Das Projekt "250-KW-Windturbine fuer Husum" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Husumer Schiffswerft durchgeführt. Objective: To achieve maximum use of wind energy and to gain experience by the construction of a 250 kW wind turbine at Husumer Schiffswerft. General Information: A 3 bladed, 25 m diameter, 250 kW wind turbine has been constructed by Husumer Schiffswerft and will be installed near the factory. The energy generated is fed into the factory grid; possible surplus is returned to the grid. The construction in modules aiming to obtain maximum capacity is innovative, as well as the single bearing basement of the nacelle. Furthermore, universal rotor hub allowing the installation of fixed pitch and variable pitch blades with improved blade-flange and blade-surface. The estimated annual yield at the site of installation is 500 MWh/yr which yields to a cost of energy generated of about 0,123DM/kWh. Payback time is estimated to 11 years which is expected to be reduced at about 5 years when the machine will be produced in series. Achievements: Machine installed on the 25.03.88. Continuous unmanned operation up to date considered as very successful. The measurement data acquisition system has regularly recorded the operating data and electricity outputs. The plant runs perfectly on automatic and feeds its energy into the grid. In 1989 the HSW-250 produced 361 MWH of electricity, operating 5616 h, with a mean annual wind speed of 5.1 m/s. Some changes have been made to the production machines as a result of experience with the prototype. Tip breaks are no longer used because of the noise the generate. Emphasis paid to the inclusion of a 'soft start' system. Over 100 machines have been built, derived directly from the prototype funded by this project, very high level of replication. A 750 kw W.T. was also developed along similar lines.
Das Projekt "PV-H2-Boot Solgenia" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Hochschule Konstanz Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung, HTGW, Institut für Angewandte Forschung , Energiewandlung in Solarsystemen (IAF,EWIS) durchgeführt. 1. Introduction: In view of the increasing problem of energy supply, the University of Applied Sciences Konstanz developed a research boat powered by photovoltaic and fuel cells. The core question of the research project is, if such a combination represents a viable option for recreational and commercial boating. To answer this question, long-time performance-studies of each component by itself and in combination with others in marine environment are necessary. An Information-Management-System (IMS) interfacing to about ninety parameters was developed, providing the basis for analysis. 2. Energy Supply System: The energy supply system consists of two energy conversion units (PV-generator and fuel cell) and two energy storage units (battery and hydrogen tank). A DC/AC-inverter together with an asynchronous motor converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy for the propeller. The voltages between the three fuel cell modules as well as the PV-generator and the battery are adjusted by DC/DC-converters (see figure 1). The hydrogen will be provided by an electrolysis unit within the laboratory driven by a PV-generator and stored on land. One of the research aims is to adapt the hydrogen production depending on solar radiation to the hydrogen demand by the stationary fuel cells (in the laboratory) and the mobile fuel cells (in the boat). 3. Information management system (IMS): The requirements which the IMS has to fulfil are quite complex: 1. a real-time control-system has to operate the boat and process the parameters, 2. a graphical user interface has to provide meaningful and clear information for skipper as well as service and scientist, 3.measured data has to be periodically transmitted to a data bank at the institute for further processing. Use of the Internet gives independence of location. 4. Energy management: Energy management is one of the main tasks of the IMS. One of the research aims is to develop and optimize the management rules. The energy system itself consists of one controllable (fuel cell) and one not controllable energy converter (PV-generator) as well as of two energy storage devices (battery and H2-tank). Parameters affecting the energy management are among others: speed of boat, distance to travel, battery capacity and solar radiation. These parameters are either measured directly or calculated by the IMS. The Solgenia additionally will be used as laboratory unit in teaching: The students shall become familiar with the fundamental problems of managing renewable energies. 5. Graphical user interface: An industrial touch panel PC serves as man-machine-interface. The graphical user interface was divided into two basic groups: skipper and service/scientist. The menu for the latter group was protected by password to prevent an inexperienced skipper from creating any mischief. etc.
