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Total suspended matter, particulate organic matter and particulate inorganic matter from discrete water samples during RV MARIA S MERIAN cruise MSM129/1

This dataset was collected during the cruise MSM129/1 with RV MARIA S. MERIAN from Warnemünde, Germany to St. John's, Canada. It contains suspended particulate matter, particulate organic matter and particulate inorganic matter measurements [mg/l] from water samples collected from the seawater supply (Reinseewassersystem, RSWS) to calibrate the turbidity data of the RSWS system. The outflow of a PocketFerrybox that was connected to the seawater supply in the hangar was used for sampling. It takes a substantial amount of time for the water to reach the hanger from the intake point. The time delay between the sensor readings of the RSWS and the PocketFerrybox was determined and the timestamps of the water sampling were adjusted accordingly. Given latitute and longitude refer to this corrected timestamp. The original time of water sampling in the hangar is given as an additional column with the comment time of sampling. To obtain suspended particulate matter concentrations, water samples were filtered onboard through 0.7 μm pore size, glass fiber filters (Whatmann GF/F, 47 mm) under low vacuum. Filters were frozen immediately at -80 °C until gravimetric analysis in the laboratory at ICBM, Wilhelmshaven according to IOCCG recommendations.

Steuerprozesse ästuariner Trübungszonen in Gezeitenästuaren

Durch Sinkstoffakkumulation gebildete ästuarine Trübungszonen in der Wassersäule und am Boden sind ein allgegenwärtiges Phänomen in Gezeitenästuaren. Die prinzipielle Dynamik ästuariner Trübungszonen ist schon vor einigen Jahrzehnten verstanden worden: Im Bereich von Salzgradienten entlang der Ästuare wird ein landwärtiger Netto-Sinkstofftransport angetrieben, während der Sinkstofftransport im Süßwasserbereich typischerweise seewärts gerichtet ist, was insgesamt zu konvergenten Sinkstofftransporten am landwärtigen Ende der Salzintrusion und dort zu Sinkstoffakkumulation und damit zur klassischen ästuarinen Trübungszone führt. Im Falle von sehr intensiven Gezeiten, bei denen die Flutströmung stärker aber kürzer als die Ebbströmung ist, kann auch im Süßwasserbereich ein landwärts gerichteter Sinkstofftransport erzeugt werden, der zu einer Sinkstoffakkumulation im Süßwasserbereich und somit zu einer Trübungszone im (salzfreien) Gezeitenfluss führen kann. Ein kürzlich vom Antragsteller und Kollegen erstellter Bericht zum Stand der Forschung deckt allerdings erhebliche Wissenslücken im Bereich der Dynamik ästuariner Trübungszonen auf.Ein Schwerpunkt des vorgeschlagenen Projektes soll die Erweiterung der Total Exchange Flow (TEF) genannten Analyse-Methode in Richtung Sinkstoffflüsse werden (Q1). Mit TEF und weiteren Analysemethoden sollen die folgenden wichtigen Forschungsfragen beantwortet werden. Q2: Wie wechselwirken die schnelle Sinkstoffdynamik in der Wassersäule und die langsame Dynamik der Sinkstoffe am Boden und wie ergeben sich daraus die Positionen der Trübungszonen? Q3: Welches sind die Anpassungszeitskalen der Sinkstoffdynamik und der Ausbildung von Trübungszonen unter wechselnden hydrodynamischen Bedingungen? Q4: Welches sind die Anteile fluvialer und mariner Sinkstoffklassen in ästuarinen Trübungszonen? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wird ein numerisches Modellabor aufgebaut, bestehend aus einen dreidimensionalen Modell eines konvergenten Ästuars. Die Modellkonfiguration wird so kalibriert, dass sie multi-dekadische Beobachtungsdaten von Salz- und Sinkstoffprofilen entlang der Unterelbe und der Schelde reproduzieren kann. Das numerische Labor wird zunächst dazu verwendet, um systematisch die Sensitivität der Dynamik der Trübstoffzonen von über mehrere Dekaden beobachteten Antriebsbedingungen in der Unterelbe und der Schelde zu untersuchen. Anschließend werden Szenarios mit idealisierten Antriebsbedingungen untersucht, um die oben genannten Forschungsfragen für einen multi-dimensionalen Parameterraum zu beantworten.

