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Health status of dab (Limanda limanda) exposed to dumped munition in German coastal waters

Conventional munition dumped into the North Sea and the Baltic Sea close to the German coastline is corroding. A major concern is that biota, including fish, are negatively affected by toxic explosives leaking into marine environments. With the present study, we investigated fish living in close proximity to munition dumping sites for contamination and for signs of health impairments. The flat fish species common dab (Limanda limanda) was used as a model, since it lives in the vicinity of dumping sites and exhibits minor migratory activity. Various health indicators (body condition factors, externally visible fish diseases, parasites or liver anomalies) were investigated.

Mercury and explosive compound 4-aminodinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) in dab (Limanda limanda) caught at munition dumping site Kolberger Heide in the Kiel Bight, Baltic Sea

Dumped munitions contain various harmful substances which can affect marine biota like fish. One of them is mercury (Hg), included in the common explosive primer. Another is 4-aminodinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), an explosive-metabolite. 251 individual dab (Limanda limanda L.) caught at the dump site Kolberger Heide a and nearby reference sites in 2017 and 2018 were analysed. The table contain individual data on Hg, 4-aminodinitrotoluene, age, length, weight, sex and condition factor.

Contamination of dab (Limanda limanda) with explosive chemicals leaking from marine dumped munition

Conventional munition dumped into the North Sea and the Baltic Sea close to the German coastline is corroding. A major concern is that biota, including fish, take up toxic explosives leaking into marine environments. With the present study, we investigated bile fluids of fish living in close proximity to munition dumping sites for the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), its metabolites 2-amino-4,6-dinitrolouene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrolouene as well as octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) using HPLC-MS/MS (high performance liquid chromatography with mass selective detection) as device. The flat fish species common dab (Limanda limanda) was used as a model, since it lives in the vicinity of dumping sites and exhibits minor migratory activity.

Biologische Monitoringdaten der Oberflächenwasserkörper des Landes Brandenburg

Im Auftrag des Landesamtes für Umwelt (LfU) werden die Oberflächengewässer Brandenburgs biologisch untersucht. Diese Untersuchungen erfolgen alle drei bis sechs Jahre an festgelegten Messstellen. Die für Brandenburg wichtigsten untersuchten biologischen Qualitätskomponenten sind: Phytoplankton (im Wasser freischwebende Algen, zum Beispiel Blaualgen) Diatomeen (schwebende oder am Boden siedelnde Kieselalgen) Makrophyten (zum Beispiel Seerosen, Armleuchteralgen und Wassermoose) Makrozoobenthos (substratgebundene wirbellose Tiere, zum Beispiel Muscheln, Köcherfliegenlarven) Fische Die Datenpakete mit den biologischen Monitoringdaten für die brandenburgischen Oberflächenwasserkörper (für Seen auch physikalisch-chemische Parameter) können aus zusammengestellten Listen (pro Oberflächenwasserkörper ) heruntergeladen werden. Des weiteren werden die Links zu den Datenpaketen auch als csv-Dateien angeboten. Im Auftrag des Landesamtes für Umwelt (LfU) werden die Oberflächengewässer Brandenburgs biologisch untersucht. Diese Untersuchungen erfolgen alle drei bis sechs Jahre an festgelegten Messstellen. Die für Brandenburg wichtigsten untersuchten biologischen Qualitätskomponenten sind: Phytoplankton (im Wasser freischwebende Algen, zum Beispiel Blaualgen) Diatomeen (schwebende oder am Boden siedelnde Kieselalgen) Makrophyten (zum Beispiel Seerosen, Armleuchteralgen und Wassermoose) Makrozoobenthos (substratgebundene wirbellose Tiere, zum Beispiel Muscheln, Köcherfliegenlarven) Fische Die Datenpakete mit den biologischen Monitoringdaten für die brandenburgischen Oberflächenwasserkörper (für Seen auch physikalisch-chemische Parameter) können aus zusammengestellten Listen (pro Oberflächenwasserkörper ) heruntergeladen werden. Des weiteren werden die Links zu den Datenpaketen auch als csv-Dateien angeboten.

