Am 25. August fand die erste offizielle Jungfernfahrt der MS innogy auf dem Baldeneysee in Essen statt. Die MS innogy, ein gemeinsames Projekt der Grünen Hauptstadt Europas – Essen 2017 und ihres Hauptsponsors innogy SE, ist das deutschlandweit erste Fahrgastschiff, das mit einer Methanol-Brennstoffzelle angetrieben wird. Das 2006 gebaute Fahrgastschiff stammt aus der Nähe von Lübeck und fuhr konventionell mit Dieselmotor über die Ratzeburger Seen. Im März 2017 wurde es in der Lux-Werft in Mondorf am Rhein technisch umgerüstet. Direkt am Baldeneysee wird Methanol im innogy-Besucherpavillon erzeugt. Eine Anlage filtert dort Kohlendioxid aus der Luft und wandelt es mithilfe von Strom und Wasser zu Methanol um. Die Brennstoffzelle auf dem Schiff nutzt dann das Methanol zur Stromerzeugung: Sie speist einen Elektromotor. Das Verfahren ist CO2-neutral, denn der Schiffsmotor setzt exakt so viel CO2 frei, wie zuvor für die Methanol-Herstellung aus der Luft gefiltert wurde. Und sollte der Methanol-Antrieb, der sich noch in der Testphase befindet, während der Fahrt ausfallen, übernimmt ein Dieselmotor neuester Generation und mit modernster Filtertechnik dessen Aufgabe.
Das Projekt "Direct methanol fuel cell: system development and a stack construction" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Siemens AG durchgeführt. General Information/Objectives: The Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) is an electrochemical power source based on a simple principle but which is difficult to realise as a commercial power generator. The objectives of the project are the evaluation of a multi-celled direct methanol fuel cell system and a subsequent development of a fuel cell in the kW power range. Further, the aim is to develop a process which would render a uniform and reproducible manufacturing process of large membrane/electrode units possible. Cost reduction and economical performance of the stack will also be a key point. Technical Approach In pursuing the goal, the combined effort on the development of catalysts, membrane/electrode units and system/stacks will concentrate on seeking new constructional and functional materials, especially catalysts for the anode and cathode with low loadings of noble metals and optimised membrane/electrode assemblies. This will be achieved by the development of specifically tailored types of carbon supported Pt/Ru base anode catalysts for increased activity for the methanol electro-oxidation, and cathode catalysts for oxygen reduction which are more tolerant to the presence of methanol arising from permeation through the membrane electrolyte. These aspects in turn will serve to optimise the membrane/electrode units by taking into account the electrode structure and the catalyst utilisation, and ultimately to scale-up of assembly fabrication. The process management would depend on the nature of operation and the resulting cell reactions. So a multi-celled battery will be constructed and put on trial under different operational conditions to verify the performance, process control and regulation. The trial will also lead to the choice of suitable constructional materials. Based on the experience gained, an optimal system will be adapted for the cell design in constructing and testing a 1 kW demonstrator stack. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The actual focus is on the development of power sources for electric vehicles and on the cogeneration of heat and power. It fits also in the central strategy to investigate new traffic systems and also new energy supply systems for decentralised and mobile applications. The evaluation of new technologies, which are more efficient and less polluting to the environment, is an essential task for the future energy supply. Solid Polymer Fuel Cells are favourite candidates for it. However, in a first step it has to be ascertained whether the DMFC can fulfil the technical and cost requirements of the different commercial applications. The main expected achievement of this project is to confirm this on an experimental basis. A DMFC suitable for the propulsion of electric vehicles is obviously viewed as an attractive market for Siemens. For Johnson Matthey the optimisation and scale up of catalysts will ensure a market. Other possible markets within the range of the company's activities will also be evaluated
