Das Projekt "B 2.3: Transport of agrochemicals in a watershed in Northern Thailand - Phase 3" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Bodenkunde und Standortslehre, Fachgebiet Biogeophysik durchgeführt. Land use changes of the last decades in the mountainous regions of Northern Thailand have been accompanied by an increased input of agrochemicals, which might be transferred to rivers by surface and/or subsurface flow. Where the river water is used for household consumption, irrigation and other purposes, agrochemical losses pose a serious risk to the environment and food safety. In the first and the second phase, subproject B2 collected data on and gained knowledge of the vertical and lateral transport processes that govern the environmental fate of selected agrochemicals at the plot and the hillslope scale (Ciglasch et al., 2005; Kahl et al., 2006). In the third phase, B2.3 will turn from the hillslope to the watershed scale. For simulation of water flow and pesticide transport the SWAT model (Neitsch et al., 2002b) will be adapted and used. The study area will be the Mae Sa watershed (138 km2), which includes the Mae Sa Noi subcatchment where B2 carried out detailed investigations during the last two phases. The specific focus of the subproject will be the parameterization and calibration of the SWAT model and its integration into the model network of the SFB. The SFB database has been established and can be used for model parameterization. In addition, high-quality geo-data are available from the Geoinformatic and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA) in Chiang Mai. For model calibration, discharge measurements are available for the Mae Sa Noi subcatchment (12 km2) and for the neighboring Mae Nai subcatchment (18 km2). To collect data on the Mae Sa watershed discharge, at the very beginning of the third phase gauging stations will be established in a midstream position and at the outlet of the watershed. Pesticide fluxes will be measured at each gauging station as well as in the Mae Sa Noi subcatchment, where B2.2 has operated two flumes equipped with automatic discharge-proportional water samplers since 2004. Rainfall distribution and intensity will be monitored with a net of automatic rain gauges. Hydrograph separation will be performed using soil and river temperatures (Kobayashi et al., 1999). Within the watershed temperature loggers will be installed at different soil depths to measure the temperature of the different discharge components. Already at the beginning of the second year of the third phase we will start to couple the SWAT model with land use and farm household models of the SFB and to use the model to assess the effect of land use and land management changes on the loss of pesticides to surface waters.
Das Projekt "E 4.1: Quality and food safety issues in markets for high-value products in Thailand and Vietnam" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Agrar- und Sozialökonomie in den Tropen und Subtropen durchgeführt. The production and marketing of high-value agricultural commodities - such as fruits, vegetables, and livestock products - has been an important source of cash income for small-scale farmers in the northern mountainous regions of Thailand and Vietnam. However, against the background of recent free trade agreements and market liberalization, there is increasing national and international competition, partly leading to significant price decreases. Given structural disadvantages of farmers in northern Thailand and Vietnam, it will be very difficult for them to achieve and maintain a competitive position in markets for undifferentiated high-value products. Therefore, product differentiation - in terms of health attributes (e.g., low-pesticide residues, free from diseases and pathogens), taste (e.g., indigenous livestock breeds), time (e.g., off-season production), or processing characteristics (e.g., packaging, drying, canning) - could be a promising alternative. Quality and safety attributes play an increasing role in domestic and international food trade. The additional value generated could lead to sustainable income growth in the small farm sector, but this potential will only materialize when appropriate institutional mechanisms help reduce transaction costs and allow a fair distribution of benefits. This subproject seeks to analyze how the production and marketing of high-value agricultural products with quality and safety attributes can contribute to pro-poor development in northern Thailand and Vietnam. Quality and safety attributes can only generate value when they directly respond to consumer demand. Furthermore, since they are often credence attributes, the product identity has to be preserved from farm to fork. Therefore, the analysis will cover the whole supply chain, from agricultural production to final household consumption. Interview-based surveys of farmers, intermediate agents, and consumers will be carried out in Thailand, and to a limited extent also in Vietnam. The data will be analyzed econometrically with regard to the structure of high-value markets, trends and their determinants, and efficiency and equity implications of different institutional arrangements (e.g., contract agriculture, supermarket procurement). Since in northern Vietnam, the marketing of high-value products is a relatively recent activity, markets for more traditional crops will be analyzed as well, to better understand the linkages between different cash-earning activities in the semi-subsistent farm households. Apart from their direct policy relevance, the results will contribute to the broader research direction of the economics of high-value agricultural markets in developing countries. Moreover, they will generate useful information for other subprojects of the Uplands Program.
