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This dataset contains plant growth and biomass measurements collected during a controlled mesocosm experiment conducted at the AWI Sylt Outdoor Mesocosm facility, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Germany, between June and September 2025. The experiment investigated the effects of sediment grain size, microtopography and climate warming on the salt marsh pioneer Salicornia. Plants were grown in PVC tubes filled with sandy, mixed or muddy sediments and exposed to four different climate treatments (ambient, warming, warming-drought, heatwave-drought). Climate treatments were implemented through active control of the water temperature. Experimental microtopographies simulated small-scale elevation differences. Plant height was measured repeatedly to quantify growth dynamics. Above ground biomass was measured at the end of the experiment. The experiment was conducted under controlled mesocosm conditions to quantify the relative importance of sediment properties, topographic variation and warming for pioneer marsh vegetation performance.
This dataset comprises abiotic parameters measured during a mesocosm experiment using the AWI Sylt Outdoor Mesocosm (AWISOM) facility conducted on the island of Sylt, Germany, in 2023. The experiment spanned approximately three months, beginning on 16 March 2023. A total of 12 mesocosms were deployed, with six mesocosms assigned to each of two temperature treatments: in situ ambient, and ambient +3.0 °C. Water samples were collected from each mesocosm at a depth of 0.1 m on 103 discrete sampling days. The sampling frequency varied by parameter, with some variables measured daily and others once or several times per week. Recorded parameters include water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH (HBS scale), conductivity, chlorophyll a, total alkalinity, and concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and silicate). Measurements were carried out using multiparameter probes and laboratory methods. The dataset provides a multi-parameter time series from a controlled coastal mesocosm experiment designed to investigate the effects of warming on musselbank communities in the Wadden Sea.
The data presented herein originates from a mesocosm study conducted as part of the BMBF CDRmare, Retake project (grant agreement no. 03F0895A), aimed at investigating the ecological ramifications of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). Twelve mesocosms were deployed in Helgoland South Harbor, Germany, and systematically sampled using integrated water samplers over the period spanning from March 12th to April 20th, 2023. Six alkalinity levels under two dilution scenarios were established to differentiate between localized and uniform OAE additions. Alkalinity was increased stepwise to ΔTAmax = 1250 μmol kg-1 (250 μmol TA kg-1 increments) using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with calcium chloride (CaCl2) to simulate cation release during calcium-based mineral dissolution, causing strong carbonate chemistry perturbations (e.g., pHT > 9.25). The dataset encompasses a spectrum of sediment trap particle flux data, water column biogeochemistry including pigment variables, inorganic nutrients, carbonate chemistry parameters. The study and data set offer insights into impacts of alkalinity enhancement on marine ecosystems and their associated biogeochemistry.
This dataset originates from a laboratory mesocosm experiment investigating the effects of simulated marine heatwaves (MHWs) on benthic microbial communities from sublittoral sediments of Spiekeroog (Wadden Sea, Germany). Surface sediments were sieved (1 mm) and incubated under controlled light and temperature conditions before exposure to three temperature treatments (19 °C control, 23 °C, and 25 °C). Following a gradual warming phase, MHW conditions were maintained for six days, followed by a recovery phase at ambient temperature. Sediment samples were collected repeatedly throughout the experiment. Surface sediments (upper 2 cm) were collected using syringe cores. Pooled samples were analyzed for chlorophyll a as a proxy for microphytobenthos biomass using ethanol extraction and spectrophotometric pigment analysis. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were quantified using EDTA extraction followed by phenol–sulfuric acid carbohydrate analysis. DNA was extracted from sediment subsamples using a Qiagen PowerSoil kit. Prokaryotic abundance was estimated by quantitative PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene (primers 519F/907R), using an Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene standard curve. The dataset includes chlorophyll a concentrations (µg g⁻¹ dry sediment), EPS carbohydrate concentrations, and prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene copy numbers for all sampling times, elevations, and treatments.
We simulated an experimental summer storm in large-volume (~1200 m³, ~16m depth) enclosures in Lake Stechlin (https://www.lake-lab.de) by mixing deeper water masses from the meta- and hypolimnion into the mixed layer (epilimnion). The mixing included the disturbance of a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) which was present at the same time of the experiment in Lake Stechlin and situated in the metalimnion of each enclosure during filling. Size-fractionated Bacterial Protein Production (BPP) of particle associated (PA, >3.0 µm) and free-living bacteria (FL, 0.2-3.0 µm) (14C-Leu incorporation) as well as abundances of PA (microscopy of DAPI stained cells on 3.0 µm polycarbonate filters) and FL heterotrophic prokaryotes and picocyanobacteria (flow cytometry of SYBR green I stained cells) were monitored for 42 days after the experimental disturbance event. Mixing increased bacterial abundance and production about 3 weeks after mixing, which was associated to a mixing-induced stimulation of phytoplankton growth in the mixed enclosures compared to the controls. Simultaneously, decreased abundances of picocyanobacteria could be observed in mixed enclosures.
