Das Projekt "Sammlung und Bestimmung von tropischen Wildleguminosen im Bergland Nord-Thailands" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Fakultät III Agrarwissenschaften I, Institut für Pflanzenproduktion und Agrarökologie in den Tropen und Subtropen, Fachgebiet Biodiversität und Landrehabilitation in den Tropen und Subtropen durchgeführt. Wild legumes in the forest habitats of the mountainous regions of Northern Thailand are increasingly in danger of becoming extinct as forest is converted to agricultural land. In the present research project, seeds of wild, native legumes were collected in Northern Thailands hillsides. From the beginning of November 1997 until the end of January 1998, 87 different legume species were collected. Of the 87 species, 82 belong to the family of the Fabaceae and five belong to the family Caesalpiniaceae. Of 87 identified species, a total of 159 seed samples were collected. The gathering of seeds took place at altitudes between the 140 and 1630 meters above sea level. Topsoil samples from each location were analyzed for pH, soil texture, organic carbon and Bray II-phosphorus. Additionally the abundance and growth habit of the collected plants were recorded. Desmodium amethystinum and Crotalaria ferruginea were found merely at altitudes of about 920 meters. Calopogonium mucunoides, Atylosia scarabaeoides, Cassia tora, Flemingia strobilifera and Crotalaria kruzii were predominant in lower altitudes. Red clay and loamy soils were the dominant soil types at most collection sites. Besides the red clay soil, yellow sandy or gray hydromorphic soils were found as well. In extremely sandy soil, Crotalaria species and Desmodium triflorum were dominant. Especially on ruderal sites the highest species diversity was obvious, showing the capability of many legumes to act as pioneers on disturbed soils. On the ruderal sites of the western routes more species were found than on the north-eastern routes. The poorest sites were the border of rice fields where anthropogenetic influence was greatest. The same was found for the mowed roadsides. The mowing and burning (especially in December) along roadsides and rice fields destroyed a lot of locations where legumes normally could be found.
Das Projekt "Solar Steam Reforming of Methane Rich Gas for Synthesis Gas Production (SOLREF)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Technische Thermodynamik, Abteilung Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung durchgeführt. Project main goals: The main purpose of this project is to develop an innovative 400 kWth solar reformer for several applications such as Hydrogen production or electricity generation. Depending of the feed source for the reforming process CO2 emissions can be reduced significantly (up to 40 percent using NG), because the needed process heat for this highly endothermic reaction is provided by concentrated solar energy. A pre-design of a 1 MW prototype plant in Southern Italy and a conceptual layout of a commercial 50 MWth reforming plant complete this project. Key issues: The profitability decides if a new technology has a chance to come into the market. Therefore several modifications and improvements to the state-of-the-art solar reformer technology will be introduced before large scale and commercial system can be developed. These changes are primarily to the catalytic system, the reactor optimisation and operation procedures and the associated optics for concentrating the solar radiation. For the dissemination of solar reforming technology the regions targeted are in Southern Europe and Northern Africa. The potential markets and the impact of infrastructure and administrative restrictions will be assessed. The environmental, socio-economic and institutional impacts of solar reforming technology exploitation will be assessed with respect to sustainable development. The market potential of solar reforming technology in a liberalised European energy market will be evaluated. Detailed cost estimates for a 50 MWth commercial plant will be determined.
Das Projekt "Siberian Earth System Science Cluster (SIB-ESS-C)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Jena, Institut für Geographie, Abteilung Geoinformatik und Fernerkundung durchgeführt. The Siberian Earth System Science Cluster is a recently started project of the Department of Earth Observation at the Friedrich-Schiller University Jena (Germany) to generate and disseminate information products of central Siberia along with advanced analysis services in support of Earth System Science. Products provided cover central Siberia and have been created by a consortium of research institutions that joined forces in the FP 5 EU project SIBERIA-II (Multi-Sensor Concepts for Greenhouse Gas Accounting of Northern Eurasia, EVG2-2001-00008). The study region comprises a number of ecosystems in northern Eurasia ranging from the tundra, the boreal and temperate forests, mountainous areas and grasslands. The region is believed to play a critical role in global climate change and has been also defined as one of IGBP's Boreal transects representing a strong climate change hot spot in Northern Eurasia.