Das Projekt "Lightning protection of wind turbines" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Tacke Windtechnik GmbH & Co KG durchgeführt. General Information/Objectives: It may be shown that lightning strikes are the cause of a disproportionately large loss of kWh generation. Consequently the objectives of the project are the investigation and the development of a general methodology for the protection of wind turbine generator systems from lightning strikes. The project will provide practical assistance and guidance to the designers and operators of wind turbines to put in place cost-effective lightning protection systems providing a to-be-determined level of protection so that the effects of lightning can be minimised. Experimental work will examine the effect of lightning on blades and bearings. Various protection measures will be assessed. Computer analysis and simulation will be used to investigate induced voltages in control circuits and to model the response of wind farm earthing systems to lightning. Technical Approach The project will consist of a number of phases. - Recorded strike data will be collated by a questionnaire survey and a document search from published data. - Estimates will be made of the level of protection required for different geographical locations using available data. - Testing will be used to estimate the susceptibility of blade structures to lightning damage and to investigate the effects of lightning strikes on the rotating bearings in the wind turbine drive train. - The guidelines of existing good lightning protection practice will be reviewed for their relevance to wind turbines and wind farms. Case studies will be made of existing wind turbine nacelle and tower designs to demonstrate the likely distribution of severe strike current and the consequent effects in generating induced voltages in wiring. - An analysis of the problem of maintaining the safety of the operators on wind farm sites will be made to establish the scale of the hazard. - The response of wind farm earthing to lightning will be investigated using computer simulation. - A best practice guide will enable designers to assess the risk from lightning arising from their design, manufacture and sitting of their turbines and assist them in appropriate protection measures. Expected Achievements and Exploitation A designers guide will be made available to European industry so that wind turbines and wind farms are designed and constructed with a level of protection that makes the risk of lightning strikes acceptable. The research carried out in the project will be included to illustrate the philosophy used in determining the recommendations made: - Support the move toward the increase in size of wind turbines. - Reduction in power losses due to lightning strikes. - Improved public perception of wind energy. - Increased utilisation of wind energy within the EU resulting in reduced fossil-fuel emissions. Prime Contractor: Birtley Engineering Ltd.; Southampton; United Kingdom.
Das Projekt "Low-pressure turbines and control equipment for wave energy converters" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Ossberger-Turbinenfabrik GmbH & Co. durchgeführt. General Information: The intended research project will develop and test low pressure water turbines suitable for use in offshore wave energy converters (WEC). The turbines and the electric/hydraulic control systems will be optimised for use in the Wave Dragon - a 4 MW offshore WEC of the slack moored run-up type. Wave Dragon developed by the prime proposal, and the international patent application for this WEC were published in 1996. Low pressure turbines like the Ossberger cross-flow type and the Kaplan-propeller types have been commercial for a long time The existing turbines and the control equipment are nevertheless not suitable for use in WEC's, as pressure and water flow are strongly and rapidly fluctuating in offshore WEC's. The project will use computer modelling and large scale tank test of a simplified model of the Wave Dragon with working scale model turbines on board. These tests will be conducted at and by the Danish Maritime Institute. Development of turbines suitable for WEC's is a necessary step in the process of commercialising big offshore renewable energy plants like the Wave Dragon and thereby harness the vast energy resources in the European waters and in the oceans many places in the world, where the average power levels is high. Values of 70 kW wave-power pr. meter is not unusual. Prime Contractor: Löwenmark Consulting Engineers, F.R.I. by E. Friis-Madsen Aps; Copenhagen; Denmark.
Der Antrag auf Erteilung einer Änderungsgenehmigung umfasst die Errichtung und den Betrieb eines neuen Schmelz- und Gießofens („6n“) als Ersatz des bisherigen Ofen 6 inkl. Kipphydraulik mit induktivem Metallrührer und festem Impeller zur Flüssigmetallbehandlung.