This collection (bundled publication) includes datasets from a mesocosm experiment conducted in spring 2023 at the Sea Surface Facility (SURF), Wilhelmshaven, Germany (53.5148° N, 8.1461° E). The experiment initiated a phytoplankton bloom under controlled conditions to examine surface ocean biogeochemistry and sea-surface microlayer (SML) processes. Daily samples were collected from the SML and underlying water (40 cm depth) and analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Measurements include meteorological conditions (air temperature, solar irradiance, and albedo), surfactants, nutrients, pigments, particulate and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, and additional biogeochemical variables. These datasets provide environmental and biogeochemical context supporting studies on surface ocean processes and are described in detail in the related publication Bibi et al. (2025).
To investigate the potential impact of marine heatwaves on the intertidal fauna of the German Wadden Sea, a mesocosm experiment was conducted on the island of Sylt, Germany, from June to August 2022. Organisms of the two common bivalve species Cerastoderma edule and Macoma balthica were collected from the upper intertidal of the local Wadden Sea in May 2022. Organisms were then placed into open boxes filled with sieved sediment (1000 µm) from the sampling area, as single-species communities mimicking in-situ observed densities of 119 individuals m-2 (C. edule) and 357 m-2 (M. balthica) and with initial community wet weights corresponding to approximately 35.7 g m-2 (both species) to ensure comparability. The communities were introduced into outdoor land-based mesocosm tanks equipped with tidal simulation, seawater flow through and temperature control on June 1st, 2022. After an adjustment phase of three weeks, four replicate tanks (and communities) were exposed to a single, mild 15-day heatwave with water temperatures of maximum 2.8°C above ambient, entailing nine days at peak temperature and three days onset/ offset each. Another four replicates were exposed to a strong heatwave of the same design but with maximum 4.4°C above ambient, and four more replicates were kept under ambient conditions for control. Two weeks after the heatwave exposure, the mesocosm experiment was terminated and all communities were again weighed and counted for surviving individuals. No significant treatment effects on community survival or biomass were recorded for either model species. However, average survival was lower following the strong heatwave for C. edule, corresponding to observed community biomass losses. In contrast, survival in M. balthica remained high across all treatments, and community biomasses appeared to have increased marginally over the course of the experiment.
The file contains data from the Marine Carbon System. It gathered parameters from the inorganic carbon and incorporate the organic alkalinity as a main contributor to the sea surface microlayer (SML) compared to the Underlaying Water (ULW). Data was collected during Mesocosm Study from 18-May to 17-July 2024 in the Sea sURface Facility (SURF), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Discrete samples to measure Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), Total Alkalinity (TA) and Organic Alkalinity (OA) were collected. For SML data, DIC, TA and OA was collected every third day following the glass‑plate technique (Harvey and Burzell, 1972). The ULW data, DIC, TA and OA were collected every day using a suction system to collect the sample from 0.4 m depth. Discrete samples were transported to the laboratory for further analysis; DIC was determined coulometrically (CM5017, UIC, IL, USA), and TA concentration was directly measured by high-precision closed-cell potentiometric titration (916 Ti-Touch, Metrohm, Switzerland). OA concentration was determined directly after TA was measured, using the same sample (from which all carbonate species had been purged), denoted as back titration. The dataset includes quality flags 0-4 with flags 1 and 2 are ready for use. See metadata for more information.
This dataset contains continuous water temperature measurements collected during a controlled mesocosm experiment conducted at the AWI Sylt Outdoor Mesocosm facility, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Germany, between June and September 2025. The experiment investigated the effects of sediment grain size, microtopography and climate warming on the salt marsh pioneer Salicornia. Plants were grown in PVC tubes filled with sandy, mixed or muddy sediments and exposed to four different climate treatments (ambient, warming, warming-drought, heatwave-drought). Climate treatments were implemented through active control of the water temperature. Experimental microtopographies simulated small-scale elevation differences. The experiment was conducted under controlled mesocosm conditions to quantify the relative importance of sediment properties, topographic variation and warming for pioneer marsh vegetation performance.
This dataset contains continuous air temperature and relative humidity measurements collected during a controlled mesocosm experiment conducted at the AWI Sylt Outdoor Mesocosm facility, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Germany, between June and September 2025. The experiment investigated the effects of sediment grain size, microtopography and climate warming on the salt marsh pioneer Salicornia. Plants were grown in PVC tubes filled with sandy, mixed or muddy sediments and exposed to four different climate treatments (ambient, warming, warming-drought, heatwave-drought). Climate treatments were implemented through active control of the water temperature. Air temperature was not directly manipulated but responded indirectly to the imposed water temperature treatments and ambient atmospheric conditions. Experimental microtopographies simulated small-scale elevation differences. The experiment was conducted under controlled mesocosm conditions to quantify the relative importance of sediment properties, topographic variation and warming for pioneer marsh vegetation performance.
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