Chemical analysis for explosive compounds in water, sediment, and flatfish Limanda limanda (dab) collected from shipwrecks in the North Sea to assess the biological effects of old World War munitions

This dataset documents field investigations on release of legacy World War I munition explosive compounds into the surrounding marine environment, with a focus on shipwreck sites in the North Sea. Three historically well-documented wrecks were selected: the light cruisers SMS Mainz and SMS Ariadne, and the minelayer submarine UC30. These wrecks were chosen based on detailed archival information regarding their sinking circumstances and cargo, their unambiguous identification, and their accessibility for scientific diving operations. As a munition-free control, a reference area outside known wreck fields was sampled (Naturschutzgebiet Borkum Riffgrund). The flatfish Limanda limanda (dab) was selected as a sentinel species. Sampling was conducted during several cruises with the research vessel Heincke (HE 573, April 2021 – SMS Mainz; HE 596, April 2022 – UC30 and SMS Ariadne; HE 607, September 2022 – UC30; HE 613, February 2023 – SMS Ariadne) and with the Uthörn (May 2022 – reference site). Water was sampled with a CTD rosette water sampler at different depths and processed on board by solid phase extraction at 4 °C. Sediment was sampled with a Van Veen grab sampler and frozen at -20 °C. Fish were caught using bottom trawls deployed as close as possible to the wreck structures. Captured fish were transferred to seawater tanks prior to dissection. Each specimen was measured, weighed, and assessed biometrically to calculate condition factors as indicators of general health. Tissue samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -20 °C. Samples were processed in the lab according to established protocols. All samples were analyzed by gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for the explosive TNT and its metabolites 2- and 4-ADNT.

Lipid class composition of mesopelagic fish from the North Atlantic Ocean and the Western Mediterranean Sea

Mesopelagic fish collected during 3 field campaigns in 2020 were analysed for their lipid content. The sampling was conducted on 5 main locations; 2 stations in the Western Mediterranean Sea (September/October), 4 stations in the North Atlantic off the Iberian Peninsula (October), 4 stations in the Irminger Sea (July), 5 stations in the Iceland Basin (July) and 4 stations in the Northern Norwegian Sea (May). The fish were collected at distinct depth intervals, with different trawl types depending on the vessel. The database consists of 28 mesopelagic fish species belonging to 9 families and 5 genera. For each record, length and wet weight of the fish analysed is recorded with the wax ester (WE), triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid (PL) values as % of total lipids (TL). Each data record is associated with information on the sampling location, geographic coordinates, month and year of sample collection, sampling gear and depth, taxonomic ranks (phylum, class, order, family), and number and replicates analysed. The lipids were extracted following Folch's extraction method (Folch et al. 1957), which was implemented on whole fish or a weighted sub-sample of a homogenized whole fish. Individual lipid classes were separated by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). A lipid sample was spotted onto silica-coated quartz rods, (chromarods; SES GmbH) and the lipid classes separated by development in two solvent systems: hexane/diethyl ether/acetic acid (60:17:0.2, by volume) followed by hexane/diethyl ether (96:4 vol/vol). The analysis was performed using an Iatroscan MK 5 TLC-FID analyser.

Fischfauna 2022 (Umweltatlas)

Fischbestand mit Arten und Gefährdung nach Roter Liste Berlin (Stand 2014 - 2022) auf Grundlage der Gewässer aus der Gewässerkarte des Gewässerverzeichnisses (Stand 24.05.2023)

Fischfauna 2013 (Umweltatlas)

Fischbestand mit Arten und Gefährdung nach Roter Liste Berlin (Stand 2003-2013) auf Grundlage der Gewässer aus der Gewässerkarte des Gewässerverzeichnisses (Stand 03/2014)

Fischfauna 2002 (Umweltatlas)

Bewertung der Gewässer an Hand der Anzahl der nachgewiesenen Fischarten in Abhängigkeit vom Gewässertyp, schematische Darstellung des Fischbestandes mit Arten, Häufigkeit des Vorkommens und Gefährdung nach Roter Liste Berlin

Fischfauna 1993 (Umweltatlas)

Bewertung der Gewässer anhand der Anzahl der nachgewiesenen Fischarten in Abhängigkeit vom Gewässertyp, schematische Darstellung des Fischbestandes mit Arten, Häufigkeit des Vorkommens und Gefährdung nach Roter Liste Berlin, Stand 1993.

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