This publication analyses the advantages and disadvantages of carbon credits compared to other financing instruments for protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems. Nine instruments are examined, including emission credits, biodiversity certificates, development cooperation, and blue bonds. Several aspects such as scalability, financial stability, carbon accounting, and project integrity are explored. Findings suggest that carbon credits offer scalability and long-term revenue potential but are hindered by high transaction costs, market volatility, and risks to environmental integrity, particularly when used for emission offsetting. The report targets professionals in climate change, conservation, and sustainable finance.
This publication analyses the advantages and disadvantages of carbon credits compared to other financing instruments for protecting and restoring coastal ecosystems. Nine instruments are examined, including emission credits, biodiversity certificates, development cooperation, and blue bonds. Several aspects such as scalability, financial stability, carbon accounting, and project integrity are explored. Findings suggest that carbon credits offer scalability and long-term revenue potential but are hindered by high transaction costs, market volatility, and risks to environmental integrity, particularly when used for emission offsetting. The report targets professionals in climate change, conservation, and sustainable finance. Veröffentlicht in Climate Change | 05/2026.
This database contains a number of integrated national climate and energy policies and measures (PaM) implemented or planned by European countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and achieve climate and energy targets. Most of these PaMs have been reported to the European Commission, the United Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) or the EEA.
Only EU27 provide PaMs reporting on elements covering areas of the Energy Union.