Das Projekt "Development of ceramic oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for power" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Siemens AG durchgeführt. Objective: Design concept and development of a large surfaced sofc consisting of a yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte with electrodes on both sides and a corrugated structured bipolar plate. Because of using a metallic bipolar plate (which has to ensure besides the cells connection also the transport and distribution of gases) the cell operating temperature should be 900-950 celsius degree. The electrode material will also be suited to this temperature range. General information: within the contract en3e-0180-uk managed by imperial college and entitled 'fabrication and evaluation of small (100w) sofc reactors', sofc stocks will be built up and tested. The main differences (cell construction operating temperature, material of bipolar plate, test conditions) between the Siemens and the IC. Contracts are well defined. This work programme includes the development of a new corrugated structured sofc from the concept up to the test of one single or several cells. Main points are the preparation of thin, solid and mechanic stable electrolyte foils, the optimization of electrodes with respect to conductivity and pore structure (adaptation to the relative low temperature range of 900 - 950 celsius degrees) and the development of a bipolar plate, which ensures the mechanical stability of the electrolyte and the gas distribution. A wide-spread technical knowledge in the field of electro ceramics, bonding technique and electrochemics is available at Siemens. In addition all essential equipment and tools for preparation of defined porous structures etc. And for the analysis and characterization of materials are existing. Achievements: Siemens is proposing a new planar concept with metal separator plate for the ceramic oxide fuel cell (SOFC) reactor. Main goal of the preparation phase was the development of single SOFC cells with internationally comparable power data. The development of the ceramic compounds and the metal separator plate for the planar Siemens SOFC concept can be summarized as follows: manufacture of electrolyte bulk material by the mixed oxide process as well as from chemically prepared YSZ materials (FSZ and PSZ); physicochemical characterization of these electrolyte specimens; sintering studies with various tape casted electrolyte materials; development of a sintering process for a flat plate electrolyte with dimensions 100 x 100 x 0.15 mm(3); manufacture of cathode bulk material in the system La(1-u)Sr(u)Mn(1-x)Co(x)Mn03 by the mixed oxide process; physicochemical characterization of these cathode specimens; manufacture of anode bulk material of 10 to 100 per cent nickel content by the mixed oxide process; physicochemical characterization of these anode specimens; development of a screen printing technique for electrodes; manufacture of ceramic trilayers by tape casting screen printing; design and construction of a bench cell testing facility; bench cell testing of ceramic trilayers with various anode compositions; selection of ...
Das Projekt "Nanostructured carbon-supported bimetal catalysts for the oxygen reduction at the H2-PEMFC and DMFC" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von DECHEMA Forschungsinstitut Stiftung bürgerlichen Rechts durchgeführt. Background: Fuel cells are usually classified into working temperature categories. High temperature fuel cells (HTFC), such as the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) or the Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) are working in a temperature range of 600-950°C that allows a sufficient conductivity of the electrolyte. State of the art HTFCs have already shown high cell efficiency up to 60%. Low temperature fuel cells (LTFC) are mostly equipped with a polymer membrane such as Nafion whose conductivity depends on the presence of water molecules. Therefore, their working temperatures are usually limited to 80-90°C. With exception of MCFC that is specially designed for stationary electricity plans, both, high and low temperature fuel cells are planned to be used in a foreseeable future as energy converter for stationary and automotive applications. In the case of the LTFC, however, more robust systems and especially, more stable polymer membranes than PBI-based ones, which are still sensitive to cold starting processes that are able to work at 100-150°C are needed. Higher working temperatures mean higher efficiency of the catalysts, lower electrolyte resistances and as a consequence higher cell performances. These depend not only on the working temperature, kind of catalyst and membrane, but also on the purity of the fuel and its distribution within the diffusion and reaction layers and also on the evacuation of the reaction products, which can lead to catalyst poisoning and electrode flooding, respectively. The latter depends on the morphology and properties inherent to the diffusion and reaction layers, such as catalyst loading, porosity, hydrophobicity, thickness and additionally on the compression forces within the stack. For these reasons, the design of the membrane-electrodes assembly (MEA) remains a very important step within the fuel cell concept. One distinguishes two strategies: the most common one consists on coating the electrodes with the diffusion and reaction layers (CCE) and finally press them together with the membrane to a MEA. The second one aims to directly coat the membrane with the reaction and diffusion layer inks or pastes (CCM).