Das Projekt "On mechanisms of calving from Antarctic ice shelves" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fachbereich Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik durchgeführt. This project aims to investigate the mechanisms of calving of tabular icebergs from Antarctic ice shelves. Calving is the final consequence of a fracture propagating through an ice shelf, which also behaves as a viscous material. Thus we will apply ice flow dynamical concepts in conjunction with fracture mechanical approaches. Theoretical investigations and numerical simulations lead to a formulation and determination of calving rates. Therefore, two and three dimensional finite element models will be developed, with which sensitivity studies and prognostic simulations will be carried out. The dependency of the mechanisms, and thus the calving rate, on typical geometrical setups, external forcing and material parameters is evaluated. Calving rates are crucial for the evolution of the position of the ice front. The knowledge of appropriate calving rates is required to predict the changes of the extent of the Antarctic ice sheet.
Das Projekt "Zirkulation von Fluiden und Gas an Kalten und Heißen Quellen entlang der Sandwich Mikroplatte" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Bremen, Zentrum für marine Umweltwissenschaften durchgeführt. We request financial support to perform multidisciplinary studies on hydrothermal vents and cold seeps at the Sandwich plate during RV POLARSTERN cruise ANT XXIX/4 from 22 March to 16 April 2013 (Scotia l). During this field campaign we plan to obtain geophysical, geological, and video-seafloor observation data from potential venting location in order to explore those fluid and gas emission sites and to perform a first geological and geochemical sampling. Cold seeps and hot vents are very rare in Antarctica and locations associated to the Sandwich plate are of high interest. This is because of its tectonic and geographic position between the World Ocean and Antarctica, the relevance in biogeography of the chemosynthetic organisms, the unique geochemical and geological settings within the ocean-to-ocean collision zone and its frontier character in the polar deep sea. Hydrothermal activity is indicated for two Segments of East-Scotia Ridge (E2 and E9), however, tectonically-induced seepage is yet unknown in the Sandwich fore-arc area, as it is a common phenomenon in other subduction-related compression zones. A subsequent POLARSTERN cruise (Scotia II), which is not scheduled up to now, plans to perform more detailed AUV- and ROV-work at the seep and vent sites. The cruise Scotia II will strongly relay on the results of ANT XXIX/6. A post-doctoral scientific position is applied for in order to comprehensively analyse and Interpret the data obtained from seeps and vents during ANT XXIX/4.
