Gemeinsame Pressemitteilung von Umweltbundesamt und Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit Aber noch zu viel Bioabfall und Wertstoffe im Hausmüll In Deutschland fällt derzeit noch rund halb so viel Restmüll an wie vor 35 Jahren, verglichen mit den alten Bundesländern. Das zeigt eine aktuelle Analyse von Siedlungsrestabfällen in Deutschland für das Umweltbundesamt. Die letzte solche Erhebung war 1985 erstellt worden. Viel mehr Wertstoffe wie Glas, Papier und Plastik werden heute getrennt gesammelt. Dennoch enden noch immer viele Wertstoffe in der Restmülltonne, obwohl sie dort nicht hingehören. Bioabfälle machen mit durchschnittlich 39 Prozent den größten Teil davon aus. In städtischen Regionen enthalten die Tonnen insgesamt mehr Restmüll und auch mehr Wertstoffe als in ländlichen Gebieten und Vororten. Umweltstaatssekretär Jochen Flasbarth: „Die Umweltpolitik hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten bei der Abfallverwertung einiges bewegt, aber wir sind noch längst nicht am Ende dieses langen Weges. Es gibt noch viel zu tun. Immer noch landen wertvolle Rohstoffe in der Restmülltonne. Um das zu ändern, muss das Trennen noch leichter werden. Unser Ziel ist eine echte Kreislaufwirtschaft, in der kaum noch Restmüll anfällt und die Rohstoffe wiederverwendet werden.“ UBA -Präsident Dirk Messner: „Es fällt noch immer zu viel Restmüll an. Die Abfallvermeidung hat die höchste Priorität in der Abfallhierarchie. Mehr Mehrweg statt Einweg und klare Vorgaben für Einwegprodukte und -verpackungen, wie sie in der Einwegkunststoffrichtlinie vorgelegt werden, sind hier ein richtiger Weg. Bioabfall ist für die Restmülltonne viel zu kostbar, denn er lässt sich vollständig recyceln und liefert den Grundstoff für Kompost und Biogas.“ Insgesamt fielen im Jahr 2018 in Deutschland 128 Kilogramm Restmüll pro Einwohner und Jahr an. Das ist ein Rückgang von rund 46 Prozent im Vergleich zu 1985 (239 Kilogramm Restmüll pro Einwohner und Jahr). Altpapier, Altglas, Metalle und Kunststoffen landen deutlich seltener in der Restmülltonne als damals, hier sind Rückgänge von bis zu 80 Prozent zu verzeichnen. Ein Drittel aller Bioabfälle werden noch immer über den Hausmüll entsorgt. Mit rund 39 Prozent besteht der größte Teil des Restmülltonneninhalts aus Bioabfällen. Dazu gehören Küchen- und Nahrungsabfälle, Gartenabfälle, sonstige organische Abfälle wie Kleintierstreu aus Stroh/Heu sowie gefüllte oder teilentleerte Lebensmittelverpackungen. Die wichtigsten Bioabfälle in Hinblick auf eine Verwertung sind die Nahrungs-, Küchen- und Gartenabfälle mit einer jährlichen Menge von rund drei Millionen Tonnen. Die so genannten trockenen Wertstoffe haben einen Anteil von rund 27 Prozent. Dazu zählen zum Beispiel Altpapier, Altglas, Kunststoffe, Alttextilien, Holz, Kork und Elektroaltgeräte. Nur 32 Prozent dessen, was tatsächlich in der Restmülltonne landet, gehört auch in die Restmülltonne. Dazu zählen Hygieneprodukte, sonstige Abfälle (z. B. Staubsaugerbeutel) und Feinmüll (z.B. Kehricht und Asche). Problemabfälle kommen zu einem geringen Anteil von rund 0,5 Prozent vor. Dies sind schadstoffhaltige Abfälle wie Lösemittel, Energiesparlampen, belastete Bauabfälle sowie Altbatterien und -akkus. Letztere kommen in über 60 Prozent der analysierten Abfallstichproben vor, obwohl sie verpflichtend getrennt gesammelt werden müssen.
Electricity generation is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in many countries. Most emissions trading systems (ETS) therefore address emissions from electricity generation. The de-sign of an ETS and the structure and regulation of the electricity sector have a large impact on the environmental effectiveness and the quality of the carbon price signal. This report analyses the interaction of carbon and electricity markets in two pilot systems in China: Hubei and Shenzhen. The two pilot systems have adopted very different design features due to the specific local circum-stances. Due to strong government regulation of China’s electricity sector, carbon pricing has played a very limited role in driving low carbon investments. A more market-oriented electricity trading market and deregulation of electricity pricing for certain end-users seems necessary for an effective ETS in China. However, this will depend on the political acceptability of electricity price increases resulting from a strong carbon price signal. This case study is part of the project “Influence of market structures and market regulation on the carbon market” that aims to identify the impact of market structures and regulations on carbon markets and to investigate the interdependencies between carbon and energy markets in Europe, California, China, South Korea, and Mexico. Veröffentlicht in Climate Change | 37/2021.