Das Projekt "Soil Erosion Control and Ecological Restoration on the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province, P.R. China" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität München, Fachgebiet Geobotanik durchgeführt. The Central Loess Plateau of north-western China is well known for its massive soil erosion which has emerged as one of the major environmental problems in China. It is reported that about 90 percent of the silt load washed into the Yellow River every year is generated from this area, which accounts for only about 40 percent of the total area of the Yellow River Basin. In addition to soil erosion and severe ecological degradation the region is considered to be one of the least developed and poorest regions in China. Incomes of the local population range already below the national average and continued degradation of farmland and water resources can only further deteriorate local living standards and ecological conditions. The Central Government of China has given high priority to a stable growth in the agricultural sector of the region but has also recognized that one important option to reduce soil erosion besides implementing improved farming techniques is to implement large scale restoration programmes of natural vegetation. However, current activities such as the development of fruit tree plantations and mono-species afforestation might only be of limited use in this regard. In 1999 a joint Sino-German research project between the Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) and the Northwest Science and Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry (NWUF) of Yangling was initiated. The overall goal of this project is two-fold: One objective is to consolidate knowledge on remnant natural forests in the Loess Plateau Region and to explore if remaining local vegetation types can be used as guidance for larger-scale restoration in areas where original vegetation has been destroyed completely. The second component of the project is designed to generate reliable scientific data on how soil and farmland conservation can be integrated into agricultural development by using remote sensing technologies.
Das Projekt "Occurance of TSE in natural habitants; Transmission of Prions through wild animals als farmed wild rudimants in Northern Bavaria (Bay1)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Bayreuth, Fachgruppe Biologie, Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie durchgeführt. BSE-Forschung im Rahmen des Forschungsverbundes FORPRION. Im Zusammenhang mit dem Auftreten der ersten BSE-Fälle in Bayern wurden von der Bayerischen Staatsregierung Ende 2000 zusätzliche Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der Prionenkrankheiten beschlossen. Dazu wurde Anfang 2001 der Bayerische Forschungsverbund Prionen (FORPRION) gegründet. (Siehe auch www.abayfor.de/forprion) Ziel von FORPRION ist die Erforschung der Grundlagen der Prionenkrankheiten und anwendungsorientierter Fragestellungen in diesem Bereich. Durch die Ergebnisse sollen Fortschritte in der Pathogenese, Diagnostik, Therapie und dem Verbraucherschutz erzielt werden. Die Laufzeit des Forschungsverbundes wurde auf mindestens 5 Jahre festgelegt. Am Beispiel BSE wird deutlich, wie Krankheiten beim Tier auch zur Gefahr für den Menschen werden können. Nach wie vor sind im Bereich der Prionenforschung viele Fragen ungeklärt und werden auf internationaler Ebene diskutiert. Risikovorsorge und Forschung müssen daher weiterhin konsequent und im engen Zusammenwirken aller Fachdisziplinen betrieben werden.. Untersuchung auf Vorkommen von TSE bei Wild: Klärung der Frage ob im Wildbestand Nordbayerns, einschließlich Gatterwild, BSE bzw. CWD gefunden wird.
Das Projekt "Cirrus-LEWIZ : Cirrus clouds in polewared breaking Rossby waves" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik e.V. an der Universität Rostock durchgeführt. Aim: - observe cirrus clouds in poleward breaking Rossby waves with LIDAR, - characterised their pathway in the given synoptic situation using analysis data and backward trajectories, - develop a conceptual model for the transport of water vapor in poleward breaking Rossby waves. Activities: - Launching of several field campaigns such as Cirrus-K1, Cirrus-K2 and Cirrus-K3 including radiosonde and LIDAR observations, - Review of Historical LIDAR data. Results: Poleward Rossby wave breaking events have been often observed over the North Atlantic - European region in the upper troposphere in winter time. During a measuring campaign from 13 to 15 February 2006 a special Rossby wave breaking event was investigated with radiosondes and LIDAR observations. The connected horizontal and vertical transport of water vapour in the upper troposphere / lower stratosphere was analysed with backward trajectories. We found that during this poleward Rossby wave breaking event an air mass body has ben formed over central Europe with an extreme low temperature an a very high specific humidity in the tropopause region. The formation is characterised by a strong adiabatic nort-eastward and upward transport of water vapour on the western flank of a stagnation point over Mecklenburg (North German Lowlands). The radiosonde soundings show layers of supersaturated water vapour with respect to ice, but isolated patches of very high cirrus clouds have been clearly identified by LIDAR measurements over Kühlungsborn (54 Grad CN, 11 Grad CE). Based on formed LIDAR measurements from 1997 to 2002 and similar analysis we established the hypothesis that poleward Rossby wave breaking events are connected with north-eastward and upward tropospheric transport of water vapour, forming of supersaturated water vapour over ice and formation of very high cirrus clouds.
Das Projekt "ACSYS: Arctic Climate System Study" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Zentrum für Meeres- und Klimaforschung, Institut für Meereskunde (IfM) durchgeführt. Within the international ACSYS project the formation and the export of dense bottom waters from the Barents Sea into the Arctic Ocean and the Norwegian Sea is studied using shipborne and moored instrumentation. The work so far focused on the Storfjord in the southern Svalbard archipelago where earlier measurements have indicated an outflow of brine enriched bottom water that could be traced to the northern Fram Strait to water depths above 2000 m. As part of the summer 1997 experiment three autonomous profiling CTD systems, developed at the University of Kiel, were deployed in the outflow. The only partly successful work with this new instrument lead to a redesign of the system which is currently being implemented.