Seasonal nutrient dynamics in the Elbe estuary

In this publication, we investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of nutrients in the Elbe estuary, Northern Germany, in 2022. In seasonal transect cruises, physicochemical parameters were measured continuously along a transect from the North Sea (53.98°N 8.36°E) to the port of Oortkaten in the upstream Elbe River (53.46°N 10.06°E). The study focus was set on the interplay of eutrophication and in-stream nutrient regeneration. At ~40 stations along the estuary, we measured the concentration of dissolved nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, silicate) and nitrate dual stable isotope signatures (δ15N-NO3, δ18O-NO3) as well as characteristics of suspended particulate matter (δ15N-SPM, chlorophyll a concentration and C/N ratio).

Continuous optical chlorophyll-a and turbidity data along RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM129/1

Underway optical chlorophyll-a and turbidity data were collected along the cruise track with Sea-Bird Scientific ECO FLNTU sensors installed within two autonomous measurement containers, as part of the "Reinseewassersystem" (RSWS). The containers measure alternatingly. While one container is measuring, the other one is being cleaned. The boxes switched generally every 12 hours. The water inlet for the RSWS is at about 6.5 m below sea surface. Observed chlorophyll-a and turbidity data were both quality controlled. Analysis of the chlorophyll-a and turbidity data during parallel operation of the sensors in the two boxes showed significant differences between the sensors. The sensors were aligned resulting in consistent chlorophyll-a and turbidity time series. The corrected chlorophyll-a data were calibrated based on chlorophyll-a values from discrete water samples taken from a RSWS water outlet in the hangar. Samples were frozen and measured fluorometrically in the lab. The time series was separated into two sections, coastal and open ocean, which were calibrated independently. The turbidity time series was also compared to suspended particulate matter from water samples, however, correlation was low and therefore the comparison not used for calibrating turbidity. The calibrated chlorophyll-a time series and corrected turbidity time series were compared against Globcolour CHL1 and TSM products, respectively. Details on all quality control steps, the calibration, and the comparison with satellite data can be found in the data processing report. The data set user should keep in mind that some parts of the time series are likely affected by non-photochemical quenching, see data processing report. It was out of the scope of the quality control to flag or correct non-photochemical quenching. The resulting data set contains the original data and corresponding quality flags achieved by the quality control algorithm as well as the calibrated chlorophyll-a and corrected turbidity data with corresponding quality flags. The data source is given through the name of the active container. The data set contains data during transit time and station work. We recommend to use ship's speed to filter for only transit data.

Continuous optical chlorophyll-a and turbidity data along RV SONNE cruise SO285

Underway optical chlorophyll-a and turbidity data were collected along the cruise track with Sea-Bird Scientific ECO FLNTU sensors installed within two autonomous measurement systems, called self-cleaning monitoring boxes (SMBs). The SMBs measure alternatingly. While one box is measuring, the other one is being cleaned. The water inlet for the SMBs is at about 4 m below sea surface. Observed chlorophyll-a and turbidity data were both quality controlled and the chlorophyll-a data was additionally calibrated using chlorophyll-a reference data from discrete water samples taken from the CTD water sampler at 10 m depth. Sample chlorophyll-a was determined spectrophotometrically following Jeffrey and Humphrey (1975) as in EPA Method 446. Note that the ship crossed various biogeochemical provinces leading to high variability in the data and, additionally, non-photochemical quenching effects can be observed making it difficult to robustly calibrate the data. A comparison of the calibrated chlorophyll-a with satellite data using the GlobColour CHL1 and CHL2 products is additionally provided. Details on all quality control steps, the calibration, and the comparison with satellite data can be found in the data processing report. The resulting data set contains the original data, the calibrated data (in case of chlorophyll-a) and corresponding quality flags achieved by the quality control algorithm. The data source is given through the name of the active SMB. The data set contains data during transit time and station work. We recommend to use ship's speed to filter for only transit data.