Electricity generation is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in many countries. Most emissions trading systems (ETS) therefore address emissions from electricity generation. The de-sign of an ETS and the structure and regulation of the electricity sector have a large impact on the environmental effectiveness and the quality of the carbon price signal. This report analyses the potential interaction of carbon and electricity markets in Mexico. The Mexican ETS started as pilot scheme in 2020 with the aim to gather experience in the implementation of an ETS without having impacts on the economy. Due to this, no carbon price has been established yet and the political uncertainty about future climate and energy policy is high. While it is unlikely that the trading sys-tem will have a noticeable impact in the short term on demand, supply, or investments, a carbon price has the potential to spur renewable energy growth under an appropriate electricity market regulation. The potential for short-term fuel switching is low, as natural gas is already the cheapest fossil fuel in the merit order. This case study is part of the project “Influence of market structures and market regulation on the carbon market” that aims to identify the impact of market structures and regulations on carbon markets and to investigate the interdependencies between carbon and energy markets in Europe, California, China, South Korea, and Mexico. Veröffentlicht in Climate Change.
Electricity generation is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in many countries. Most emissions trading systems (ETS) therefore address emissions from electricity generation. The design of an ETS and the structure and regulation of the electricity sector have a large impact on the environmental effectiveness and the quality of the carbon price signal. This report analyses the interaction of carbon and electricity markets in Poland and Germany. In a largely liberalised market, especially the capacity mix, the age of the fleet and the design of complementary policies determine the impact of the ETS on abatement in the power sector, which is therefore different in both countries. This case study is part of the project “Influence of market structures and market regulation on the carbon market” that aims to identify the impact of market structures and regulations on carbon markets and to investigate the interdependencies between carbon and energy markets in Europe, California, China, South Korea, and Mexico. Veröffentlicht in Climate Change | 48/2020.
Electricity generation is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in many countries. Most emissions trading systems (ETS) therefore address emissions from electricity generation. The de-sign of an ETS and the structure and regulation of the electricity sector have a large impact on the environmental effectiveness and the quality of the carbon price signal. This report analyses the interaction of carbon and electricity markets in the Republic of Korea. Since its launch in 2015, the K-ETS has evolved into one of the country’s principle mechanisms for achieving its emission reduction target. Regulatory reform in the carbon and the electricity market has a large potential for acceler-ating emission reductions through the ETS and could set an example for countries considering in-troducing carbon pricing policies to advance decarbonisation in regulated electricity sectors. This case study is part of the project “Influence of market structures and market regulation on the carbon market” that aims to identify the impact of market structures and regulations on carbon markets and to investigate the interdependencies between carbon and energy markets in Europe, California, China, South Korea, and Mexico. Veröffentlicht in Climate Change | 36/2021.
Electricity generation is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in many countries. Most emissions trading systems (ETS) therefore capture emissions from electricity generation. The design of an ETS and the structure and regulation of the electricity sector have a major impact on the environmental effectiveness and quality of the carbon price signal. This project identified the impact of market structures and regulations on the carbon market and examined the interdependencies between carbon and electricity markets through 5 case studies in Europe (Germany/Poland), California, China (Hubei/Shenzhen), South Korea, and Mexico. Veröffentlicht in Climate Change | 06/2022.
The present study is a contribution to the linking discussion of emissions trading systems. Between 2012 and 2016, the comparability of monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of established emissions trading systems, carbon tax systems and pure monitoring systems was analysed, inter alia based on the California Cap-and-Trade Program, Target Management System / Korea ETS, Shanghai-ETS, Carbon Pricing Mechanism Australia and the European Emissions Trading System. The approaches formulated for evaluating MRV systems are based on the general reporting principles of transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness and accuracy in order to maintain the robustness and integrity of the data in a common market. Veröffentlicht in Climate Change | 18/2020.
Electricity generation is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in many countries. Most emissions trading systems (ETS) therefore address emissions from electricity generation. The de-sign of an ETS and the structure and regulation of the electricity sector have a large impact on the environmental effectiveness and the quality of the carbon price signal. This report analyses the interaction of carbon and electricity markets in California. The price in the Californian ETS is largely determined by the floor price. Its impact on the electricity sector is limited because of a monolithic capacity mix and stringent complementary policies. This case study is part of the project “Influence of market structures and market regulation on the carbon market” that aims to identify the impact of market structures and regulations on carbon markets and to investigate the interdependencies between carbon and energy markets in Europe, California, China, South Korea, and Mexico. Veröffentlicht in Climate Change | 49/2020.
The brochure describes ways to increase resource efficiency and presents approaches to policies and trends in nine countries. The summary is based on the results of the research project " Monitoring international resource policy", which was carried out between 2016 and 2019 under the direction of the ifeu - Institute for Energy and Environmental Research Heidelberg GmbH on behalf of the German Environment Agency. The thematic focus is on activities in the areas of production, consumption as well as waste and recycling management. The countries examined include Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, South Korea and the United States. All countries pursue approaches to resource efficiency that differ in terms of priorities and funding instruments. Veröffentlicht in Broschüren.
This report provides an overview of current activities regarding climate change mitigation in six emerging economies: Brazil, China, India, Mexico, South Africa and South Korea. We cover the institutional set up, measurement, reporting and verification systems for greenhouse gases and mitigation policies and measures. The analysis also addresses existing barriers to mitigation and considers where the international community could provide support to remove these. Veröffentlicht in Climate Change | 19/2013.
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