Das Projekt "Frühjahrsplenartagung 2009 zur Thematik 'Nachhaltige Entwicklung und Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung' 15.05. - 17.05.2009 in Porta Westfalia" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Bundeselternrat (BER), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Landeselternvertretungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland durchgeführt. Die Vereinten Nationen haben die Jahre 2005 bis 2014 zur Weltdekade 'Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung' ausgerufen. Das Leitbild der nachhaltigen Entwicklung in allen Bereichen, vor allem in der Bildung zu verankern, ist Ziel der Dekade. Nachhaltige Entwicklung ist für Alle ein Ziel von hoher Priorität. Um es zu realisieren, brauchen wir innovative Lösungen, wirtschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit, soziale Gerechtigkeit und Verantwortung. Nachhaltige Entwicklung kann nur gelingen, wenn wir mit Phantasie und Kreativität die Zukunft gestalten, Neues wagen und unbekannte Wege erkunden. Der Bildung kommt dabei eine Schlüsselrolle zu. Bildung erschließt Wissen, mit Bildung gewinnen wir Orientierung in einer immer komplexer werdenden Welt. Bildung ist der Schlüssel zum Arbeitsmarkt und sie ermöglicht dem Einzelnen echte Teilhabe am sozialen und gesellschaftlichen Leben. Der BER will sich diesem Thema annehmen und aus Sicht der Eltern und Kinder das Thema beleuchten, um die Anliegen der Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung vor Ort sichtbar zu machen und gute Praxisbeispiele zu fördern. Der BER will sich der Aufgabe stellen und best-practiv-Beispiele aufspüren und über deren Nachhaltigkeit diskutieren und mögliche andere Anwendungsmöglichkeiten aufzeigen. Zur Vorbereitung stellen die Landeselternvertretungen anhand eines Fragenkatalogs die Position des jeweiligen Landes dar um den Kontext der anderen Länder zu sehen; darüber hinaus wird den Delegierten Vorbereitungsmaterial zur Verfügung gestellt. In einem Grundsatz- und drei Fachreferaten werden die Delegierten in die Thematik eingeführt um sich dann in den schulbezogenen Fachausschüssen inhaltlich damit zu beschäftigen und in der abschließenden gemeinsam erarbeiteten Resolution die Position des BER zu veröffentlichen und zu vertreten. Die Tagung wird dokumentiert und zusammen mit der verabschiedeten Resolution den Landeselternvertretungen zur Multiplikatorenarbeit zur Verfügung gestellt.
Das Projekt "Süd-Nord-Dialog - Gerechtigkeit im Treibhaus" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie gGmbH durchgeführt. Das Inkrafttreten des Kyoto-Protokolls am 16. Februar 2005 markiert einen Wendepunkt für die internationale Klimapolitik. Erstmals haben die Industriestaaten verbindliche Pflichten zur Begrenzung ihrer Treibhausgasemissionen übernommen. Gleichwohl bleiben die zukünftigen Herausforderungen enorm. Zieht man die Notwendigkeit gesteigerter Emissionseinsparungen zur Vermeidung 'gefährlichen' Klimawandels einerseits und die erforderliche Unterstützung der durch den Klimawandel am verwundbarsten Regionen andererseits in Betracht, werden die Entwicklungsländer im Rahmen der Post-2012 Verhandlungen eine Schlüsselrolle übernehmen. Das zähe Ringen der letzten Jahre um die Zukunft internationalen Klimaschutzes macht den Bedarf für eine sorgfältige Vorbereitung der Verhandlungen um ein Post-2012 Abkommen unter Einbeziehung aller relevanten Akteure offenkundig. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben das Wuppertal Institut und das Energy Research Center (Südafrika) einen Dialog zwischen 14 Wissenschaftlern aus allen Weltregionen, vornehmlich aus Entwicklungsländern, initiiert, um über mögliche Eckpfeiler eines zukünftigen Klimaregimes zu diskutieren. Ziel dieses 'Süd-Nord Dialog - Gerechtigkeit im Treibhaus' war es, einen offenen Austausch über unterschiedliche Sichtweisen und Positionen in einer vertrauensvollen Atmosphäre zu ermöglichen. Ergebnis dieses Dialogs ist der gemeinsame Vorschlag 'Towards an adequate and equitable global climate agreement', der einen Rahmen für die Ausgestaltung eines zukünftigen Klimaabkommens aufzeigt sowie Erfordernisse für den politischen Prozess darlegt. Dieses Paket von Politikempfehlungen umfasst ein Modell für die faire Aufteilung von Klimaschutzpflichten, das eine starke Reduzierung der Emissionen im Norden aber auch Minderungspflichten unterschiedlicher Art für Entwicklungsländer vorsieht. Der Vorschlag beinhaltet darüber hinaus Empfehlungen für die Ausgestaltung einer Politik zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel, da zukünftige Vereinbarungen, wollen sie als fair wahrgenommen werden, Mechanismen für die Unterstützung der am meisten durch den Klimawandel verwundbaren Regionen enthalten müssen. Schließlich wird eine Vorreiterstrategie für den politischen Prozess aufgezeigt, um ein derartiges Klimaschutzabkommen auf internationaler Ebene voranzutreiben. In einer zweiten Projektphase ist der Dialog auf die politische Ebene ausgeweitet worden. Dazu werden in Asien, Afrika und Lateinamerika Workshops mit Klima-Verhandlern aus der jeweiligen Region ausgerichtet. Ziel ist es, zum einen die Kernelemente des Vorschlags zu diskutieren, zum anderen gegenseitiges Verstehen und Vertrauen unter den Klima-Verhandlern zu fördern, um auf diese Weise die Post-2012 Verhandlungen zu erleichtern. Zwei regionale Workshops haben bislang in Dar-es-Salaam (Tansania, Oktober 2004) und in Jakarta (Indonesien, Mai 2005) stattgefunden. Die regionalen Workshops werden durch einen lateinamerikanischen Workshop in Mexiko City im Februar 2006 komplettiert.