Physical oceanography during RV METEOR cruise M200

Physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV METEOR during research cruise M200. The CTD system is comprised of a Seabird SBE911plus including dual respectively redundant sensor and pump packages. The SBE11plus Deck Unit remains on board in a laboratory and supplies on one hand power to the SBE9plus underwater unit, on the other hand data telemetry between the SBE9plus and a measurement PC. The SBE9plus underwater unit itself holds a pressure sensor and is interfacing with dual SBE3 temperature, SBE4 conductivity and SBE43 oxygen sensors, as well as two SBE5 pumps to provide a pumped water supply past each sensor.

Hydrographic parameters, dissolved CH4, atmospheric CH4 and CO2 along the river Elbe, August 2020

In August 2020 the research vessel Albis investigated the river Elbe from Schmielka towards Geesthacht. Basic hydrographic parameters were measured continuously, with a portable ferryBox. Dissolved methane was continuously determined with a degassing unit and a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatosResearch. Atmospheric CH4 and CO2 was determined with a Licor system.

Continuous bio-optical measurements of chloropyll a and turbidity along RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM97/2

Underway bio-optical sensor measurements of chlorophyll a and turbidity were acquired along the cruise track of RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM97/2. Measurements were collected with two autonomous measurement systems (RSWS), which are located at 6.5 m below the sea surface. Usually, the RWS-System with measuring container 1 and 2 (MC1 and MC2) interchanged after 6 hours. Only en route data was collected and quality controlled. No data from stationary measurements (in situ) were included. Quality Control specifically for biogeochemical measurements had been applied. For details to all processing steps see Data Processing Report.

Physical oceanography during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM123

Physical oceanography data was acquired by a ship-based Seabird SBE911plus CTD-Rosette system onboard RV MARIA S. MERIAN during research cruise MSM123. The CTD system is comprised of a Seabird SBE911plus including dual respectively redundant sensor and pump packages. The SBE11plus Deck Unit remains on board in a laboratory and supplies on one hand power to the SBE9plus underwater unit, on the other hand data telemetry between the SBE9plus and a measurement PC. The SBE9plus underwater unit itself holds a pressure sensor and is interfacing with dual SEB3 temperature, SBE4 conductivity and SBE43 oxygen sensors, as well as two SBE5 pumps to provide a pumped water supply past each sensor. The system also carries an optical FLNTU sensor to measure a combination of back-scattering, turbidity, and chlorophyll-a. To quantify the photo-synthetically active radiation a PAR sensor is installed as well.

Dissolved methane concentrations, diffusive methane flux and EOVs in the German Bight during RV HEINCKE cruise HE673/2, MOSES Sternfahrt 15 in November 2025

In continuation of the previous cruises (Sternfahrten) we covered a similar area with the RV Heincke but in late autumn (20 - 22 November 2026). All instruments were set up in the MOSES laboratory container. Standard hydrographic parameters were determined with a pocket ferrybox running with ship's surface water supply. In addition, dissolved methane was determined continuously. We used a degassing unit which was using surface water from the ship's water supply. The gas mixture was subsequently analysed with a Greenhouse Gas Analyzer from LosGatos. Conversion to methane concentration was performed with water samples, from which the methane content was determined with gas chromatography. Atmospheric methane concentrations were obtained from the ICOS-station Helgoland. Wind speed was obtained from the ships meteorological systems. The diffusive flux was calculated as outlined in the additional meta data description.

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