Das Projekt "Teilvorhaben: Entwicklung von Low-cost DMFC MEAs" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von FuMA-Tech Gesellschaft für funktionelle Membranen und Anlagentechnologie mbH durchgeführt. FuMA-Tech entwickelt für myPOWER eine neue Beschichtungstechnik für Membran-Elektroden-Einheiten mit reduzierter Katalysatorbeladung und damit niedrigeren Kosten sowie eine zuverlässige und preisgünstigere Produktionstechnik. Ziel ist eine Leistungsdichte größer 60 mW/cm2 bei 0,4 V und kleiner 80 Grad C bei atmosphärischem Druck. Mit einer geeigneten Auswahl der am Markt verfügbaren DMFC Katalysatoren werden für Spritz, Rakel und Siebdrucktechnik taugliche Formulierungen hergestellt, um DMFC-MEAs auf hierfür eigens angefertigten Membranen unter produktionstauglichen Bedingungen herzustellen. Die industriellen Konsortialpartner stellen bereits eine geschlossene Verwertungskette dar. Produktvision ist ein mobiler Stromerzeuger für Anwendungen in der Servicerobotik und autonomen Systemen. Ein Massenmarkt eröffnet sich, wenn auf Basis der im Projekt entwickelten Ansätzen eine weitere Größenreduzierung erreicht werden kann und ein Einsatz in kleinen Elektrowerkzeugen möglich wird. Auch bei Nichterreichung der dafür notwendigen Zieldaten können vielfältige Anwendungsfelder mit kleineren Stückzahlen, wie z.B. Wetterstationen, dezentrale Anzeigen, Automaten, sowie portable Stromerzeuger bedient werden.
Das Projekt "New composite DMFC anode with PEDOT as mixed conductor and catalyst support" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von DECHEMA Forschungsinstitut Stiftung bürgerlichen Rechts durchgeführt. Project description: The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) as electrochemical power source has attracted attention due to its simple system design, low operating temperature, and convenient fuel storage and supply. Major limitations of the DMFC are related to the low power density, which is a consequence of the poor kinetics of the anode reaction, poisoning of the catalyst by reaction intermediates, and methanol crossover. Research efforts have to address improvements of the anode catalyst structure and the ion-exchanger membrane. This project aims at the development of a new type of membrane anode assembly PEM*/PEDOT/CAT based on the conducting polymer PEDOT (Poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)) as catalyst support and a new type of proton-exchange membrane (PEM*) with reduced methanol permeability. As the catalyst (CAT) Pt and Pt-Ru will be utilised. The new proton exchange membranes are to be made of thermal-stable polymers of arylide, so that they can be used in fuel cells working at higher temperatures (Tianjin University, China). Conventional Pt/C cathodes will be used for manufacturing the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) to be tested in single cell experiments. The application of PEDOT as mixed electronic and ionic conductor is expected to improve the charge transfer kinetics and the transport of protons and electrons within the anode structure leading to a better utilisation of the noble metal catalyst.
Das Projekt "High Temperature Methanol Fuel Cell (MetaFuel)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Siqens GmbH durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "Modelling of the mass and energy balances of SOFC modules" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Dornier Luftfahrt durchgeführt. Objective: Mass and energy balance, especially with respect to the transport of waste heat out of the system, represent a central question for the development of advanced sofc module concepts. The theoretical-numerical tools which will be developed within the project allow the assessment of the feasibility of different designs with respect to these problems of thermal controllability and of eventual limitations for scale-up. Additionally a basis for further more complex and detailed investigations of complete sofc plants will be established. General information: the generation of electrical energy by ceramic sofc modules is accompanied by the production of considerable amounts of heat which has to be taken out of the modules (mainly by the air flow acting as a coolant) in order to prevent superheating of the units. This seems to be of great importance, especially for highly integrated high power concepts discussed meanwhile for sofc application. By means of a theoretical-numerical modelling the mass and energy balance of typical module configurations will be determined. As far as possible values which were already realized in the laboratory, they will be used as input parameters (e g for electrical conductivities or polarization properties). Special emphasis will be laid upon the investigation of the mechanisms of heat transfer from the module constituents to each other and to the gases involved in the process by conduction abd especially radiation which is important due to the high temperature. Parameter variations will yield indications for preferable configurations and for adequate solutions for the cooling of the sofc-modules. Achievements: Modelling was performed in the following stages: the establishment of the analytical mass and energy balances for a local element in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) (micromodel); the enlargement and adaption of the balance equations (macromodel) according to the cell and module geometry under consideration (both cross flow monolithic design and tubular design); the writing of a computer code and optimisation of the code with respect to convergence. Calculations were carried out for the following cases: cross flow monolithic design with hydrogen as a fuel; cross flow monolithic design with internally reformed methane; tubular design with hydrogen as a fuel. The main conclusions which can be drawn from the results are: the temperatures of the gases involved coincide to within a few degrees with the temperatures of the cell components; reasonable fuel utilisations and efficiencies can be achieved with both designs; in the tubular design investigated (Westinghouse type) there are inherently large temperature gradients; temperature distributions of cross flow monolithic designs are significantly flatter than those of tubes; the kinetics of the steam reforming reaction occurring in cell operation with internal reforming of methane (natural gas) strongly affects the temperature distribution within a module.