Das Projekt "Two blade propeller turbine suspended under a barge using kinetic energy of river flows" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Bodan-Werft Metallbau durchgeführt. Objective: To demonstrate how a two bladed propellor turbine suspended under a barge can exploit the kinetic energy of a river to produce electricity. General Information: The barge will be moored in the river and the kinetic energy of the river used to drive the propellor turbine, thus eliminating the need for expensive civil works. It is expected that the main application would be to supply local communities not connected to the national grid system, particularly in developing countries. A further advantage of the scheme is that, unlike conventional hydro systems, it can be very easily replicated. Initially a suction tube to concentrate water flow was envisaged, but this has now been omitted as it became apparent that it was only of advantage in very deep rivers. Suitable control mechanisms are being investigated to match the requirement for constant generator speed to variable river flow rates. Head 0 metres River velocity 2-3 m/second Turbine propellor (1. 44 metres diameter) Turbine power 40 kW Generator synchronous End-use isolated system Achievements: The apparatus proved very successful concerning manufacture, transport, sea-going quality (local velocity of current up to 4 m/s were tested). stability with propeller swung up. Propeller support with lifting device and foundations for gears and generator. The two-bladed propeller could cope well with stripping off driftage. The chain (L approx. 2,8 m) is extremely suitable for the transmission of the high torque and can be adapted to suit power output. Fluctuations during the turning moment probably caused by vibrations of the chain can be reduced by baffle rods. Presumably turbulences around the 'suction pipe' contribute to the fluctuations. These turbulences could possibly be avoided or at least reduced by the profiling of the 'suction pipe' on the descending current side. By means of the demonstration model it can be proved that, in principle, the system functions. In case of a series production the control system must be improved appropriately. The turning moments left of the optimum of the moment curves, plotted against the rotations per minute, could not be determined, as the propeller dragged in the optimum area and either came to a stand-still or operated right of the optimum. Operation costs were estimated at approx. 7,5 per cent of the investment expenses, whereby it was assumed that paint work would have to be done every 3-4 years. The operation expenses could be brought down under good water conditions. The efficiency of the propeller could be maintained by regular cleaning. (Slight roughness caused by marine fouling causes a loss of up to 20 per cent). Whereas the entire floating body and the main parts of the machinery and the transmission have been developed for quantity production, the control system must still be further developed in this respect. The presumable service life is estimated to be approx. 15 years. The power output depends very strongly upon the flow...
Das Projekt "Laermerzeugung von Propellern und Rotoren" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke Fokker durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "Vorhaben: Erweiterter Entwurf durch die Verbindung von hybriden CFD-Methoden mit FEM (hyProp)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Mecklenburger Metallguss GmbH durchgeführt. Lieferanten für Schiffsantriebe müssen ihre Produkte präzise und zuverlässig entwerfen. Größere Entwurfspräzision ermöglicht geringere Sicherheitsmargen, damit weniger Materialeinsatz und günstigere Fertigungsverfahren. Dies stellt die verwendeten Methoden immer wieder vor neue Herausforderungen. Letztendlich werden die Produkte kostengünstiger, wettbewerbsfähiger und ressourcenschonender. Für den Entwurf von Schiffsantrieben ist mittlerweile das numerische RANSE-Verfahren zur Strömungssimulation etabliert. Dieses Verfahren liefert für integrale Größen wie Widerstand, Schub und Drehmoment häufig hinreichend genaue Ergebnisse. Bei der Betrachtung von wirbelartigen Strukturen sind diese jedoch tendenziell ungenau. Dies trifft insbesondere auf Ablösebereiche der Strömung und Nachstromfelder zu, welche nach heutigem Stand der Technik nur sehr ungenau experimentell oder numerisch vorhergesagt werden können. Diese instationären Effekte führen zu Vibration und erhöhten Belastungen an Lagern der Propellerwelle, sowie der strukturellen Anbindung der ESDs an das Schiff/den Propellern. Im ungünstigsten Fall führt dies zum Versagen von Bauteilen. In dem Vorhaben hyProp sollen hybride Methoden der Strömungssimulation genutzt werden um wirbelbehaftete Strukturen in der Strömung zeitaufgelöst abbilden zu können. Unter hybrider Strömungssimulation wird eine Kopplung von LES und RANSE-Verfahren verstanden. Die CFFD-Berechnungen werden mit Hilfe von Modellversuchsergebnissen validiert. Die aus den Verfahren resultierenden zeitabhängigen hydrodynamischen Kräfte und Lasten auf das Bauteil werden genutzt um diese Produkte konstruktiv und hydrodynamisch zu verbessern. Hierzu kommen insbesondere FEM-Berechnungen zum Einsatz.