Das Projekt "Predictive methods for combined cycle fatigue in Gas Turbine Blades (PREMECCY)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG durchgeführt. The modern gas turbine is a complex machine, the design and development of which takes many months and costs Millions. The European gas turbine manufacturing industry is under pressure to minimise the resources required to bring a new design to market, due to global competitive pressure and increasing customer expectations. Accurate design and prediction tools are keys to success in this process. The PREMECCY project identifies the field of rotor blade Combined Cycle Fatigue (CCF) as an area where there are shortcomings in the existing industry standard design and prediction tools and thus where significant benefits can be achieved. Rotor blade CCF accounts for up to 40Prozent of the total number of issues that arise during an engine development programme and a similar proportion of in-service problems. These issues cost the industry Millions in both maintenance and redesign costs. The primary objective of the PREMECCY project is to develop new and improved CCF prediction methods for use in the design process. These will halve the number of development and in-service CCF problems thereby reducing the time and cost required to develop a new engine and reducing the operating costs once in service. They will also enable the design of lighter, more efficient blades, reducing engine sfc. In order to develop the new prediction methods the project will first generate high quality material test data. Advanced specimens and testing mechanically, geometrically and environmentally representative of operating conditions will be used to verify the enhanced methodology. All industrial partners are in a position to exploit the resulting methodologies within their existing design processes. The 15 strong consortium includes 9 major European gas turbine manufacturers, 1 specialist SME and 5 world-class research facilities. The complimentary expertise and experience of the consortium represents an optimised resource with which to achieve the project's challenging objectives. Prime Contractor: Rolls-Royce Plc; London; United Kongdom.
Das Projekt "Global Observation for Forest and Land Cover Dynamics" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Jena, Institut für Geographie, Abteilung Geoinformatik und Fernerkundung durchgeführt. The role of GOFC GOLD is to establish the link between space agencies, science community and the users of earth observation data and data products. The primary function of the Land Cover Implementation Team (LC-IT) is to develop and evaluate methods, tools and products for land cover measurements and monitoring using space-borne and in-situ observations. The LC-IT assesses current needs and deficiencies for global and regional monitoring to support Global Change research, national and regional forest inventories and international policy. The team cooperates closely with other GOFC-GOLD implementation teams and regional networks worldwide. Within this framework, the ESA GOFC GOLD project office helps to strengthen the GOFC-GOLD framework, to coordinate, promote and fulfil the GOFC Land Cover implementation plan, and to support the European Space Agency and related projects and services. Specific objectives for the first period (2004-2006) are: (1) To establish a GOFC-GOLD LC PO at the Jena University including the necessary infrastructure required to operate the LC PO. (2) To staff and operate the GOFC-GOLD LC PO for a period of three consecutive years starting February 2004. (3) Management and coordination of the execution of the GOFC-GOLD Land Cover Implementation Plan in close cooperation with the GOFC-GOLD-chairs John Townshend and Alan Belward. (4) To support ESA in the coordination of land cover harmonization and validation activities focussed on the development of a user information service for the (4.1) reporting and exchange of validation results and (4.2) information relating to the operational activities of satellite platforms and data delivery (GLOBCARBON and GLOBCOVER projects). To provide ESA with appropriate progress and annual reports and attend regular review meetings at ESA ESRIN, Italy.