Das Projekt "Fuel cell power trains and clustering in heavy-duty transports (FELICITAS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Fraunhofer-Institut für Verkehrs- und Infrastruktursysteme IVI durchgeführt. Objective: The FELICITAS consortium proposes an Integrated Project to develop fuel cell (FC) drive trains fuelled with both hydrocarbons and hydrogen. The proposed development work focuses on producing FC systems capable of meeting the exacting demands of heavy-dut y transport for road, rail and marine applications. These systems will be: - Highly efficient, above 60Prozent - Power dense, - Powerful units of 200kW plus, - Durable, robust and reliable. Two of the FC technologies most suitable for heavy-duty transport applic ations are Polymer Electrolyte FuelCells (PEFC) and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). Currently neither technology is capable of meeting the wideranging needs of heavy-duty transport either because of low efficiencies, PEFC, or poor transient performance,SO FC. FELICITAS proposes the development of high power Fuel Cell Clusters (FCC) that group FC systems with other technologies, including batteries, thermal energy and energy recuperation.The FELICITAS consortium will first undertake the definition of the requirements on FC power trains for the different heavy-duty transport modes. This will lead to the development of FC power train concepts, which through the use of advanced multiple simulations, will undertake evaluations of technical parameters, reliab ility and life cycle costs. Alongside the development of appropriate FC power trains the consortium will undertake fundamental research to adapt and improve existing FC and other technologies, including gas turbines, diesel reforming and sensor systems f or their successful deployment in the demanding heavy-duty transport modes. This research work will combine with the FC power trains design and simulation work to provide improved components and systems, together with prototypes and field testing where ap propriate.The FELICITAS consortium approach will substantially improve European FC and associated technology knowledae and know-how in the field of heavv-duty transport.
Das Projekt "Compact direct (m)ethanol fuel cell for portable application (MOREPOWER)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht, Standort Geesthacht, Institut für Chemie durchgeführt. Objective: The objective is to develop a low-cost, low temperature, portable direct methanol fuel cell device. It will also offer limited operation on ethanol fuel and will be of compact construction and modular design. The development will include novel proton exchange membranes, anode and cathode electro catalysts and fully optimised multilayer membrane electrode assemblies. New low-cost proton exchange membranes will be developed to reduce the methanol crossover rate through the electrolyte to levels significantly lower than that of currently available materials (e.g. Nafion). New electro catalyst materials will be developed to enhance the low temperature methanol (and ethanol) electro-oxidation activity of the anode. Catalyst development for the cathode will focus on enhancing the oxygen reduction activity of platinum electro catalyst and increasing its selectivity to enhance methanol tolerance. The structure of the electro catalyst and electrode layers will be optimised to promote efficient operation at low temperatures with practical flows and pressures. System optimisation, simplification and miniaturization will be carried out. The final performance objectives will be: single cells operating at 0.5V / cell at 0.2 Acm-2 at 30-60 C (in atmospheric pressure air). Prototypes of 100 and later 500 W stacks, operating at low temperatures with aimed electrical characteristics of 40 A/12.5 V, will be the targets of the project. The effective operation at this low temperature is particularly challenging. Additionally a conceptual study for up-scale will be supplied. A narrow collaboration between research centres and industry will make possible a rapid exploitation of the new components and system developments. A SME will be responsible for the integration and will deliver the prototypes. The potential market for portable fuel cells includes weather stations, medical devices, signal units, auxiliary power units, gas sensors and security cameras.
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