systematic emission inventory of VSLS ODS will be established to allow construction of future-climate scenarios. The impact of climate-sensitive feedbacks between transport and the delivery of ODS to the stratosphere, and their lifetime within it, will be studied using tracer observations and modelling. Further global modelling will assess the contribution of all ODS, including VSLS (which have hitherto normally been excluded from such models) to past, present and future ozone loss. Here, the sensitivity of natural ODS emissions to climate change parameters will be used in combination with standard IPCC climate model scenarios in order to drive measurement-calibrated chemical transport model (CTM) simulations for present and future stratospheric ozone; to better predict the rate, timing and climate-sensitivity of ozone-layer recovery.
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