Das Projekt "Growth and nutrition of Acacia mangium seedlings in a greenhouse experiment" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Arbeitsbereich für Weltforstwirtschaft und Institut für Weltforstwirtschaft des Friedrich-Löffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit durchgeführt. Objectives: The original forest extent in the savannas (lavrados, a type of vegetation similar to the cerrados) in Northern Brazil is unknown. Prolonged use of fire for hunting and cattle ranching has left behind heavily degraded areas. Natural forests are extremely fragmented and soils are strongly compacted. The privately initiated afforestation project of Ouro Verde Ltda has already established more than 10,000 ha Acacia mangium plantations. The objective of this project is to get more information on the autecology of Acacia mangium and to integrate them into rehabilitation programmes for degraded land. In a greenhouse experiment tree seedlings of two provenances are grownunder controlled conditions at different fertiliser levels and soil textures. Their response to these treatments is investigated by means growth parameters. Results: Investigation of the nutrient - especielly phosphorus - supply of the leaves; Investigation of the above and belowground biomass production (leaf, stem, root); Examination of the influence of water and nutrient supply as well as of soil texture on plant growth; Impacts of growth reaction on the plantation programme of other projects of the Institute.
Das Projekt "Meridional Overturning Exchange with the Nordic Seas (MOEN) - WP4: Modelling" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Zentrum für Meeres- und Klimaforschung, Institut für Meereskunde (IfM) durchgeführt. Backgrond: The mild climate of north western Europe is, to a large extent, governed by the influx of warm Atlantic water to the Nordic Seas. Model simulations predict that this influx and the return of flow of cold deep water to the Atlantic may weaken as a consequence of global warming. MOEN will assess the effect of anthropogenic climate change on the Meridional Overturning Circulation by monitoring the flux exchanges between the North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas and by assessing its present and past variability in relation to the atmospheric and thermohaline forcing. This information will be used to improve predictions of regional and global climate changes. MOEN is a self-contained project of the intercontinental Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Flux (ASOF) Array for European Climate project, which aims at monitoring and understanding the oceanic fluxes of heat, salt and freshwater at high northern latitudes and their effect on global ocean circulation and climate. MOEN will contribute to a better long-term observing system to monitor the exchanges between the North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas from direct and continuous measurements in order to allow an assessment of the effect of anthropogenic climate change on the Meridional Overturning Circulation. This we will be done by measuring and modelling fluxes and characteristics of total Atlantic inflow to the Nordic Seas and of the Iceland-Scotland component of the overflow from the Nordic Seas to the Atlantic. General objectives: To contribute to a better long-term observing system to monitor the exchanges between the North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas. To assess the effect of anthropogenic climate change on the Meridional Overturning Circulation. Modelling objectives (WP4, IfM): To model the flow field, the temperature and salinity distribution and the heat fluxes for an area focused on the Iceland-Faroe Ridge, the Faroe Bank and Faroe-Shetland Channel and Wyville-Thomson Ridge. To model long term variations of the locally induced and far field circulation and T/S distribution in order to understand climate variations.
Das Projekt "Processes of Vertical Exchange in Shelf Seas (PROVESS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Zentrum für Meeres- und Klimaforschung, Institut für Meereskunde (IfM) durchgeführt. PROVESS is a joint European funded project for an interdisciplinary study of the vertical fluxes of properties through the water column and the surface and bottom boundaries based on the integrated application of new measuring techniques, new advances in turbulence theory and new models. IfM Hamburg is responsible for six tasks concerning numerical simulations of mean flow properties, turbulence and suspended matter transport. IfM's tasks in PROVESS are in detail: Physical modelling: Model development and code verification, cooperation with MUMM Management Unit of Mathemetical Models of North Sea and Scheldt Estuary), Brussels, Belgium. For this task, the existing public domain water column model GOTM (General Ocean Turbulence Model) will be extended. Model validation against existing data sets, cooperation with MUMM, Brussels, Belgium. Here some historical data sets will be simulated. These are the FLEX 1976 and the UWB Irish Sea FLY data set, both are scenarios already included into GOTM. Furthermore, the POL 1991 and North Sea data from NERC have to be simulated. Synthesis of PROVESS data with models, cooperation with close to all PROVESS partners. The northern and the southern North Sea experiments carried out during PROVESS will be simulated in detail by the numerical water column model. Modelling sediment damping of turbulence: Model development and code verification, cooperation with LHF (Laboratoire d'Hydraulique de France SA), Grenoble, France. Model validation against existing data sets, cooperation with LHF (Laboratoire d'Hydraulique de France SA), Grenoble, France. Synthesis of PROVESS data with models, cooperation with close to all PROVESS partners.
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