Das Projekt "Untersuchung ueber die Wirksamkeit des O2-Eintrages in oberirdische Gewaesser durch Zugabe von Luft in den Abstrom von Schiffspropellern" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Duisburg, Versuchsanstalt für Binnenschiffbau durchgeführt. Sauerstoffanreicherung durch Einblasen atmosph. Luft in den Propellerabstrom. Ziel: Sicherstellung eines Mindestsauerstoffgehalts stark belasteter Fluesse. Zunaechst Modellversuche. Hier: Versuche im halbtechnischen Massstab, Propeller in Duese mit Strahlmischring, laufende Messung der Sauerstoffkonzentration im gesamten Tankwasser (ca. 2.500 m3) der VBD.
Das Projekt "Investigation of serrated trailing edge noise" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Computeranwendungen III durchgeführt. General Information/Objectives: The objective of the project is the reduction of the noise emitted by a horizontal axis wind turbine by the application of serrated trailing edges. The most dominant aero acoustic noise sources, the trailing-edge noise and the tip noise are to be tackled and reduced as far as possible. It has been proven from wind tunnel experiments within a Dutch TWIN-project that in the 2d-case a reduction of up to 6 dB(A) can be achieved by the application of saw teeth. In an EU-project on tip noise it has been shown that the noise emission strongly depends on details of the flow and, therefore, the 2d-results cannot be transferred straight away to full-scale blades. At present no theoretical predictions or experimental data are available on saw tooth trailing edge noise for 3d-flow. The STENO project wants to close this gap. Technical Approach Since most of the aero acoustic noise emanates from the tip region - here representing the outer 15 per cent of the blade - the noise-reducing means should be applied there. With a special blade tip (supplied by Aerpac) measurements will be performed in anechoic and low-speed wind tunnels at NLR, both to find the aerodynamic input parameters needed for a semi-empirical noise prediction method and to measure the actually generated noise to be compared with the predicted one. With these results, an existing 2d-model for noise emission from serrated trailing edges will be extended at TNO/TPD to and validated for the case of 3d-flow in the blade tip region. It will then be used to lay out the optimum serration geometry for the full scale UNIWEX tips. It is planned to investigate three different tips experimentally on the two-bladed 16m UNIWEX turbine of the ICA/Uni Stuttgart. Operational, structural and acoustic data will be collected, the latter by ECN applying a proven far-field method. These results will lead to a quantitative ranking of the different tips and the prediction method. After possible modifications of the tips and/or selection of differing test parameters, a second round of experiments will be conducted. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The project proposed will assess the noise reduction potential of saw tooth trailing edges for full-scale wind turbines and will provide a semi-empirical prediction method which could be applied to the acoustically most interesting blade tips with 3d-flow. Up to now this method is only applicable to the more inboard blade sections with practically 2d-flow. This will allow the design of quieter wind turbines - 3dB(A) less if the 2d results of the TWIN project can be achieved for the 3d-flow as well - or even cheap retrofits for existing turbines. ... Prime Contractor: Universität Stuttgart, Fakultät 14, Informatik, Institut für Computeranwendungen; Stuttgart; Germany.
| Origin | Count |
|---|---|
| Bund | 140 |
| Land | 3 |
| Type | Count |
|---|---|
| Förderprogramm | 127 |
| Text | 12 |
| Umweltprüfung | 1 |
| unbekannt | 3 |
| License | Count |
|---|---|
| closed | 5 |
| open | 138 |
| Language | Count |
|---|---|
| Deutsch | 143 |
| Englisch | 21 |
| Resource type | Count |
|---|---|
| Bild | 1 |
| Dokument | 1 |
| Keine | 123 |
| Webseite | 18 |
| Topic | Count |
|---|---|
| Boden | 75 |
| Lebewesen & Lebensräume | 76 |
| Luft | 126 |
| Mensch & Umwelt | 143 |
| Wasser | 81 |
| Weitere | 134 |