Das Projekt "Forest dynamics after bark beetle disease in the higher reaches of the Bavarian forest" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität München, Fachgebiet Geobotanik durchgeführt. The chair of forest and forestplaning examines in cooperation with the section geobotany the modification of soil vegetation and natural reproduction of stands after bark beetle disease. The research will be done in an interdisciplinary project on large field studies in high reaches. The project started with: Creation of long-term observation areas Documentation of competition between natural reproduction and soil vegetation Analysation of development, modification of natural reproduction and soil vegetation Description of dying and break-down of aged spruce stands The project takes part in present researches which are located in the national parc 'Bavarian Forest' and can be seen as a link between them. The investigation offers a possibility for exact descriptions of the status quo and for development forecasts, including most of the important factors like location, soil vegetation, previous stock stands, dead layers, etc.. The experimental design, compiled by Mr. Msc. El Kateb, covers the old part of the national parc (so called inner region) and the extension area. A comparison between the inner part (a natural forest and an intensively (until 1997) managed forest (the extension area) is possible, because the last mentioned area essentially results from the former Forest Administration Office of Zwiesel. Additionally stands are investigated on slope and plateau. The comparison is done between stands where old trees were killed partially by bark beetle and totally dead ones. The investigation will be continued during a long-time period by introducing long-term observation surfaces. The main question of how do spruce stands (Calamagrostis villosae-Piceetum) develop after wide dying of previous stock level, can be answered.
Das Projekt "Handbook for Approval of Hydrogen Refuelling Stations (HYAPPROVAL)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik GmbH durchgeführt. Objective: HyApproval is a STREP to develop a Handbook (HB) facilitating the approval of hydrogen refuelling sta-tions (HRS). The project will be performed over 24 months by a balanced partnership including 25 partners from industry, SMEs and institutes which ensure the critical mass and required know how for obtaining the identified project goals. Most partners have extensive expertise from HRS projects. Key partners from China/ Japan / USA provide an additional liaison to international regulations, codes & stand ards activities. The project goals are to finalise the HRS technical guideline started under EIHP2 and to contribute to the international standard under development at ISO TC197 and in first line to provide a HB which assists com-panies and organisations i n the implementation and operation of HRS. The HB will be based on best prac-tices reflecting the existing technical know-how and regulatory environment, but also includes the flexibility to allow new technologies and design to be introduced at a later sta ge. In order to meet these goals, best practises will be developed from project experience (CUTE, ECTOS, EIHP1&2, HySafe, CEP, ZERO REGIO) and partner activities. In 5 EU countries (F/D/I/E/NL) and in China, Japan and the USA the HyApproval process wil l include a HB review by country authorities to pursue 'broad agreement' and to define 'approval routes'. After finalising the HB process the developed requirements and procedures to get 'Approval in Principle' shall be suffi-ciently advanced to seek appro val in any European country without major modifications. Not only infra-structure companies, HRS operators/owners and local authorities but also the EC will profit from the HB that is deemed to contribute to the safe implementation of a hydrogen infrastruc ture. The project complies with EU's R&D and energy policies, which aims at the introduction of 5Prozent hydrogen as motor fuel by 2020. The HB will put Europe in a position to maintain and extend its leading position
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